Term
| A novice nurse is sharing a newly published research article which outlines a different approach in preventing a wound infection after surgery with a colleague and states the nurse is going to try this new method. Which is the best response from the colleague? |
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Definition
| Wait until the method is analyzed to ensure it will be appropriate for their clients. |
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Term
| For which research activity is a phenomenological research method most appropriate? |
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Definition
| Attempting to understand immigrants' experiences of being hospital clients when they do not speak the dominant language |
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Term
| A nursing theorist examines a hospital environment by studying each ward and how it works individually, and then relates this information to the hospital as a whole working entity. This is an example of the use of which theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact regarding acquiring funding? |
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Definition
| National Institute of Nursing Research |
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Term
| Who is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nursing activity forms the bridge between theory and practice? |
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Definition
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Term
| A nurse develops the following foreground question using the PICOT format in preparation for a research study: "In overweight clients, how do chromium supplements compared to no supplements help with weight loss?" Which part of the question reflects the intervention? |
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Definition
Chromium supplements
In this question, the intervention (I) would be the use of chromium supplements. The population (P) would be overweight clients. The comparison (C) would be no supplements. The outcome (O) would be weight loss. The T is for time, which is not reflected in this scenario. |
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Term
| Which theory emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which activity best helps the nurse apply theory to practice? |
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Definition
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Term
| A nurse who works in a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. These assessments are based on the work of: |
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Definition
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Term
| A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study and uses the PICO format to develop the foreground question which is: "In adults, does reducing salt intake, compared to no change in salt intake, lower blood pressure?" The nurse identifies the "P" as: |
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Definition
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Term
| A nurse researcher must decide on the method for conducting the research. The researcher that plans to emphasize collection of numerical data and analysis would select which method of research? |
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Definition
Quantitative research
Quantitative research utilizes numerical values and statistical analysis of data. |
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Term
| Which is a focus of medical research rather than nursing research? |
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Definition
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Term
| A nurse is developing a foreground question for nursing research using the PICO model. Which component would be represented by the statement, "a 45-year-old male with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation"? |
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Definition
P
When using PICO, the "P" stands for the patient or problem and its delineation. The "I" signifies the intervention considered; "C" denotes comparison if appropriate, or it may be optional; and "O" represents the outcome of interest or relevant outcomes. |
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Term
| A nurse researcher develops a foreground question in preparation for conducting a research study. The question is: "In clients with intravenous catheters, how does replacing administration sets every 72 hours (h) compared with other frequent intervals (24h, 48h, or 96h) decrease infection rates?" Applying the PICO framework, which part of the statement reflects the "O"? |
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Definition
Decrease infection rates
The "O" of PICO indicates the outcome, which in this instance is "decrease infection rates." The "P" refers to patients, who in this case have intravenous catheters; "I" refers intervention, which in this case is replacing the administration set every 72 hours; "C" refers to comparison or control group, which in this case is those who have the administration set replaced at other frequencies. |
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Term
| Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and: |
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Definition
| use of outcome studies to guide decisions. |
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Term
| Which theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice? |
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Definition
Nursing theory
Nursing theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice. Systems theory describes how parts interact together. Adaptation theory describes adjustment of living things to other living things and the environment. Developmental theory describes maturation of humans through stages. |
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Term
| When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process? |
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Definition
Evaluating practice change
The fifth and final step in the process of implementing evidence-based practice is to evaluate and critically appraise the change in practice. Formulating a clinical question and searching and appraising the literature precede th |
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Term
| Which could be considered an example of a qualitative research project? |
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Definition
| A PhD nursing student is collecting data on how Somali immigrants perceive the care they receive in one community clinic. The nursing student is taping and analyzing interviews with clients that have been in the country and community 2 years or less and who have sought care at least once at this clinic. |
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Term
| A nurse is reviewing a qualitative research study. Which aspects of this type of study would the nurse need to keep in mind? Select all that apply. |
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Definition
Control or manipulation is rarely used.
Reality is not viewed as a fixed entity.
Intuition is used for analysis.
