Families:

Lemuridae, Cheirogaleidae, Lepilemuridae,

Indridae, Daubentoniidae, Lorisidae, Galagidae

-- africa origin

--radiated in madagascar

-- Rhinarium(wet,hairless skin surrounding nostrils)

-- Bicornate uterus(2 horns)

-- Epitheliochorial placenta (smaller neonates/body size than other suborder)

Infraorders:

Platyrrhini(New World) & Catarrhini(Old World), Family Tarsiidae

-- Africa, Central & South America

-- Hemochorial placenta (invasive)

-- Postorbital plate

-- Spatulate incisors

Suborders: Strepsirhini & Haplorhini

-- refined hand/digits

-- increased brain size w/ elaborate cerebral cortex

-- binocular/stereoscopic/color vision

-- long lived

-- slow repro rate, delayed sexual maturity

-- eat more fruit/veg & less meat

-- genereally sub-trop to tropical

-- bony post orbital bar

-- bundont(square)/brachyodont(low crown) cheekteeth

Dwarf & Mouse Lemurs

-- Fat-tailed Dwarf Lemurs hibernate up to 8 months

-- Mouse Lemurs can be found in densities of up to 700 per km²

- 4females/male found in pop. nuclei (surplus males on edge area)

Primate/Strepsirrhini/

Family Cheirogaleidae

-- Move like squirrel

-- Build leaf nests

-- 2 pairs of mammary glands(1 Inguinal & 1 Pectoral)

-- small primate (60g)

-- Less dependent on on olfaction signaling

-- Madagascar

True Lemurs

-- Ring-tail has cutaneous arm glands (Stink Fighting)

-- Bamboo Lemur able to consume large doses of cyanide in bamboo leaves

Primate/Strepsirrhini/

Family Lemuridae

-- Madagascar

-- Dental comb

-- some sexually dichromatic

-- large groups

-- Olfactory signaling (urine, anal & sternal glands)

Primate/Strepsirhini/

Family Lepilemuridae

-- Madagascar

-- Nocturnal, arboreal

-- Eat leaves/bark/fruit/flowers

-- Coprophagic

-- Metabolic rate 33% less than expected (due to poor quality diet)

-- Vertical leaps between trees

-- Pseudo-opposable thumb for gripping

-- Olfaction signaling

-- Vocal signaling

-- Mothers carry young in mouth while leaping

Primate/Strepsirrhini/

Family Indridae

-- vertical clinging & leaping

-- Bipedal terrestrial locomotion

Primate/Strepsirrhini/

Family Daubentoniidae

-- Monotypic

-- Madagascar

-- Elongated digits

-- Chisel Teeth

-- Insectivore

-- Endangered(habitat destruction)

Primate/Strepsirrhini/

Family Lorisidae

-- Africa, Asia, Phillipines

-- Short/absent tail

-- Thick wooly fur

-- Nocturnal & arboreal

-- Slow climbers

-- Opposable hands and feet

-- Scent marking

-- Vocalizations

-- Limited facial expressions

Primate/Strepsirrhini/

Family Galagidae

-- Fast bounding/leaping locomotion

-- 2nd toe modified into Toilet claw

-- Tooth comb formed from lower incisors and canines

-- Eats tree gum

-- Live in groups of up to 9

-- Urine marking & Vocalizations(whining hence name)

-- Body posturing/facial expression communication

-- Have 1-2 young but have 2-3 pairs of mammaries

-- Mother carries young in mouth

New World

Families:

- Cebidae

- Aotidae

- Pithecidae

- Atelidae

Old World

Families:

- Cercopithecidae

- Hylobatidae

- Hominidae

Primate/Haplorrhini/

Family Tarsiidae

-- Indonesia, Malay Archipelago & Philippines

-- Can rotate head 180 degrees

-- Eye bigger than brain

-- Color blind

-- Arboreal & Nocturnal

-- Carnivorous (insects, spiders, & lizards)

-- Vertical clinging and leaping

-- Form pairs & defend territories

-- Young ride on back or carried in mouth

Primate/Haplorrhini/Platyrrhini/

Family Cebidae

-- Smallest New World Primates

-- Eat leaves/fruit/flowers/buds & some eat insects/small animals

-- Mexico to South America

-- Threatened by habitat loss

Primate/Haplorrhini/Platyrrhini/Cebidae

Subfamily Cebinae

-- groups of 6-35

-- those from Venezuela known to use crushed millipedes as insect repellent

Primate/Haplorrhini/Platyrrhini/Cebidae/

Subfamily Callitrichinae

-- usually have fraternal twins (common placenta circulation results in chimarae)

