Term
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Definition
| Discipline of medicine which deals with the accumulation & distribution of knowledge that advocates health promotion & disease prevention |
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Term
| Role of Preventive Medicine |
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Definition
- ID & evaluate pts lifestyle practices & behaviors that contribute to their inc. risk of dz, morbidity, & mortality
- Provide educational guidelines to improve our pts health & well being
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Term
| Examples of Lifestyle Factors |
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Definition
- Dietary habits
- Smoking/Tobacco use
- Exercise
- Substance abuse
- Occupational hazards
- Stressors
- Family Life
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Term
| Advantages to Preventive Medicine |
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Definition
- Inc. lifespan for individual
- Inc. quality of life for individual, family, society
- Inc. productivity for individual, family, society
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Term
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Definition
| Any behavioral, genetic, environmental or psychological component(s) that predispose an individual to the development of dz |
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Term
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Definition
| State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of an organism to respond effectively to the psychological, and environmental challenges of its surroundings |
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Term
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Definition
| Challenges which have a positive affect on an organisms physiological, psychological and environmental well being |
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Term
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Definition
| Challenges which have a negative affect on the organisms physiological, psychological and environmental well-being |
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Term
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Definition
- On-going level of demand for adaptation in an individual
This is a major contributor to many chronic dz
High allostatic load= high distress |
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Term
Satisfactory Functioning
(self assessment) |
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Definition
| Ability of individual to function in a manner acceptable to him/herself and to the group of which s/he is a part of (at work, home, etc.) |
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Term
| Physical Respones to stress |
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Definition
- Secretion of Catecholamines
- Inc. secretion of Cortisol
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Term
| Secretion of Catecholamines |
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Definition
- inc. BP
- inc. vasoconstriction
- inc. HR
- inc. O2 demand
- Inc. risk for CVA, MI, CAD
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Term
| Inc. secretion of Cortisol |
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Definition
- Inc. glucose level in blood
- Inc. lipolysis
- Inc. incidence of cataracts
- Dec. Ab production and impairs phagocytic performance
- Dec. calcium absorption from GI tract
- Inc. risk for DM, muscle atrophy, osteopenia, vision problems, infection
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Term
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Definition
-A measure of health status
- Avg number of years of life remaining at a given age
Women: 83; Men: 79 |
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Term
Natural History of Disease
-Disease & illness must be viewed as a dynamic process |
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Definition
Examples:
- Infectious cause: why causitive org. was present, why pt was exposed to org, why pt was not resistant to org.
- Non-infectious cause: risk factors & conditions which modify the risk factor(s)
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Term
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Definition
- Inflammatory, Neoplastic, Degenerative, Ischemic, Allergic, Nutritive
- Toxic, Obstructive, The family tree, Electrical/mechanical, Metabolic
- Psychogenic, Iatrogenic/Idiopathic
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Term
Levels of Prevention
Primary Prevention |
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Definition
- Keeps dz process from becoming established by eliminating causes of dz or inc. resistance to them (not letting dz process even happen)
Ex: vaccines, protective equip
-Uses health promotion & specific protection practices |
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Term
Levels of Prevention
Secondary Prevention |
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Definition
- Interrupts dz process before it becomes symptomatic (screening)
Ex: pap smears, lipid profiles, breast exams
-Uses presymptomatic dx & tx |
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Term
Levels of Prevention
Tertiary Prevention |
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Definition
- Limits physical & social consequences of symptomatic dz (treatment)
Ex: BP meds, hypoglycemic agents, behavior modification, rehabilitative modalities
-Limits extent of disability, rehabs late symptomatic dz
-Contains dz from getting worse & progressing |
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Term
4 Basic Strategies for HPDP
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Definition
- Understand your pts culture
- Understand your pts habits
- Learn what motivates your pt
- Be clear about your goals & directives, be patient with your pt and REWARD YOUR PT FOR POSITIVE ADVANCEMENTS
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Term
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Definition
- Fundamental medical science that focuses on distribution & determinants of disease frequency in human populations
- Examination of patterns of illness in a population & determination of why certain groups develop a particular dz and others do not
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Term
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Definition
| A sudden & great inc. in the occurence of a disease within a population (small area) |
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Term
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Definition
| A rapidly emerging outbreak of dz that affects a wide range of geographically distributed populations (large area) |
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Term
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Definition
| Monitoring the patterns of occurrence of a dz within a population |
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Term
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Definition
| Measurement of the rapidity of disease occurence |
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Term
| Risk Factors (related to epidemiology) |
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Definition
| Determinants of disease development, result in better understanding of pathways leading to dz acquisition and strategies for prevention |
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Term
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Definition
| likelihood of developing disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Percentage of pts with a dz who die within a specified observation period |
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Term
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Definition
| Characteristics that relate to the likelihood of survival |
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Term
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Definition
- Probability that a person who actually does not have the dz of interest will have a negative (normal) result
A test w/ a very low percentage of false-positive results is said to have a high specificity |
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Term
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Definition
- Probability that a person who actually has the dz of interest will have a positive (normal) test result
A test with a very low percentage of false-negative results is described as having high sensitivity |
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Term
Examples of Importance of Epidemiology
What term best describes the likelihood over ten years that an initially uninfected person will develop HTN? |
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Definition
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Examples of Importance of Epidemiology
What is the descriptor of the percentage of patients with an acute MI who dies within 10years of their initial dx?
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Definition
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Examples of Importance of Epidemiology
What is the best descriptor of the percentage of persons with an acute MI who are classified correctly by a diagnostic test, such as cardiac troponin T assay?
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Definition
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Term
Examples of Importance of Epidemiology
What is the best descriptor of the percentage of persons unaffected by an acute MI who are classified correctly by a diagnostic test, such as a cardiac troponin T assay?
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Definition
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Term
Examples of Importance of Epidemiology
What is the best descriptor of a sudden unexpected rise in the frequency of occurrence of acute MI in a community?
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Definition
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