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principles of biblical interpretation
TKC SP13 MIDTERM
84
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 3
03/07/2013

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Term
In front of the text difficulty:
Definition
what we bring to the text sometimes changes the meaning; worldview problems!
Term
In the text difficulty:
Definition
previous meaning fallacy, grammatical relationships, or unwarranted associative jumps.
Term
Behind the text difficulty:
Definition
overemphasis on historical backgrounds.
Term
Hermeneutical Circle
Definition
your understanding of the text as a whole is established by referring to individual parts, and understanding of individual parts is established by referring to reference to the text as a whole (circular reasoning).
Term
hermeneutical spiral:
Definition
spiral from text to context: the reader's understanding spirals nearer and enarer to the text. It is a movement between the horizon of the text and of the reader that spirals nearer and nearer to the meaning of the text and its meaning for today.
Term
hermeneutical triad:
Definition
hermeneutics approached through history, literature, and theology.
Term
5 steps of interpretive journey
Definition
1. What it means to biblical audience
2. What is the difference between them and us?
3. What is the theological principle in the text?
4. how does our theological principle fit with the rest of the Bible?
5. how can we live out these theological principles?
Term
Hermeneutics:
Definition
interpreting texts; science and art of biblical interpretation
Term
Exegesis:
Definition
deriving an interpretation from the text.
Term
what is the relationship between hermeneutics and exegesis?
Definition
Hermeneutics is the rule book, exegesis is the game.
Term
eisegesis:
Definition
the process of misinterpreting a text in such a way that it introduces one's own idea and reads into the text.
Term
interpretation:
Definition
act of explaining/expounding, the practice of exegesis and application.
Term
application:
Definition
understanding how a text impacts the life (commands, promises, stories, etc.)
Term
texts as windows:
Definition
focuses on what is behind the text, a portal to historical events and people
Term
texts as paintings:
Definition
focuses on content and form. includes what the author wants us to see or is trying to say--more literary.
Term
texts as mirrors:
Definition
reflection on the interests of the christian community
Term
biblical theology:
Definition
seeks to understand the theology of the author and books of biblical canon. It seeks to investigate scripture as it was originally given and uses a historically grounded worldview to abstract truths from the text. Studies in sections, then in the whole.
Term
systematic theology:
Definition
gets abstract truths from philosophy and logic. tries to give a coherent doctrine of christian faith that is worded in contemporary idiom. focuses on the systems for the contemporary audience to understand. studies primarily as a whole.
Term
Difference between biblical and systematic theology:
Definition
BT has history as an organizing theme. ST ask philosophical questions, abstract principles, uses philosophy/logic.
Term
Translation:
Definition
transferring a message from one language to another
Term
biblical translation:
Definition
transferring God's message from hebrew/grk into your own language.
Term
autographs:
Definition
original documents
Term
manuscript
Definition
handwritten document or copy
Term
name 3 things important for influencing english translations
Definition
invention of printing press
renewed interest in classical languages
protestant reformation
Term
Vulgate
Definition
St. Jerome 400AD, Latin.
Term
Wycliffe Bible
Definition
first complete translation into English word for word, about 1380.
Term
the Tyndale NT
Definition
the first complete translation of the New Testament from Greek to English. he died before he finished the OT.
Term
the Coverdale Bible
Definition
complete translation of entire bible (GREAT BIBLE first authorized by church)
Term
Authorized version of 1611?
Definition
KJV, but it is based on inferior greek texts, and it has lots of archaic phrases. It was only commissioned to satisfy factions in the english church.
Term
formal approach to translation:
Definition
the formal approach attempts to maintain the structure of the source, so it is less sensitive to the receptor language (english), which makes it awkward because it's word for word.
Term
functional approach to translation
Definition
it's more about the meaning, so it's thought-for-thought rather than word-for-word, which means that the meaning could be distorted.
Term
paraphrase:
Definition
not a translation, but a restatement of a particular english translation using different english words.
Term
hellenistic judaism:
Definition
accommodates beliefs into platonic philosophy. Philo tried to reconcile the hebrew scriptures with plato.
Term
philo
Definition
allegory (moral of story, symbolism?)
philo's 3 canons for allegorical method:
if it says anything unworthy of God, if a statement is contradictory with some other statement or is difficult, or if the record itself is allegorical in nature.
Term
the Qumran community:
Definition
supercessionism / believed they were the faithful remnant of israel, used PESHER exegesis
Term
pesher exegesis
Definition
this is that. acts 2:16
Term
rabbinic judaism
Definition
promotes obedience to torah in defense against hellenistic influence
Term
Middot
Definition
system of exegetical rules developed by rabbinic judaism where one passage can be explained by another, and something that is true in a lesser situation is also true in the stronger.
Term
contemporization
Definition
claiming to find a prophecy in events of their own day or in the immediate future.
Term
emendation
Definition
changing the text to support your interpretation.
Term
allegory: passages have three meanings.
Definition
literal, moral, allegorical.
Term
school of antioch emphasizes...
Definition
literal, historical, but christological approach. yay, supercessionism.
Term
school of alexandria emphasizes...
Definition
allegorical. each passage has body/soul/spirit.
Term
Medieval interpretation: PRDS
Definition
Peshat: plain/direct meaning
Remez: allegory
Derash: homiletical/creative application
Sod: mystical/secret meaning.