-- Pelage is very colorful

-- Quadrupedal

-- Prehensile hands(no opposable thumbs)

-- Form pairs to groups up to 15

-- All eat insects/fruit

-- 

Primate/Haplorrhini/Platyrrhini/Cebidae/

Subfamily Callitrichinae

-- 2 females in group may breed, producing 1 yound, twice a year

-- young carried by everyone in the group

Primate/Haplorrhini/Platyrrhini/Cebidae/

Subfamily Callitrichinae

-- Smallest of Cebidae

-- May live whole life in one tree

Primate/Haplorrhini/Platyrrhini/Cebidae/

Subfamily Cebinae

-- Red-backed sp. of costa rica/panama most endangered primate in Central america OR is it just an introduced pet?

Primate/Haplorrhini/Platyrrhini/

Family Aotidae

-- Only truly nocturnal New World Monkey

-- Large eyes

-- Lack Tapetum lucidum

-- Color blind

-- Family groups

-- Male primary care giver

-- Territories defended by vocalizations/scent marking/aggressive behavior

-- Eat fruit/flowers/resins/insects/small invertebrates

Primate/Haplorrhini/Platyrrhini/

Family Pithecidae

-- Long lived (18-35)

-- Low repro rate

-- Threatened by habitat destruction/bushmeat hunting

Primate/Haplorrhini/Platyrrhini/

Family Pithecidae

-- Monogamous

-- Male assists with infant care

-- Live in family groups

-- Grooming and vocalizations maintain groups

-- Diurnal & Arboreal

-- Tail not prehensile

Primate/Haplorrhini/Platyrrhini/

Family Pithecidae

-- Sexual Dimorphism

-- Monogamous

-- 8 sp.

Primate/Haplorrhini/Platyrrhini

Family Atelidae

-- Threatened by habitat destruction

Primate/Haplorrhini/Platyrrhini/

Family Atelidae

-- 10 sp.

-- Long prehensile tails

-- Opposable hands

-- Loud territorial vocalizations(enlarged larynx)

-- 4-45 in group

-- Male may commit infanticide when they take over group

Primate/Haplorrhini/Platyrrhini/

Family Atelidae

-- 7 sp.

-- Long & thin limbs

-- Long highly prehensile tail

-- Groups up to 100 but usually less than 25

-- Hands, long and narrow and thumbs are reduced/absent

-- Males don't help raise offspring

-- Males philopatric while females disperse

Primate/Haplorrhini/Platyrrhini/

Family Atelidae

-- 2 sp.

-- Endangered

-- Largest New World Primate

-- Highly restricted ranges

-- Northern sp. is among rarest primates (400 left)

Primate/Haplorrhini/Catarrhini

Family Cercopithecidae

-- 123 sp.

-- largestest primate family

-- some have cheek pouches

-- Ischial callousities in some

-- Females exhibit perineal swelling when sexually receptive

-- Usually sexually dimorphic

-- Poor sense of smell

-- Upper incisors spoon shaped

-- Includes: Cercopithecinae & Colobinae subfamilies

Primate/Haplorrhini/Cercopithecidae

-- Mostly Africa

-- Cheek pouches

-- Ischial callousities

-- Sexual Dimorphism pornounced in some

-- quadrupedal

-- omnivorous

-- vocal/visual communication

Primate/Haplorrhini/Catarrhini/Cercopithecidae/

Subfamily Cercopithecinae

-- various species

Primate/Haplorrhini/Catarrhini/Cercopithecidae/

Subfamily Cercopithecinae

-- communicates thru semaphore-like facial movements(think air plane flag man)

Primate/Haplorrhini/Catarrhini/Cercopithecidae/

Subfamily Cercopithecinae

-- Males so large they must stay on ground but the rest like to climb

Primate/Haplorrhini/Catarrhini/Cercopithecidae/

Subfamily Cercopithecinae

-- Communicates thru red skin on eyes, chest, throat, and penis

-- Yawns= threat

Primate/Haplorrhini/Catarrhini/Cercopithecidae/

Subfamily Cercopithecinae