Term
| Bi-stable imaging systems |
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Definition
-Electrical device or circuit that has 2 stable states at any given time, so it is possible to switch between them
-on/off or black/white |
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Term
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Definition
| -1962 when the introduction of the first commercially available portable ultrasonic system known as a compound contact scanner (Physionics Engineering Porta-Arm) |
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Term
| -one of the most seminal pioneering contributions in B-mode imaging and contact scanning. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -direct precurcor to the imaging systems in use today |
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Term
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Definition
Observed the relationship between sound pitch and frequency
-invented the sonometer to study musical sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| Observed that bats function effectively in the dark, even when blinded, but not if deafened, and theorized that bats were listening to something he could not hear. |
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Term
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Definition
| Compared sound waves to the ripples produced by dropping a pebble into a calm body of water. |
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Term
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Definition
First scientists to demonstrate the direct piezoelectric effect using quartz crystals.
-discoveries lead to the development of the modern transducer |
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Term
| Focused high-energy ultrasound waves |
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Definition
| -Focused high-energy ultrasound waves are used for therapeutic ultrasound to remove unwanted tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| -transmitting at one frequency but receives echo information at a higher frequency |
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Term
| -improves image quality and tissue contrast and overcomes some of the limitations of penetration and resolution found with traditional sonography |
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Definition
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Term
| Quantitative method of characterizing and recognizing various tissue types, beyond what is visually possible from source images. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Recording= learning the material in the first place
2. Retaining= keeping the material until needed
3. Retrieving= finding the material and getting it back out when needed |
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Term
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Definition
Multiple choice= questions are situational, usually only one answer is correct
True/False= statement is evaluated to see if it is right or wrong
Completion= missing words or phrases are included in a sentence, must be completed to make true
Matching= 2 columns of words or phrases provided and student is asked to match each item in the first column with the appropriate item in the second column |
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Term
| Mental functions in effective listening |
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Definition
1. Recall= The ability to restate what is heard at a later time (involves memory)
2. Comprehensive= thoroughly understood and intelligently applied (involves mastery of what is heard) |
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Term
| Types of subjective tests |
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Definition
| -Most common form is the essay test. Students may be asked to define or explain a term or concept, describe how they would handle a given situation or solve specific problems. Plan answers before writing. |
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Term
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Definition
used to remember things only long enough to respond to them (reading a page)
-Extremely limited
-Requires singular attention to determine which items require prompt response and which items require transfer. |
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Term
it is the system used to remember information that must be recalled or responded to within second or minutes after receiving it.
-(Short Term Memory) |
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Definition
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Term
| used for information that must be stored for long periods before use |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-limitless to capacity to store information
-number of items it can retain
-facilitates learning and memorization of new material
-more information stored in LTM, the easier it is to enter new information
-requires attention, organization, and association |
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Term
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Definition
focusing on desired material and blocking out disturbing stimuli.
(primary purpose is to determine what is important enough to remember) |
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Term
| art of putting memory in order |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
technique involving forming a meaningful connection with a fact.
(encourages learning and thinking more about the fact)
(more thoughts associated with a memory, more permanently facts will be stored) |
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Term
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Definition
| after information has been selected as important enough to remember |
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Term
-allows people to remember several things at once for periods or time greater than 1 second.
-maximum of remembering 7 items at a time
-subject to rapid information loss
-Can become overloaded causing us to “forget everything” |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Tendency to alter and distort details when some parts of a memory fail to fade in a uniform matter. Held together but has missing or altered details |
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Term
-elimination of all inaccurate remembering is impossible
-Rest, sufficient sleep, and healthy eating habits improve the brains ability to function |
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Definition
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Term
Clustering=
Visualization= envisioning or forming a mental image of something not present to the sight.