Qualitative research involves seeing reality not as a fixed entity but as existing in a context with the researcher rarely controlling or manipulating any aspect of the people/environment under study. Subjective interactions are viewed as the primary way to access understanding of the phenomena and intuition is used for analysis. Objectivity and control of biases are aspects of quantitative research. |
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Term
| A nurse working in a long-established hospital learned a specific approach to administering intravenous injections from the previous generation of nurses at the hospital. This is an example of which type of knowledge? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nurses in an ICU noticed that their clients required fewer interventions for pain when the ICU was quiet. They then asked a researcher to design a study about the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized clients. How does this demonstrate the ultimate goal of expanding the nursing body of knowledge? |
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Definition
| Nursing research helps improve ways to promote and maintain health. |
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Term
| The focus of nursing is always on which of the four common concepts in nursing theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which element will the "O" in the team's PICO question refer to? |
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Definition
| Preventing skin breakdown |
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Term
| What is a conceptual framework? |
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Definition
| A group of interrelated objects that follow a pattern |
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Term
| A nurse researcher is examining the cause-and-effect relationship between the consumption of tap water containing minimal amounts of bleach, and the incidence of cancer in rats. The research is taking place in a laboratory setting. What type of quantitative research is being used based upon this description? |
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Definition
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Term
| One of the primary reasons for conducting nursing research is to: |
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Definition
| generate knowledge to guide practice. |
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Term
| A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My grandmother always told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and: |
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Definition
| use of outcome studies to guide decisions. |
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Term
| A nurse researcher is planning to test the effect of a breathing exercise on older adults' stamina. What type of research study should the nurse conduct? |
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Definition
Quantitative
Stamina would be measured quantitatively, likely in the form of time or distance. As such, this is quantitative research. Qualitative research is focused on narratives and interviews, not numbers. Holism is a characteristic of nursing research in general, as opposed ot a type of research. Ordinal refers to ranking and is not a type of research. |
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Term
| A nurse researcher who plans to collect and analyze data for the purpose of creating a new theory should select which type of research? |
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Definition
Basic research
Basic research is used to generate or refine theory. Applied research is used to improve clinical practice. Qualitative research uses words or narrative for data rather than numbers. Quantitative research uses numerical values and statistical analysis of data. |
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Term
| Which is the best example of evidence-based nursing practice? |
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Definition
| Recommending ginger to alleviate nausea and vomiting in obstetric clients based on a literature review |
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Term
| A nurse is reading a research article from a nursing journal. The nurse is aware that the opening paragraph summarizing the article and the research findings is a good place to start. What part of the article is the nurse reading? |
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Definition
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Term
| When a researcher begins to form plans for a research project, the researcher must decide on the method for conducting the research. The nurse researcher that plans to emphasize collection of narrative data and the analyses would select which of the following methods of research? |
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Definition
Qualitative research
Qualitative research utilizes words or narrative for data, rather than numbers. Quantitative research utilizes numerical values and statistical analysis of data. Basic research is utilized to generate or refine theory. Applied research is utilized for its application in clinical practice. The stem of the question did not provide information as to the application of the study. |
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Term
| A community health nurse has been visiting a diabetic client whose morning fasting glucose levels are constantly elevated. Upon further assessment, the nurse determines that the client’s spouse does not understand how to prepare meals following the prescribed diabetic diet. Using Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory, how can the nurse help meet the needs of this client? |
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Definition
| Arrange an evaluation appointment with a dietitian. |
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Term
| When describing how to formulate a hypothesis, which item would a nurse researcher identify as the focus of the study? |
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Definition
Variables
Variables, or the properties that vary from each other, are the focus of the study. It is these variables that are evaluated to arrive at the outcome. A research problem must be testable — that is, measured by qualitative or quantitative methods. However, testability is not the focus of the hypothesis. Evidence-based practice is the outcome of translational research, the bridge between theory and practice. |
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Term
| Which type of quantitative research will examine cause-and-effect relationships between selected variables? |
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Definition
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Term
| A nurse observes that the past five clients referred from a community clinic have been treated for drug and/or alcohol overdose. Based on this information, the nurse assumes that the clinic specializes in the treatment of substance use. This is an example of what type of reasoning? |
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Definition
Inductive reasoning
Inductive theory describes how to break whole things into parts and then to learn how the parts work together in "systems." |
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Term
| A nurse is completing a family assessment during a routine home health visit. The parents have a child with special needs, along with six other children, and the older siblings help out with the younger. Which theory would best help the nurse understand this family's functioning? |
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Definition
General Systems Theory
Systems theory is described as studying relationships between a whole and identifying how parts interact and behave. This family has adjusted to the size and configuration of the family with a special needs child by manipulating the individual roles of the family members. y |
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Term
| A nurse researcher is collecting nominal data. What type of research is being conducted? |
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Definition
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Term
| The perinatal nurse researcher has identified a problem related to fathers' perceptions of helplessness while their partner is in labor. Following the identification of this researchable problem, what should the nurse do? |
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Definition
| Review the existing literature relevant to the problem |
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Term
| What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered? |
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Definition
| Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care. |
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Term
| The second step in implementation of evidence-based practice includes systematic review. To complete a systematic review of the literature, what must the nurse do? |
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Definition
| Summarize findings from multiple studies that are related to a particular nursing practice. |
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Term
| To ensure that a research study is ethical, a nurse researcher must observe which human rights for participants? Select all that apply. |
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Definition
Self-determinism
Privacy
Anonymity
Fair treatment |
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Term
| What was the focus of nursing research during the first half of the twentieth century,? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which criterion is not used for critically evaluating websites when doing a literature review? |
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Definition
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Term
| A nurse is reviewing nursing theory for usefulness in a home healthcare setting. Which is the appropriate application of Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Model in a home healthcare setting? |
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Definition
| Match the client’s self-care needs with appropriate supportive interventions. |
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Term
| A group of concepts and the relationships among them is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which events in the history of nursing research occurred in the 1970s and 1980s? Select all that apply. |
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Definition
Research was focused on clinical practice, including clinical interventions.
