Term
|
Definition
| the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the changes we observe in an animals physiological process and behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| location where molecules of drugs interact with molecules located on or in cells of the body to make drug effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which drugs are absorbed, distrubuted within body, metabolozed and excreted. Some drugs pass quicker into brain and blood then others, when in body, they are metabolozed or broken doen by enzymes. Eventually, all are excreted. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| injection of substence directly into vein. (immediatly enters bloodstream and reaches brain in a few secs) |
|
|
Term
| intraperitoneal injection |
|
Definition
| injection of substance through stomach into peritoneal cavity, space that surrounds stomach, intestines, liver. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| injection of substane into muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| injection of substance into the space beneath the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| administration of a substance into the mouth and swallowed |
|
|
Term
| sublingual administration |
|
Definition
| administration of sunstance by placing it on toungue, get into ocapillaries that line mouth |
|
|
Term
| intrarectal administration |
|
Definition
| admin of drug into rectum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| administration of a vaporous substance into the lungs (nicotine, freebase cocaine, marijuana, anesthetics) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| administration of substance directly onto skin (nicotine patch, skin creams or ointments) |
|
|
Term
| intracerebral administration |
|
Definition
| administration of a substance directly into brain (if drug cant get past blood brain barrier) |
|
|
Term
| intracerebrventricular adninistration |
|
Definition
| administration of a substance into one of the cerbral ventricles |
|
|
Term
| what happens once drug is in body? |
|
Definition
| drugs vary in how fast they get to site of action in brain through bloodstream. more lipid soluble, the faster they get in brain. (herione faster than morphine cause more lipid soluble). Blood brain barrier only barrier to water soluble molecules. Drugs do not remain in body foreve, Many deactivted by enzymes and all excreted mostly by kidneys. Liver plays big role in deactivating drugs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a graph of the magnitiude of an effect of a drug as a function of the amount of drug administered. Expressed as mg of drug per kg body weight. (pg 93, fig 4.2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in dose-response curve, the difference between dose response curve for the drugs therapuetic effects and that for its adverse side effects. Bigger margin of safety, the safer the drug. (pg 93, f ig 4.3) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ratio between the dose that produces the desired effect in 50 percent on the animals and the dose that produces toxic effects in 50 percent of animals. (we want a high index. in toxic dose is 5x higher that effective dose that TI is 5.0). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drugs vary widely in affinity of the drug with its site of action-the readiness with which two moecules join together.Drug with high affinity produce effects at low dosages, those with low affinity produce efffects in high dosages. We want drugs eith a high affinity for sites that produce a therapuetic effect and a low affinity for sites that produce side effects. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a decrease in the effectiveness of a drug that is administered repeatedly (herion, opiods) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an increase in the effecteness of a drug that is administered repeatedly (ex: repeated use of cocaine become more and more likely to produce morevement disorders and convulsions) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the appearance of symptoms opposite to those produced by a drug when the drug is administered repeatedly then no longer taken (herion produces euphoria and relaxation, withdrawl produces dysphoria which is anxious misery and agitation). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inert substance that is given in lueu of a physiologically active drug, used experiementally to control for effects of mere administration of drug. Huge placebo effects in many studies. Found actual physiological changes occur by beleif it works, not all in the head |
|
|