-works best for remembering concrete objects and actions such as a shopping list
-works poorly on abstract concepts |
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Definition
method of memorizing long series of data by arranging them in segments
-usually easier to remember in groups of 3 to 5 |
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Term
| techniques or systems for improving memory by the use or certain formulas |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
used to represent associations, organizations, government agencies, military terms
-Great Lakes (HOMES)
-spring ahead, fall back |
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Term
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Definition
first letter mnemonics that support recall by creating a sentence in which the first letter of each word is a prompt for recalling information
-My Very Egaer Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas (The planets) |
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Term
bridge memory gaps to enhance remembering
-most successful associations are tied to prior knowledge
-keys on piano (52 white/ 36 black) (52 weeks in year/ 36 inches in yard) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
envisioning or forming a mental image of something not present to the sight.
-works best for remembering concrete objects and actions such as a shopping list
-works poorly on abstract concepts |
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Term
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Definition
| listen without prejudice to avoid ignoring or filtering out details or tuning out any speakers who do not match their own ideas or values. |
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Term
| The average speaking rate= |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -take a 10-minute break for every 50 min of studying |
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Term
sonographers must posses many diverse skills to produce diagnostic quality studies.
-THE SCAN= provides valuable chronologic documentation of the accomplishments and proficiencies attained by a student during the course of their studies
-extensive knowledge of the physical principles
-working knowledge of the mechanics and operational features of systems
-in-depth appreciation of pathology
-ability to survey and scan clinically relevant areas
-recognition and recording of representative images and measurements
-recognition of more detailed exam if needed
-evaluation of patients clinical and lab histories
-familiar with different diagnosis
-ability to function as part of diagnostic team
-ability to discuss procedures with sonologist
-to assume role of teacher to students
-willingness to engage in continued education |
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Definition
|
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Term
| -Intentional/conscious memorization= |
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Definition
when people deliberately and systematically devise ways to recall specific facts
-relies heavily on attention and perception |
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Term
| -Subconcious memorization= |
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Definition
| sensory triggers of sight, sound, touch, and smell are associated frequently with particular patient disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| remember best what they see |
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Term
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Definition
| -Remember things best by seeing them written or in another visual format such as images, texts, handouts, slides, films, tapes, notes, and flashcards. |
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Term
| -Visualize words or concepts in your mind and taking detailed notes during lectures and when reading textbooks |
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Definition
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Term
| hearing and saying things aloud are the most effective learning tools |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -learn best from lectures, class discussions, and tapes |
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Term
| -help learn better by reading aloud or writing summaries or outlines of the material |
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Definition
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Term
| tend to retain and understand information best by writing, manipulating data, or physically practicing movements in hands-on settings |
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Definition
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Term
| -like to discuss or apply what you are learning, but most of all you learn better when you have an object in your hands |
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Definition
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Term
| -excel in classes with lab |
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Definition
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Term
| -improve your learning by studying in a group |
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Definition
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Term
-Listening= listen carefully to the message and the words the patient is speaking
-Observing= most important facet of an nonverbal communication is awareness of the true message patient is sending. (body language)
-Responding appropriately= Providing feedback encourages patients to keep talking about their concerns
-Maintaining silence= give patients the chance decide what to say or not to say.
-Clarifying= check statements or cues they observed to be sure they understand the patients
-Repeating= allows patients to chance their minds
-Gathering information= ask open ended questions
-Summarizing= allows them to take a more objective look at their comments
-Accepting= encouraged to express negative feelings
-Touching= pat on the shoulder or touch of hand are gestures of support |
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Definition
| Effective Communication Skills |
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Term
| Sonographer reports (“diagnosing”) |
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Definition
-Include measurements, comments on echogenicity, location of normal and abnormal structures, and any unusual patient positions, scanning planes, or instrumentation changes required to complete the examination.
