Term
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Definition
| dynamic measure of how much is made/produced per unit time (g/day) |
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Definition
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Definition
| organic matter synthesized from inorganic substances |
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Definition
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Definition
| producing organic matter from carbon dioxide and water using light energy |
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Definition
| CO2 + Water + Light --> Organic Matter + Oxygen |
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Term
| most common limiting factors |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
euphotic, disphotic, aphotic zones
photosynthetic active radiation (PAR): 400-700 nanometers
relative light intensity |
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Term
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Definition
phosphate/dissolved inorganic phosphorus
silicate
carbon: important/abundant
nitrogen (dissolved inorganic nitrogen): nitrate, ammonium, nitrate |
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Term
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Definition
| phytoplankton C:N:P = 106: 16: 1 |
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Definition
Father of Fertilizer Industry
1855 Liebig's law of minimum
trying to increase crop production but applies to marine systems
amount of primary production is limited by one of trace elements (N, P, Fe, Si) |
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Term
| Land/Ocean limiting factor |
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Definition
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| Fresh water limiting factor |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
runoff
wastewater treatment
burn biomass (atmosphere)
volcanic sediments |
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Definition
organic matter + O2 --> CO2 + NO3 + PO4+ H2O
remineralization, regeneration, degradation
consumes oxygen
produces carbon dioxide
regenerates nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria live on particles and change composition through decomposition (fecal pellets, planktonic tests) |
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Term
| Sverdup model of critical depth |
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Definition
photosynthesis decrease exponentially with depth due to decrease in light availability
respiration is unaffected by light and remains constant with depth
phytoplankton is mixed by turbulence and experiences different light intensities over times sometimes below compensation point |
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Term
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Definition
| depth at which photosynthesis of the total water column phytoplankton population equals their total respiration |
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Term
| main controls on primary production |
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Definition
photosynthetic light
dissolved inorganic nutrients
zooplankton grazing |
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Term
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Definition
nutrients are abundant due to vertical mixing
limited by sunlight: darkness for winter
partly covered by sea ice
zooplankton: cow
phytoplankton: grass
bump in fall: just enough light and zooplankton pop. decreases |
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Term
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Definition
phytoplankton peaks in april and fall
zooplankton increases after bloom
nutrients go down after bloom |
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Term
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Definition
constant no growth
due to lots of light/lack of nutrients
reeds are productive but don't follow this pattern
doesn't follow model |
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Term
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Definition
idea that phytoplankton grow in surface water, photosynthesize (atmospheric CO2), deposit CO2 into deep ocean if they sink below the thermocline
this regulates global temperature and gets rid of atmospheric pollution that has increased |
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Term
| efficacy of biological pump |
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Definition
5-15% make it past 100m
1% make it below 1000m
0.1% gets buried in deep ocean sediment
most of carbon is at surface
efficacy varies by different organism = changes of species of phytoplankton changes efficiency |
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Term
| algal primary productivity controls |
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Definition
temperature
light (solar angle/water mixing)
major nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, silica
zooplankton grazing
micronutrients: iron |
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Term
| micronutrients in algal primary productivity |
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Definition
iron makes phytoplankton grow more
minor nutrients: iron, zinc
John martin thought that iron was limiting phytoplankton growth: "Give me a tanker of iron and I will give you an ice age" |
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Term
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Definition
| high nutrient low chlorophyll |
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