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| was the first woman appointed to the U.S Cabinet. She served under FDR as Secretary of Labor, where she dealt with issues of unemployment and immigration, and was a principal architect of FDR’s New Deal programs, including but not limited to the Civilian Conservation Corps, Social Security Act, and the National Industrial Recovery Act. |
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| Not actually a constitutional change to the Bill of Rights, but rather a set of eight “rights” set out by FDR in his State of the Union address in 1944. They include the right to employment, food and clothing, farmer’s rights to fair income, freedom from monopolies, housing, medical care, education, and social security. |
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| following his loss to Woodrow Wilson in the 1916 election, he was appointed to the Supreme Court by Herbert Hoover and then sworn in as Chief Justice by FDR. He was known for being a swing voter on New Deal legislation, but voted in favor of the Wagner Act and Social Security Act. |
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| also known as the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, was signed into law by FDR. It drafted all American men between the ages of 21 and 35, and was the first peacetime conscription in US history. |
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| were a series of radio broadcasts by FDR throughout his presidency, where he informally addressed the American people on a variety of topics ranging from the Depression, New Deal legislation, and World War II. Millions of Americans found comfort and renewed confidence in FDR’s calm, assured addresses. |
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| US v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corporation |
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| was a Supreme Court case that found the CWEC to have violated FDR’s embargo on sales to South America. SCOTUS ruled, in broad language, that the president has plenary power in foreign affairs that were not delegated to Congress, which was an expressed increase in the power of the executive branch. |
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| Tennessee Valley Authority |
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| was a government agency established in 1933 by FDR. TVA sought to control flooding in the Tennessee River valley, make navigation easier, raise the standard of farmer living, and produce hydroelectric power. TVA was an early instance of government natural-resource planning. |
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| was a Republican picked by FDR to serve as his Secretary of War in 1940, which helped create a unified national government in a time of crisis. Stimson oversaw the training of millions of soldiers for WWII, the internment of Japanese Americans, and eventually oversaw the Manhattan Project and the creation of the atomic bomb. |
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| National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) |
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| was part of FDR’s New Deal acts, passed in 1933. It tried to revive industry through the Public Works Administration, and set codes for businesses through the National Recovery Administration. Supreme Court eventually ruled NIRA unconstitutional in the Schecter Poultry Corp vs US case. |
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| was a presidential adviser to Woodrow Wilson. Although he did not serve in the Cabinet, he was close to Woodrow Wilson and advised him primarily on foreign affairs, particularly in Europe. Their relationship ended when House ceded on Wilson’s Fourteen Points in the face of British and French opposition. |
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| was passed in 1941 by FDR, which allowed the US to provide aid to any country who the president deemed necessary in the defense of the US. It effectively ended the pretense of US neutrality in WWII as they provided aid to Great Britain, and later the USSR. |
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| also known as the Smith Act, was passed by FDR in 1940. It set penalties for advocating the overthrow of the US government and served as the basis for the incarceration of anarchists, communists, etc in the future. |
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| became Edith Wilson when she married Woodrow Wilson. Following his stroke in 1919, Edith determined what to bring to Woodrow’s attention and de facto ran the executive branch for her husband. |
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| Schecter Poultry Corp vs. US |
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| was the case where SCOTUS cited doctrine of nondelegation and commerce clause of constitution to invalidate the regulation of the poultry industry under National Industrial Recovery Act of FDR’s New Deal, which in turn made NIRA unconstitutional. |
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| refers to a group of WWI veterans who marched on Washington to persuade them to pay them their promised bonuses. Herbert Hoover refused to pay them, marchers camped in a “Hooverville” to protest, and Hoover commanded the army to evict them, which did not win him any popularity points with the US public. |
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| was a government agency established under FDR to organize the internment (relocation and detention) of Japanese Americans in World War II |
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| was a proposed Constitutional amendment that called for a national referendum on any declarations of war by Congress, except in cases where the US was attacked first. It was particularly popular among isolationists, but opposed by FDR because he deemed it impractical and an infringement on executive rights to conduct foreign affairs. |
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| served as Secretary of Agriculture from 1933-1940 under FDR. His leadership sought to relieve farmers who had suffered under the Great Depression. |
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| were a diplomatic measure put forward by Woodrow Wilson to end World War I, promising world order, but was resisted by the US Senate and European leaders. |
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| was appointed the first chief of the US Forest Service under Theodore Roosevelt. Together, they expanded Federal acquisition of woodlands and created more than double the national parks of TR’s predecessors combined. |
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| was appointed to the Supreme Court by Woodrow Wilson. Brandeis was anti-trust, anti-monopoly, and a supporter of regulating large corporations; he played an instrumental role in the creation of Federal Reserve Act, Federal Trade Commission, etc. |
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| passed by Theodore Roosevelt, established archeological sites on public lands as valuable public resources. TR often invoked this act to circumvent Congress and declare an area a “national monument” instead of having an area declared a national park through Congress |
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| was the foremost non-interventionist pressure group against the American entry into World War II, outspokenly against FDR, and included popular figures like Charles Lindbergh. Sentiment persisted until the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. |
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| was an influential writer, reporter, and political commentator. Woodrow Wilson asked him to be on the board of inquiry to prepare materials for post-WWI peace negotiations, which would eventually lead to Wilson’s Fourteen Points. |
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| was a symbol of businesses that were in compliance with the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), a part of FDR’s New Deal programs. The Blue Eagle became the symbol of industrial recovery, until NIRA was deemed unconstitutional in 1935. |
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| was a progressive journalist from Kansas who wrote favorably of Theodore Roosevelt. The two developed a friendship, and WAW helped TR run under the Progressive “Bull Moose” Party. |
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| refers to Woodrow Wilson’s speech to the Senate in 1917 urging them to consider acting as a peacemaker between European states and apply its power to prevent a war on such a large scale from ever happening again. The US declared war on Germany two months later. |
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| was the Secretary of the Interior under President Harding. He convinced the Secretary of the Navy to transfer responsibility of Navy oil reserves to the department of the Interior, and then let his friends in the oil business drill without open bidding; this incident is called the Teapot Dome scandal. |
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| given by FDR where he suggested the US “quarantine the aggressor” nations (Germany, Italy, Japan), implying they were sick with fascism. It showed FDR’s desire to shift from isolationism and neutrality to interfering by isolating the aggressive nations, but was short of declaring war. |
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| scandal that happened under William Harding, where naval oil reserves were transferred to the Dept. of the Interior, where Albert Fall accepted a bribe to let his oil friends drill without an open bid. |
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