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Definition
covalent bonds liquids/low melting solids/some gases slow rxn rate flammable not water soluble not a conductor when dissovled in water |
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Term
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Definition
1. find longest chain 2. find substituents and identify them with -yl ending 3. Position by lowest # and alpahbetical order, if there are more than one then use di, tri, tetra- 4. use cyclo for circles 5. trans- opposite, cis-same 6. isopropyl-carbon chain with two carbons coming off 7. t-butyl-carbon chain with three carbons coming off |
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Definition
single covalent bonds CnH2n+2 nonpolar, insoluble in water, less dense that water, increase melting and boiling points with increasing molecular weights the longer the chain the stronger the IDP-IDP forces normal rxn is combustion |
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Definition
1. longest chain that has the alkene in it 2. the alkene to have the lowest # 3. trans-diff, cis-same, cyclo-circle |
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Definition
flammable nonpolar not soluble in water increase molecular weights, increase boiling point less dense than water soluble in nonpolar solvents |
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Definition
| adding a halogens to carbons and breaking bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| adding two hydrogens to alkenes and breaking the double bond |
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Term
| addition of H-X to an alkene |
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Definition
| H added the carbon with the most hydrogens, breaking double bonds between carbons |
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Term
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Definition
| adding water to an alkene, H must go to the carbon with the most carbons |
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Term
| Addition of polymerization of an alkene |
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Definition
| break pi bonds to form c-chain |
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Definition
| triple bonds between carbons |
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Term
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Definition
| benzene ring with carboxylic acid hanging off |
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Definition
| benzene ring with a methane hanging off |
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Definition
| benzene ring with a hydroxide hanging off |
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Definition
| Amine hanging off benzene |
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Definition
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| aromatic nomenclature for two substituents |
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Definition
ortho (1,2) meta (1,3) para (1,4) |
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Term
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Definition
-OH functional group primary-one c secondary-two c tertiary- three c higher bp than other compounds of the same molecular weight due to H-bonding low molecular weight alcohols are soluble in water |
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Term
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Definition
Methanol- a solvent and fuel Ethanol-beverages, and gasol isopropyl alcohol-rubbing alcohol ethylene glycol-antifreeze glycerol-moistening agent |
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Definition
alkoxyalkane ex- 1,2-dimethoxycyclopentane |
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Definition
oxygen attached to two carbons cannot hydrogen bond very limited water solubility unreactive |
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Definition
just like an alcohol but with sulfur instead of oxygen horrible stench not very water soluble nomenclature-ends with -thiol |
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Term
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Definition
aldehydes end in -al ketones end in -one no hydrogen bonding polar soluble sometimes for low molecular weights hydrogen acceptor but not a donor |
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Term
Tollen's Test/Silver Mirror Test |
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Definition
uses Ag+, NH3, OH- test for aldehydes by oxidizing it to turn it into carboxylic acid, so silver is reduced from Ag+ to Ag^0 which is metallic and leaves a silver coating |
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Term
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Definition
Uses Ca^2+ and OH- oxidizes to Carboxylic Acid and forms Cu2O which is a brick red color test for aldehydes, hydroxy group must be next to Aldehyde |
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| Important Aldehydes/Ketones |
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Definition
Fermeldehydes-embalming acetone-organic solvent, good cleaning product Progesterone and Testosterone birth control pills hormone manipulation for athletes |
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Term
| Addition of alcohol to aldehyde |
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Definition
| aldehyde to hemicetal to acetal |
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Term
| addition of alcohol to ketone |
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Definition
| ketone to hemiketal to ketal |
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