Term
George Washington
(1789-1797) |
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Definition
| 1st President
Supported the 1st Bank of the United States
Served 2 Terms
1794
Whiskey Rebellion over excise tax in western Pennsylvania. Federal troops called to suppress the armed rebellion.
1795 - Jay Treaty ratified (Brit troops required to withdraw from U.S.)
Pinckney's Treaty with Spain opened navigation on Mississippi River.
1796
Washington delivered his Farewell Address. |
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Term
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Definition
| Federalist
Served 1 Term
1797
Three anonymous French trouble makers brought France and the U.S. to the brink of war in what became known as the XYZ Affair.
1798
Federalists support Alien and Sedition Acts. They would later be repealed.
1800
U.S. capital relocated to Washington, D.C. from Philadelphia.
Congress established Library of Congress. |
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Term
Thomas Jefferson
(1801-1809) |
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Definition
| Democratic-Republican (Jeffersonian)
Wanted Small Military
Served 2 Terms
1803
Supreme Court ruled in Marbury v. Madison (=judicial review)
Louisiana Purchase (from France for $15 million = 3 cents per acre for the 512 million acres)
1804
12th Amendment changed Presidential election rules.
Jefferson reelected.
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark began exploration of the Northwest.
Vice President Aaron Burr kills Alexander Hamilton in a duel July 11.
1807
Congress outlaws importing slaves from Africa, March 2.
Embargo Act, December 22, forbids American ships to leave American waters.
1808
Slave importation outlawed. Yet, another 1/4 million brought in by 1860.
1809
Non-Intercourse Act, March 1, repeals the Embargo Act, which didn't work. |
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Term
James Madison
(1809-1817) |
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Definition
| Democratic-Republican
Macon’s Bill No. 2
War of 1812 – Treaty of Ghent (1814)
Tariff of 1816
Rejected Nationally-Funded Roads
Served 2 Terms
1811
Madison allows 20-year charter of Bank of the United States to lapse.
William Henry Harrison fought Indians led by Chief Tecumseh at Tippecanoe, near Indianapolis, November 7.
1812
War declared on England on June 18 after England continued to attack U.S. ships headed to France.
Madison reelected.
1814
City of Washington captured and burned by British, August 24.
*Francis Scott Key* observed flag over Fort McHenry at Baltimore, September 14, inspiring him to write "The Star-Spangled Banner".
Treaty of Ghent ended War of 1812 on December 24, but fighting continued.
1815
Andrew Jackson defeated British at New Orleans January 8, after war ended.
1816
Second Bank of the United States chartered, April 10. |
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Term
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Definition
| Democratic-Republican
“Era of Good Feelings”
Panic of 1819
Missouri Compromise
Monroe Doctrine
Served 2 Terms
1818
Anglo-American Conventionset the 49th parallel as the border with Canada.
1819
Florida ceded by Spain to the United States on February 22. In exchange the U.S. cancelled $5 million in Spanish debts.
1820
The Missouri Compromise, forbade slavery above 36 degrees 30 minutes latitude.
Monroe reelected.
1823
On December 2, Monroe Doctrine delivered to Congress. |
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Term
John Quincy Adams
(1825-1829) |
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Definition
| Democrat *
Strong Nationalist
Opposed Slavery
Supported the building of nationally-funded roads and canals
Served 1 Term
1825
The appointment of Henry Clay as secretary of state, led to charges that the Clay and Adams made a bargain in the election of 1824.
Erie Canal completed.
1828
Baltimore & Ohio railroad, the first designed for passengers and freight. |
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Term
Andrew Jackson
(1829-1837) |
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Definition
| Democrat
“Bank War”
Panic of 1837
Trail of Tears
Common Man
Spoils System
Served 2 Terms
1829
Spoils system
1830
Jackson authorizes *Indian Removal Act of 1830*.
1832
Jackson vetoed the rechartering of 2nd Bank leading to the creation of the Whig Party.
South Carolina attempted to nullify federal tariff laws. Federal troops sent to South Carolina on December 10.