-Report any technical or patient difficulties encountered during the exam. |
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Term
| Maslow’s hierarchy of needs |
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Definition
| Physical needs, safety/security, love/belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization |
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Term
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Definition
| oxygen, water, food, elimination, rest, shelter (patient could die without) |
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Term
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Definition
| protection for danger, harm, or fear |
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Term
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Definition
| humans thrive when they feel love, closeness, affection, belonging, and meaningful relationships with others. Health care professionals can fulfill this important need. |
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Term
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Definition
| belief in one’s self only when people feel that others value them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Experiencing one’s potential. Full development of one’s abilities and ambitions |
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Term
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Definition
| form of nonverbal communication that involves facial expressions, gestures, and body movements that sends messages |
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Term
| -Social Conversation Communication= |
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Definition
type of communication consisting of polite or friendly exchanges of factual or social information (chit chat)
-flows easily from one topic to another
-does not provide significant information, identify problems, or result in solutions
-important in establishing a relationship with patients and creating supportive communication |
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Term
more goal oriented and information bearing
-help relieve patients anxiety, anger, or frustration and to learn about any unmet patient needs. |
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Definition
| -Supportive Communication= |
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Term
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Definition
| -Fast talking, using slang or medical terms, making it difficult for the listener to understand the message. Speaking a language foreign to the listener. |
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Term
coalition formed by three people in a social situation, for exchanging information.
-may invite family members to participate in the triad
-useful when patients are anxious and need support or when patients don’t understand the sonographers instructions because of language, cognitive, or cultural reasons
-useful way of proving support and reassurance to the patient |
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Definition
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Term
-effective to review information, ensure understanding, ad explain a decision
-may invite family members to participate in the triad
-useful when patients are anxious and need support or when patients don’t understand the sonographers instructions because of language, cognitive, or cultural reasons
-useful way of proving support and reassurance to the patient |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| face the patient directly and on the same level. The use of facial expression, body gestures, and touch enhance communication. Use a lower toned voice, reduce background noise, never talk from another room. |
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Term
| promote the patients independence whenever possible. Approach by saying hello, handshake or pat on the arm helps to reassure them. Tell patient if you must leave the room, Use touch and tone of voice to communicate |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stand where visible and speak loudly and clearly, use common vocabulary and short simple sentences, give directions in simple manner, repeating and clarification. Provide time for patient to say what they want to say, be patient, and do not treat as children. |
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Term
use simple or direct language, act one question at a time, allow time for response, speak face to face with patient, keep environment calm, have a caring attitude, provide correct information, correct them with supportive communication.
mental=Communicate in a quiet or private area, Speak to the mental age of the patient and not his or her physical age. Be patient, flexible and supportive. Avoid talking too fast because this will only frustrate the patient. Do not mimic how the patient pronounces words. Speak in a low voice. Look them in the eye to let them know that you care about what you are saying |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sonographers must be sure that he or she has assessed fully the patient’s condition and carefully thought out an approach before engaging the patient in conversation. |
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Term
| Encouraging a supportive family member to be present during the patient examinations and transfers is helpful. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Tendency to displace anger in all directions
-Patients may make unreasonable demands or levy unjust criticism at everyone participating in their care.
-Do not try to divert the patient with humor or cheerfulness.
-Explain the nature of the sonographic procedure to avoid patient fear or suspicion.
-Do not react as if the patient’s feelings are personal attacks.
-Try to understand that through this behavior, patients can unload the intense and often painful feelings they are experiencing. |
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Term
As patients begin to accept their condition, they may try to bargain with God.
-Some patients try alternative or “quack” treatments.
-Sonographers should allow these patients to talk about their bargains with God and share the patient’s requests and actions with staff members |
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Definition
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Term
Depression is encountered when patients finally realize the reality of their loss.
-Patients cry, lose interest in their surroundings, and become silent and withdrawn.
-Let patients express sorrow and feel sad.
-Encouragement and reassurance do not help patients at this stage.
-Encourage the patient to talk about his or her feelings. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Patients are at peace and thinking more clearly.
-This is not a joyful stage.
-Energy and interest decrease, and the patient needs the support and company of family and friends.