Term
Christian medieval interpretation emphasizes the four-fold sense of scripture:
Definition
literal/historical
allegorical/spiritual
tropological/moral
anagogical/eschatological
Term
scholasticism:
Definition
relate faith and reason, yay argument, metaphysics, stuff like that.
Term
hebrew renaissance
Definition
WE LIKE TO STUDY HEBREW LANGUAGE IN SCRIPTURE AGAIN.
Term
Classical renaissance
Definition
we apprecaite the past, documentary criticism/grammatical analysis.
Term
according to martin luther, only _____ has divine authority? what does he reject?
Definition
rejects allegory, only scripture has divine authority.
Term
what does calvin like?
Definition
history, authority of scripture
Term
main principles of reformation:(4)
Definition
sola scriptora, scripture interprets scripture, sola fide (by faith alone), religious freedom.
Term
enlightenment in science:
Definition
the scientific method, natural laws.
Term
enlightenment in philosophy:
Definition
human reason, autonomy, progress.
Term
what method came out of the enlightenment?
Definition
the historical critical method.
Term
JEDP
Definition
Different sections of the torah use different names for God, so probably written by different authors.
Term
what to look for in sentences:
Definition
repetition, contrast, comparisons, lists, cause/effect, figures of speech, conjunctions, verbs, pronouns.
Term
what to look for in paragraphs:
Definition
general/specific
question/answer
dialogue
purpose/result
means
conditional clauses
actions/roles of god and people
emotional terms
tone
Term
what to look for in discourses
Definition
connections between paragraphs and episodes, story shifts, interchange, chiasms, inclusio (begin/end with same thing)
Term
preunderstanding:
Definition
personally acquired prior knowledge that informs/influences interpretation. can be informational, attitudinal, ideological, or methodological.
Term
presuppositions. go.
Definition
these are fixed, unchanging convictions that form your view of reality and interpretation of the text. These are your foundational beliefs.
Term
Historical cultural context asks:
Definition
who is the author/ the audience? are there social, religious, or political elements?
Term
Literary Context:
Definition
relates to the particular form a passage takes, and tot he words/sentences/paragraphs that surround the passage.
Term
literary genre:
Definition
narrative, law, poetry, prophecy, wisdom, gospel, letter, apocalyptic. SPORTS ANALOGY: Know the rules of the particular literary form.
Term
3 steps to I.D. literary context:
Definition
1. id how the book is divided into paragraphs or sections.
2. summarize it.
3. how does it relate to the surrounding sections?
Term
name 3 word study fallacies:
Definition
english only, root, timeframe, overload, word count, word concept, selective evidence.
Term
historical-critical / grammatical view of hermeneutics:
Definition
necessary background step for all interpretation because it looks at the history behind the text and of the culture/text itself by analyzing form/source/tradition, etc., and by looking at the grammar and structure of the text.
Term
literary / postmodern view of hermeneutics:
Definition
studies the text that exists, how people interpret it, and any support gained from the author's background. It focuses on the final text and how the books fit together cohesively as a whole, and makes connections. there is no absolute universal interpretation.
Term
redemptive-historical view of hermeneutics:
Definition
as revelation is the interpretation of redemption, interpreting scripture is always derivative --interpretation of an interpretation. SCRIPTURE INTERPRETS SCRIPTURE. continuity between interpreter today and the NT writers?
Term
canonical criticism view of hermeneutics:
Definition
what is the meaning the text has in its final form for which the community uses it?
Term
exegesis is __________ hermeneutics.
Definition
applied. exegesis is applied hermeneutics.
Term
RUN
Definition
YOU FOOL
Term
textual criticism is...
Definition
is where you determine the original text by studying all the copies you can get your grubby little hands on.
Term
semantic field
Definition
a particular set of words that are related by linguistics. like spring. spring is almost here. spring forward, fall back. he will spring on his prey. etc.
Term
the three methods of biblical interpretation
Definition
intuitive / feels-right approach
spiritualizing approach
shrug ya shoulders approach
Term
the fixed agreement between author and reader about how to communicate i s...
Definition
the COVENANT OF COMMUNICATION (ATION, ATION, ATION....)
Term
How to grasp the text in their town?
Definition
read carefully, observe.study historical literary context. synthesize meaning of passage for biblical audience.
Term
how do you measure the difference between the biblical audience and you?
Definition
account for common differences: culture, language, situation, time, covenant, etc.
focus on unique differences in a specific text.
account for JESUS.
Term
how do you cross the principlizing bridge?
Definition
ID similarities between them and us.
hold the differences and similarities together. ID broad theological principle, and write it out in the present tense.
Term
how do you consult the biblical map?
Definition
you ask if the principle correlates with the rest of the Bible and how, or if it is the OT, run the principle through the grid of the NT. still work?
Term
how do you grasp the text in your town?
Definition
apply the theological principle to specific situation of a contemporary christian.
Term
informational preunderstanding is
Definition
the info you already have about a subject before you approach it
Term
attitudinal preunderstanding is
Definition
prejudice, bias, predisposition
Term
ideological preunderstanding is
Definition
the way we view the complex of reality (worldview)
Term
methodological preunderstanding is
Definition
the actual approach you take in explaining a subject.
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