1836
6000 Mexicans defeated 190 Americans in 12 days at the Alamo on March 6.
The *Specie Circular* ordered that gold and silver were the only currency acceptable for the purchase of federal lands
1835
Jackson signs Treaty of New Echota with unrecognized leaders of Cherokee Nation, which allows him to force the Cherokees to move to land in what is now Oklahoma. 4,000 Native Americans die on this journey, also known as the Trail of Tears. |
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Term
Martin Van Buren
(1837-1841) |
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Definition
| Democratic
Divorce Bill
Independent Treasury Bill
His delayed actions to end the Panic of 1837 caused the economic downturn to continue for many years.
Served 1 Term
1837
Banks closed in Philadelphia and New York City on May 10. This was the beginning of the Panic of 1837. The depression that followed would last throughout Van Buren's term.
1838
Continuation of forced relocation of the Cherokee people, which started under Andrew Jackson. 4,000 Native Americans die on the journey known as the Trail of Tears. |
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Term
William Henry Harrison
(1841) |
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Definition
| Whig
Died in Office on April 4, 1841
Served 1 Term**
1841
Delivered the longest inaugural address on March 4. It was an extremely cold day and Harrison did not wear a hat while delivering the 105 minute speech. He contracted pneumonia and died in the White House one month later. |
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Term
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Definition
Whig
Democrat at Heart
Vetoes Bank of United States
Lowered Tariff
Served 1 Term |
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Term
| James K. Polk (1845-1849) |
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Definition
Democrat
Oregon Country w/Britain
Mexican-American War
Served 1 Term |
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Term
Zachary Taylor
(1849-1850) |
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Definition
Whig
Underground Railroad
Gold Rush
Congressional Debate of 1850
Died in Office on July 9, 1850
Served 1 Term** |
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Term
Millard Fillmore
(1850-1853) |
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Definition
Whig
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive-Slave Law of 1850
“2nd Era of Good Feelings”
Served 1 Term |
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Term
Franklin Pierce
(1853-1857) |
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Definition
Democrat
Cuba/Nicaragua
Transcontinental Railroad
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Lecompton Constitution w/Kansas
Served 1 Term |
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Term
James Buchanan
(1857-1861) |
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Definition
Democrat
Dred Scott Case
Panic of 1857
John Brown
Served 1 Term |
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Term
Abraham Lincoln
(1861-1865) |
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Definition
Republican
Civil War
Emancipation Proclamation
Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 at Ford’s Theater
Served 2 Terms |
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Term
Andrew Johnson
(1865-1869) |
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Definition
Democrat
Reconstruction
Clashes with Congress
Impeached
1 Vote Shy of Being Removed from Office
Served 1 Term |
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Term
Ulysses S. Grant
(1869-1877) |
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Definition
Republican
Political Corruption
Credit Mobilier Scandal
Panic of 1873
Served 2 Terms |
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Term
Rutherford B. Hayes
(1877-1881) |
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Definition
Republican
Hayes-Tilden Standoff
Electoral Count Act (Compromise of 1877)
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Jim Crow Laws
Served 1 Term |
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Term
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Definition
Republican
Assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau on September 19, 1881
Served 1 Term |
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Term
Chester A. Arthur
(1881-1884) |
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Definition
Republican
Pendleton Act of 1883
Attempted to stop political corruption
Civil Service Commission
Served 1 Term |
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Term
Grover Cleveland
(1885-1889) |
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Definition
Democrat
Proposed a lower tariff to Congress to bring lower prices to consumers-cost he and his party the next election
Served 1 Term |
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Term
Benjamin Harrison
(1889-1893) |
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Definition
Republican
Billion-Dollar Congress
McKinley Tariff Act of 1890
Discredited Republican Party
McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 – brought more economic troubles to farmers
Sherman Silver Act Purchase of 1890 – precursor to the Panic of 1893
Depreciated the value of silver due to the drastic rise of silver in circulation.
Served 1 Term |
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Term
Grover Cleveland
(1893-1897) |
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Definition
Democrat
Panic of 1893
Sherman Silver Act Purchase of 1890
Anti-imperialist
Served 1 Term |
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Term
William McKinley
(1897-1901) |
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Definition
Republican
Gold Standard Act of 1900
Imperialist
Annexation of Hawaii
Assassinated by a deranged anarchist on September 14, 1901
Served 1 Term |
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