-At this point patients need to be told that it is all right to say nothing, to “just be.” |
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Term
| Negative Communication Traits |
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Definition
| Judgemental responses, arguing, interupting, changing the subject, distractions, false assurances, untruthfulness, evasion, avoidance, false reassurance |
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Term
| do not tell patients everything will be okay to prevent them from talking about their fears. The sonographer really doesn’t know if everything will be fine. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| do not direct all question to someone else. It signals they will not or cannot answer. |
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Term
| do not focus attention on their signs or symptoms to reassure them or avoid being asked if they will die |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| never construct excuses to avoid confronting patients with unpleasant news |
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Term
| deprives patient of working through a problem and possibly finding solutions/decisions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| guard against showing they are not interested by body language or behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| do not tell patents they should not feel angry or afraid or some people have it worse |
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Term
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Definition
| = patients feel sonographer does not want to listen |
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Term
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Definition
| put at risk of receiving only part of the message, giving inappropriate response, and alienating patients. |
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Term
| debating instead of learning is counterproductive |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| consists of eye contact, facial expressions, body language, gestures, posture, tone of voice, and touch. |
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Term
| -Sometimes a message patients wishes to impart is contradicted by the accompanying nonverbal expressions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to an instruction method in which students at various performance levels work together in small groups toward a common goal. |
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Term
-Students are responsible for one anothers learning
-Gives students the opportunity to engage in discussion, take responsibility for their own learning, and become critical thinkers |
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Definition
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Term
| Helping patients deal with bad news |
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Definition
-Sonographers deal with dying patients or those in danger of losing a pregnancy, so it is important to explore personal feelings about death to better understand patient’s feelings.
-Patients have different views about death based on their backgrounds, past experiences, and religious beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
| art of taking charge of your mind and ensuring that you use the best thinking you are capable of to solve problems in any circumstance. |
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Term
| -For sonographers, the purpose of critical thinking is to solve complex problems using |
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Definition
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Term
| -Comparison, classification, sequence, cause/effect, patterning, deductive reasoning, planning, and critiquing are |
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Definition
| critical thinking skills. |
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Term
| —Characteristics of Critical Thinking |
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Definition
•Requires goal-directed thinking
•Makes judgments based on fact not guesswork
•Is open minded, not prejudiced |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| negative type of stress that is a manifestation of anxiety, mental pain, or mental suffering. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Shoulder, Rotater cuff, biceps, Elbow, Wrist, Fingers |
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Term
| -Upper extremity injury associated with the use of poorly designed transducers or |
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Definition
| improperly holding or excessively gripping the transducer |
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Term
| -Tendonitis, tenosynovitis, or tunnel syndromes, damage to the elbow, epicondylitis (tennis elbow), and posterior impingement syndrome of the elbow |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Painful inflammation of the tendons (tenosynovitis) on the thumb side of the wrist |
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Term
| -Thought to be related to repetitive hand or wrist motions |
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Definition
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Term
| -Symptoms of De Quervain Disease: |
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Definition
| discomfort when turning the wrist, grasping anything or making a fist, and wrist pain radiating into the forearm and distally, into the thumb; decreased range of motion of the lower joint of the thumb; swelling at the base of the thumb |
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Term
| splinting of the injured part; heat or cold application; NSAIDs. Injection of corticosteroids within the tendon sheath may be helpful. |
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Definition
| -Treatment of De Quervain Disease: |
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Term
|
Definition
| Occurs with inflammation of the small sac of fluid that cushions and lubricates an area between tendon and bone or around the joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic overuse, repetitive motions, trauma, gradual degeneration, aging, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or infection. |
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Term
| joint pain, tenderness, swelling, warmth over the joint, and stiffness near the affected bursa. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| temporary rest or immobilization of the affected joint, applying ice, taking NSAIDs |
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Term
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Definition
| -TOS–group of disorders brought on by compression of blood vessels or nerves in the space between the clavicle and first rib |
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Term
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Definition
| Pain in the neck and shoulder area, Numbness and weakness in the arm/hand |
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Term
|
Definition
| prolonged positions with arms held out or overhead; lack of rest periods at work to minimize fatigue; and repetitive lifting of heavy objects |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when one or more subclavian vessels are compressed. |
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Term
| Cyanotic (bluish) appearance of the hand, Subclavian vein thrombosis, Arm pain/swelling (possible blood clots), Throbbing lump near clavicle, Pallor (lack of color) in one or more fingers or the entire hand, Tiny, black spots (infarcts) on the fingers |
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Definition
| Symptoms of Vascular TOS: |
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Term
| -Characterized by compression of the brachial plexus nerves coming from the spinal cord |