Primary client care led to research investigating outcomes and quality of care.
The nursing process was studied.
Concerns of nursing education involved student-learning experiences and clinical evaluation. |
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Term
| The process of considering an idea as a whole and then dividing it into smaller, more specific ideas is which? |
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Definition
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Term
| A conceptual framework is defined as: |
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Definition
| a set of concepts and propositions. |
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Term
| The statement, "More frequent handwashing will significantly lower the rate of infection in hospitalized clients," is an example of what research component? |
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Definition
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Term
| In order for the nurse to be able to apply the knowledge that has been obtained in the formal education process, which theory would best break whole concepts into parts and then determine how the parts would work together as a whole? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is most similar to a nursing model? |
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Definition
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Term
| A nurse researcher is examining the cause-and-effect relationship between the consumption of tap water containing minimal amounts of bleach, and the incidence of cancer in rats. The research is taking place in a laboratory setting. What type of quantitative research is being used based upon this description? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a nurse describes a study of people and the nursing profession including studies of education, policy development, ethics, and nursing history, then what is the nurse defining? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which aspect of the nursing research process addresses a client's understanding of the potential risks and benefits of the study? |
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Definition
| Undergoing the informed consent process with the client |
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Term
| The nurse researcher would like to gather data about the attitudes of young adults on spirituality and health care. What is the most effective form of research on this topic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Information is collected for analysis in both quantitative and qualitative research. What is the information called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Knowledge gained from someone with a great deal of perceived experience is which type of knowledge? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which activity systematically inquires about the problems encountered in nursing practice and into the modalities of client care? |
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Definition
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Term
| The nurse is preparing to submit a research project to the institutional review board (IRB). The nurse understands that if the IRB were to reject the research project, it would most likely be for which reason? |
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Definition
| The project lacks sufficient safeguards to protect human subjects. |
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Term
| A nursing theorist studies health care systems in communities. Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of these systems? |
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Definition
| Boundaries separate health care systems both from each other and from the environment. |
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Term
| When following evidence-based practice, a nurse's actions are based on which sources of information? (Select all that apply.) |
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Definition
Published research
National standards
National guidelines
Targeted literature |
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Term
| A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study using the qualitative method. When conducting the research, which characteristics would be included? Select all that apply. |
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Definition
The data collected would primarily be subjective.
The approach would be holistic. |
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Term
| The nurse is reading about nursing theorists for a class. The theory reveals the following, “Individuals who use self-care to sustain life and health, to recover from disease or injury, or to cope with its effects.” Which individual developed this theory? |
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Definition
Dorothea Orem
Dorothea Orem wrote the Self-care theory, referring to individuals using self-care to sustain life and health, recover from disease or injury, or cope with its effects. Sister Callista Roy, Virginia Henderson, and Florence Nightingale wrote other theories. |
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Term
| The nurse researcher is studying the effects of guided imagery on clients' anxiety levels. In this study, guided imagery is which type of variable? |
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Definition
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Term
| A nursing theory differs from a theoretical framework in which way? |
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Definition
| Concepts and propositions are more specific |
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Term
| If a nurse describes a study of people and the nursing profession including studies of education, policy development, ethics, and nursing history, then what is the nurse defining? |
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Definition
Design a question related to a clinical area of interest.
Collect the most relevant and best evidence available.
Critically evaluate the collected evidence.
Integrate the evidence with clinical expertise, client preferences, and values as the decision is made to make a change.
Evaluate the decision or change. |
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