Term
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Definition
| Group Size. Ranging Patterns. Body size. Tooth Morphology. |
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Term
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Definition
| Digestion and Assimilation |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins; Fats; Carbohydrates; Vitamins; Minerals; Water |
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Term
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Definition
| Calcium for bones and teeth; Sodium for water balance; iodine for thyroid function |
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Term
| primates are typically___(in reference to diet) |
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Definition
| Generalists or specialists; ex. if you a fruit eater you are going to be a specialist since some plants are only available different times of the year. If you eat all types of species then your food doesnt change by the year. |
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Term
Folivery=?
Frugivory=?
Gramnivory=?
Insectivory=?
Gumnivory=? |
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Definition
Folivery- Leaf eaters (low quality food, toxins; abundant evenly distributed source)
Frugivory= Flesh eating (Competition, patchy dispersal in space an time; Tasty, brain food, source of sugar)
Insectivory= insect eating (small, hard to catch, chitin hard to digest; lots of energy in a small package)
Gramnivory=Seed eating (poisons, small, tough shells; fats/starches, proteins)
Gumnivory= tree eating (getting through bark, hanging on thick trunks; lots of water/trace elements, abundant, doesnt run out) |
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Term
| primates don't concentrate on one specialization |
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Definition
| most primates are omnivorous, generalists; eat across many tropic levels |
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Term
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Definition
| leaping (allows for use of discontiunous supports); quadrapedialism (walking on all fours); suspensory (swinging from branch to branch; Bipedialism (gibbons occasionally do this) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Arboreal-movement on continous branches.
2.terrestrial-movement on the ground
2. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Branchiation: spider monkeys
2.Climbing: chimpanzees
3.Bridging/clambering: oragutans |
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Term
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Definition
| simplest primative grouping pattern. found in most nocturnal animals. Female and child make up individual unit. no permanent mixed sex groups. females have choice of sex mate |
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Term
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Definition
| one male, one female, one offspring. rare. intense competition, fighting occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| one female with many males. males may participate in raising offspring. |
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Term
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Definition
| bisexual groups. many males and females and all their offspring. offspring migrate eventually. |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid social structure; females forage, males roam in groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| very rare; males and females only meet to mate. may not exist in primates |
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Term
| primate groups are always changing |
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Definition
| changes as individuals move out, changes with resource availability. |
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Term
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Definition
Morphologically: big ears, long legs
behaviorally: sociality |
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Term
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Definition
works on the individual level
works on the species level |
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Term
| Disadvantages to living in groups |
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Definition
1. competition (food, mates, assistance in rearing offspring)
2. bigger groups attract more predators
2. |
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Term
| advantages to group living |
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Definition
1.Improved access to food (helping locate food-memory, more to forage; hunting in packs; rushing out insects; related groups so to protect the passing on of their genetics)
2. Improved protection from predators( someone on the lookout, herding effect)
3.Access to mates (assistance in rearing offspring) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| set of rules how we name species |
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Term
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Definition
| concerned with realtionships btwn species and their relatedness. |
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Term
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Definition
| class mammalia; subclass eutheria; infraclass euarchontoglires; superorder haplorhini; infraorder anthropoidea; cohort catarhini; superfamily hominoidea; family hominidae; subfamily homininae; tribe hominini; subtribe hominina; genus homo; species sapiens |
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Term
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Definition
| all living groups and their decendents |
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Term
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Definition
| includes everything on our side of the split. no living desendents |
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Term
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Definition
| group of organisms that interbreed that are to produce viable offspring. (how do we access fossils, asexual organisms, or actual potential breeding |
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Term
| biological space time continuum |
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Definition
| variation in time and variation in space. evolution is time, ecology is space. |
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Term
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Definition
| species mate recognition system. if they sniff and mate then they are the same species. allows species to decide their own kind. |
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Term
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Definition
| subspecies are being split into species. naming species can protect them from endangerment. |
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Term
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Definition
| chi squared distribution idea. |
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Term
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Definition
| to choose the simplest model. little branching. want fewest steps since evolution isnt going to switch back and forth. is good. variation is important in evolution |
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Term
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Definition
| count and measure characteristics. no weight in importance of characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| what we will use. weighing of different characters to gauge relatedness. only look at derived characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| independently derived characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| dorsal fin on a shark or dolphin |
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Term
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Definition
| traits that evolve seperately but are developed parallel. |
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Term
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Definition
| to mock a poisonous or dangerous animal when you yourself are harmless. |
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Term
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Definition
| common characteristics derived from ancestral background. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| most commonly preserved. including cranium and mandible. |
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Term
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Definition
| protect brain, anchor teeth, receptor for senses (eyes, ears, nose) |
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Term
| 2 different parts of the cranium |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 4 different bones: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal |
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Term
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Definition
| frontal, maxillary, nasal bones, lacrimal bones, vomer bone, inferior conch, zygomatic bones |
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Term
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Definition
jaw elevators: masseter, medial pterygoid, temporalis
jaw depressors: lateral pterygoid, anterior digastric |
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Term
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Definition
| frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital |
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Term
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Definition
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