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Definition
|
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Term
| -Symptoms of Neurologic TOS: |
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Definition
| Numbness or tingling in the fingers, Pain in the shoulder and neck, Ache in the arm or hand, Weakening grip |
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Term
| Ion concentration of indoor environments |
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Definition
| -The use of negative air ionizers in modern buildings can counteract poor air quality and benefit human health. |
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Term
| ___________ negative ions per cubic centimeter is the ideal concentration of indoor environments |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| finger may suddenly lock or trigger, extending with a snap. |
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Term
-Flexor digital tenosynovitis coexists with carpal tunnel syndrome
-Aches or pain in wrist or thumb, aggravated by motion |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) |
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Definition
| -Caused by compression of the median nerve at the wrist, causing numbness. |
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Term
| -Gripping, flexing, and extending of the hand and wrist tendons can increase pressure within the carpal tunnel. |
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Definition
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) |
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Term
| -Common with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS): |
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Definition
| numbness and burning especially in the thumb, index, middle or ring fingers, but not the little finger. |
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Term
| splints, NSAIDs, injections of steroids, or surgery (in severe cases). |
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Definition
| -Treatmen for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS): |
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Term
| -Prevention of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS): |
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Definition
| proper body mechanics during scanning, especially relaxing the grip on transducers and reducing the use of any force; and taking frequent breaks between patients. Wearing a textured scan glove may reduce the need for excessive gripping and sliding. |
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Term
|
Definition
| -Wear single-vision lenses designed for middle distance only (computer glasses); these will allow a more natural head and neck position during scanning activities. |
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Term
| -Position the top of the monitor at eye level so your eyes are looking downward to see the screen. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common sites of pain and injury for sonographers |
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Definition
| -Neck, back, hips, shoulder, wrist, hands, fingers, and feet most common sites of injury and pain |
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Term
| -Primary causes of pain and injury for sonographers: |
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Definition
| repetition, force, awkward posture |
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Term
| -Risk of injury increases with the number of times and the greater length of time that a joint deviates from its natural position. |
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Definition
| pain and injury for sonographers |
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Term
|
Definition
-OSHA recommends 10-minute rest breaks for every 2 hours of scanning.
-20-20-20 Rule |
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Term
|
Definition
| look 20 feet away for 20 seconds for every 20 minutes scanning |
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Term
|
Definition
| overuse and repeated stress on the foot. |
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Term
| -Plantar fasciitis typically produces |
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Definition
| heel pain with the first few steps in the morning. |
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Term
| -The condition can last a few months, be intermittent, or become permanent. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| -Treatment includes rest, ice, taping, strengthening and flexibility exercises, and orthotic devices. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| -Wear shoes with good arch support, adequate cushioning and enough flexibility to easily bend under the ball of the foot. |
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Term
| Internally generated stress (burnout and compassion fatigue)= |
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Definition
| stress that we cause ourselves; is a major factor in the development of sonographer burnout and compassion fatigue |
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Term
| state of chronic work-related stress especially prevalent in the health care and helping professions. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| -Sufferers of burnout become |
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Definition
| poorly motivated, let their job performance slide, and call in “sick” because of dissatisfaction with their job. |
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Term
|
Definition
| mental distancing some health care professionals develop as a way to protect themselves. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Monotony, Conflict, Role ambiguity, Role overload, Nonparticipation, Underutilization, Resource inadequacy |
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Term
|
Definition
| develops in a monotonous work environment that is devoid of stress |
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Term
| develops when a sonographer’s fundamental values conflict with those of the employer |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| triggered when sonographers are uncertain of the employer’s expectations |
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Term
| results from too much to do in too little time |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| develops when sonographers have no say in important decisions |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| occurs when sonographers’ jobs do not tap their potential. |
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Term
| exists in cases of a lack of sufficient resources to perform a task to the level of expectation |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| results from compression of the posterior tibial nerve. |
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|
Term
| -Causes of Tarsal tunnel syndrome: |
|
Definition
| flat feet, injury, bone spur, systemic disease such as diabetes |
|
|
Term
| -Symptoms of Tarsal tunnel syndrome: |
|
Definition
| numbness or burning sensation in and around the ankles |
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Term
|
Definition
| rest, ice, cast, NSAIDs, PT, cortisone injections |
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|
Term
| Proper shoulder abduction of the arm |
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Definition
|
|
Term
-Poorly designed ultrasound equipment
-Crowded scanning areas
-Poorly designed stretchers
-Use of awkward postures while scanning
-Awkward static and dynamic arm positions
-Use of excessive force when grasping a transducer
-Day-long repetition of the same types of scans
-Reaching injuries
-Prolonged standing
-Frequency and duration of procedures
-Insufficient rest/breaks during workday |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-Be aware of what causes injury.
-Modify your behavior accordingly.
-Take frequent breaks during the workday.
-Modify your scan techniques (changing hands, posture, sitting/standing).
-See a physical therapist. |
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Definition
| Elimination of workplace injuries |
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Term
|
Definition
A cycle of infection is created when a pathogen finds an environment in which it can grow.
·Pathogens are transmitted via portals of entry and exit:
·Respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, or reproductive tracts
·Breaks in the skin
·Blood
·CDC and the OSHA have established minimum standards for infection control called Standard Precautions. |
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Term
| ·Nosocomial infections are |
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Definition
| infections acquired during a stay in the hospital. |
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Term
| ·Sonographers who work in a facility with risk of nosocomial transmission of TB should be given a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hospital-acquired infections (HAI)
·Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
·Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus (VRSA)
·Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Use only on conscious adults who cannot speak, cough, or breathe.
-Contraindicated on pregnant women, the markedly obese, or recent abdominal surgery patients.
-These patients require chest thrusts. |
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Term
| ******DO NOT perform CPR unless: |
|
Definition
·The patient has stopped breathing
·The patient does not show signs of circulation (e.g., normal breathing, coughing, or movement in response to rescue breathing).
·No one with more training in CPR is present. |
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|
Term
-·Make a fist with one hand.
-Place the thumb side of the fist above the navel and below the lower end of the sternum.
-Grasp the fist with the other hand.
·Press inward and upward, quickly.
·If the thrust does not work, press upper abdomen against a hard surface (a chair back, table, or railing) and use as many thrusts as needed. |
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Definition
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Term
| For infants younger than 1 year old, the procedure is limited to |
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Definition
| rescue back blows and chest thrusts. |
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Term
| The universal sign of a choking person |
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Definition
-Sudden, agitated placement of a hand to the neck.
-Inability to talk, cry, or breathe following patient becoming cyanotic. |
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Term
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Definition
-system used to provide temporary or permanent drainage of urine
-Foley catheter is commonly used |
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Term
-Maintain good posture
-Always evaluate a situation before acting or deciding what needs to be done
-Always explain to patients what you plan to do
-Remove any objects or hazards before moving backward or during transfer
-Feet shoulder width apart to provide strong base; distribute weight evenly; one foot slightly forward for balance and have the toes o the leading foot pointed in direction of the activity
-Prepare for activity by keeping back straight and being ready to bend at the hips or knees. Use large muscles of the thigh instead of smaller muscles of the back for lifting. Tighten abdominal and pelvic muscles, tuck butt in, and keep head and chest up.
-Never bend sideways from waist or hip for any activity. Always pivot feet and never twist body. |
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Definition
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Term
| IV equipment (report to the charge nurse if something is wrong) |
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Definition
-Nausea, vomiting, rapid breathing, or an increase in pulse rate.
-No solution passing from the bottle into the tubing.
-The plastic drip chamber is completely filled with solution.
-Blood appears in the tubing at the needle end.
-Most or all of the solution is gone.
-The needle has come out.
-Pain, tenderness, inflammation at the needle insertion site.
-The tubing becomes disconnected, and the patient is bleeding freely from the connection site. |
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Term
| The average heart rate for children |
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Definition
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Term
| NG tubes: rules for working with patients connected to mechanical suction machines |
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Definition
-Report any leakage in tube or suction system
-Never raise or open the drainage bag
-Never disconnect the tubing
-Immediately report any rapid increase in the amount of material being suctioned |
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Term
| Oxygen therapy *****Do not: |
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Definition
Transport a high-pressure cylinder unless secured in a cylinder cart
Allow a cylinder to stand free
Transport patients on a stretcher with a cylinder lying next to them
Place a cylinder near a source of heat
Contact with any combustible material causes oxygen to ignite, burn or explode! |
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Term
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Definition
| Used for patients requiring high flow rates or oxygen use over extended periods |
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Term
| Have a metal cap screwed onto the top of the cylinder to protect the valve from damage |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Used during patient transport or other short duration needs |
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Term
| Have a rectangular valve (without a handle), which has three holes on one side |
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Definition
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Term
| Transferring or positioning a patient with an IV |
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Definition
| -Never lower the bottle or bag below the level of the needle insertion when transferring or positioning the patient |
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Term
| -Radial artery, located at the thumb side of the wrist |
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Definition
| Taking pulse (the most convenient site) |
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Term
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Definition
| ·16 to 20 breaths per minute is normal. |
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Term
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Definition
| ·A high-flow mask that provides the most reliable and consistent oxygen enrichment |
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Term
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Definition
| ·Only oxygen mask that doesn’t require humidification |
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Term
| ·Has a hard plastic adapter with large “windows” on either side |
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Definition
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Term
| continuous chest compression CPR |
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Definition
·Chest compressions; no mouth-to-mouth breathing.
·CAB: Compressions, Airway, and Breathing
·CCC-CPR technique
·Call 911 or a code 3
·Position the patient on the floor
·Place one hand on top of the other
·Place the heel of the bottom hand in the center of the patient’s chest.
·With elbows locked, deliver forceful chest compressions at a rate of 100/min. |
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Term
| Scanning patients with colostomies or ileostomies |
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Definition
·Use clean technique. Wear gloves at all times.
·Gently remove the old appliance and clean the area around the stoma.
·Tape a folded gauze pad around the stoma to absorb any discharge and to protect the scanning surface during the examination.
·Flush contents of the old appliance into a toilet. Dispose of the old appliance in a plastic bag.
·Cleanse and dry the skin around the stoma before applying a new bag.
·Use sterile technique if scanning near open wounds.
·If scanning over the open wound, apply sterile gel to the area and cover it with a protective thin plastic film.
·Apply another layer of sterile gel to the top of the film to ensure an airless contact with the transducer and the scanning surface. |
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Term
| Using a barrier device to perform CPR |
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Definition
| ·Barrier devices are types of disposable airway equipment that prevent direct contact with a patient’s mouth and blood, secretions/excretions, and bodily fluids. |
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Term
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Definition
·Wash and disinfect hands before entering the room.
·Wear sterile gloves, gowns, and masks and discard them properly after attending to a patient.
·Cleanse ultrasound equipment and use sterile transducer covers and scanning media. |
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Term
| What is the optimal adult blood pressure? |
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Definition
| -less than 120/80 (120 indicating systolic pressure; 80 indicating diastolic pressure) |
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Term
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Definition
| -The National Patient Safety Goals to promote specific improvements in patient safety. |
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Term
| -Accredited health organizations are evaluated for continuous compliance with the requirements of NPSGs |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| use hand cleansing guidelines form CDC; use gloves and safe practices |
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Term
| -Identify patients correctly: |
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Definition
| (by name and date of birth) |
|
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Term
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Definition
| know location of emergency medicine cart and fire extinguishers |
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Term
| -Improve staff communication: |
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Definition
| quickly get important test results to the right staff person |
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Term
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Definition
| take extra care of patients taking blood thinners |
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Term
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Definition
| 2001: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) |
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Term
| ***If you are uncomfortable with observers: |
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Definition
-Tell the patient if there is not enough space for extra people in the room.
-Let observers know their presence hinders your concentration.
-Offer to call the observers into the examination room for their own “viewing” after the examination. |
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Term
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Definition
-Put patient information away after hours.
-Keep files out of sight of unauthorized personnel.
-File patient charts with names facing the wall.
-Set screensavers for the shortest time possible.
-Be sure conversations are not overheard by other patients.
-Remove patient identification from scans used for publication or presentation.
-Patients may request that students, medical personnel, or family members leave the room during the sonography examination. |
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Term
| Symptoms and causes of sudden cardiac arrest |
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Definition
·Strikes with little or no warning
·Commonly caused by ventricular fibrillation (VF)
·VF is dangerous because it cuts off blood supply to the brain and other vital organs.
·Can be treated successfully by applying electric shock (defibrillation) to the chest |
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Term
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Definition
-Disturbance in heart rhythm.
-Can be treated by applying electric shock to the chest |
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Term
| -Most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| -Considered dangerous because it cuts off crucial blood supply to the brain and other vital organs. |
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Term
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Definition
| pulse, temperature, Respiration, Blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
·Produced by the pumping action of the heart
·Highest when the heart contracts (systolic pressure)
·Lowest between beats, when the heart rests, (diastolic pressure) |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of beats per minute (bpm) |
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Term
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Definition
| any variation of the normal rhythm of the heart |
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Term
| abnormally rapid pulse rates (>100 bpm) |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormally slow pulse rates (<60 bpm) |
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Term
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Definition
| the interval between beats |
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Term
| The goal(s) of the Affordable Care Act |
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Definition
·Helps patients with pre-existing conditions gain and keep coverage
·Protects patients’ choice of doctors
·Ends lifetime limits on the care |
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Term
| average heart rate for kids |
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Definition
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Term
| 20-20-20 rules is for every 20 minutes of scanning, look 20 feet away, for 20 minutes |
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Definition
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Term
| which of the following is an effective communication skill? |
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Definition
all of the above
listening
observing
responding appropriately
calarifying |
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Term
| all of the following are the 3 R's of memory except |
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Definition
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Term
| form of thinking that involves drawing conclusions from facts and being able to recover and logically manipulate them to correlate with the clinical question at hand |
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Definition
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Term
| which of the following is not a stage of the grieving process? |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is a type of communication that usually consists of polite or friendly exchanges of factual of social information (chit chat) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the average value of arterial pressure for an adult? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which instrument is good for measuring blood pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| which is the best way to reduce eye strain |
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Definition
| 10 minute break every 2 hours |
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Term
| what is not a function of the musculoskeletal ultrasound? |
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Definition
| find out the source and severity of varicose veins |
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Term
| In which case is it appropriate to perform CPR? |
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Definition
| the patient has stopped breathing |
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Term
| All of the following are ways to enhance your learning except |
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Definition
| Rely on short term memory |
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Term
| A technique that can be effective in solving communication problems by reviewing the information, ensuring understanding and explaining the decisison |
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Definition
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Term
| Repetitive motion injury that is the most commonly reported nerve entrapment syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
| To remain compliant with HIPAA, sonographers should do all of the following except |
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Definition
| Set screen savers on computers for the longest time possible |
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Term
| In maslows basic needs pyramid, the highest level that is rarely achieved is |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal breathing is quiet, effortless, and regular in rhythm, it occurs at a rate of ______ breaths per minute in a normal adult |
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Definition
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Term
| _______________ is the final step of the grieving process |
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Definition
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Term
| _______________ occurs with inflammation of the small sac of fluid that cushions and lubricates an area between tendon and bone around a joint |
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Definition
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