Term
| Spanish-American War - when did it start and what happened to start it. |
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Definition
| 1898, the war was started by the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba. We blamed the Spanish for it, though it was an accident (as far as we know). |
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Term
| What was the goal of the Spanish-American War and when did it end and how? |
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Definition
| To gain an empire and help Cuba become free of Spain. The war was ended less than a year later by the Treaty of Paris (yes, another one!) The U.S. gained Puerto Rico (still a U.S. Territory), the Philipeans, islands near Asia, now an independent country, Guam, now an independent country, and others. Also, Cuba became free of Spain, but we maintained a great deal of control over Cuba. |
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Term
| Name two presidents involved in the Spanish-American War. |
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Definition
| McKinley (he was president during the War), Theodore Roosevelt (who became nationally famous fighting it). |
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Term
| Name a U.S. law passed just after the Spanish-American War which limited newly independent Cuba's ability to make it's own decisions without the U.S. approving them. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four periods of Cuba's history so far? |
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Definition
1. Native Americans doing their own thing.
2. 1492 - 1898 - Spanish colony, ended by the Spanish-American War.
3. 1898 - 1959 - U.S.-friendly government. The govt was thrown out by a revolution in 1959.
4. 1959 - present - U.S. un-friendly government - communist government. This govt was overthrown in ha! Tricked you! It wasn't overthrown. |
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Term
| A group of cavalry soldiers assembled, commanded and paid for by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War. They and he became famous in their charge up San Juan Hill in Cuba. They took out a Spanish machine-gun nest, saving a number of American and Cuban soldiers. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which brothers flew the first manned airplane -- in what ear and where? |
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Definition
| The Wright Brothers, in 1903, Orville and Wilbut Wright invented the first real airplane and flew the first real airplane flight. Previously, people had flown in hot air balloons and gliders. This was the first powered, with an engine, manned plane flight. It happened in Kitty Hawk, NC. |
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Term
| A manmade waterway connecting two natural bodies of water. The two most important ones of these in the world today are the Suez, which connects the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea and saves you from sailing all the way around Africa, and the Panama, which connects the Atlantic Ocean to the PAcific Ocean across Central America. Panama saves you from sailing around South America. The Suez came first. |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the Panama Canal construction begin and what is its history? |
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Definition
| During TRs administration. Back then, there was no country of Panama. We offered Columbia money if they let us build the canal and they said no. So TR told his people to find angry people in northern Columbia and give them money and weapons to start a revolution if they agreed to let us build the canal after they won. They agreed. They won, we built the canal. It took ten years, though the U.S. ran it for many years after it was built, today Panama controls its canal. |
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Term
| Which president was involved in filing a court suit accusing J.P. Morgan and others of having a monopoly on railroads in the northern half of the country. The Supreme Court agreed and Morgan lost. This president also took on John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company, accusing it of being a trust and forcing it to break up. This earned him a reputation as a "trust breaker." A friend of the common man, an enemy of big business. Who was this president? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was Roosevelt's extension of the Monroe Doctrine called? |
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Definition
| The Roosevelt Corollary and Big Stick Diplomacy (it starts to position the U.S. as the world's policeman and extends the U.S.' potential interests beyond the western hemisphere to the whole world. |
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Term
| What was Taft's variation on the Monroe Doctrine called? |
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Definition
| Dollar Diplomacy. In it, he encourages U.S> bankers to lend to other countries, especially in Central and South America in order to like us and to listen to us. |
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Term
| What is an agreement between countries that if one of them is attacked, the other will come to its aid? |
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Definition
| mutual protection pact (now only $5.99) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What was WWI called at the time? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand. It started in Europe first and the U.S. did not get involved until 1917. The two sides were the Allies, which included France, England, and others; and the Central Powers (not our side), which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and others. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Treaty of Versailles. |
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Term
| Who was president during WWI. |
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Definition
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Term
| List three new technologies first used effectively in WWI. |
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Definition
1. Submarines
2. Airplanes
3. Tanks
4. Chemical warfare: Mustard gas and other deadly gasses were used by both sides. |
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Term
| list three things that convinced America to enter WWI. |
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Definition
1. Germany declares unrestricted submarine warfare against ships going in and out of England.
2. The sinking of the English ship, the Lusitania, which had a number of Americans on board. Germans claimed that even though the Lusitania was a passenger ship, that it was carrying weapons. England said it wasn't and today we know that it was. (1915)
3. The Zimmerman telegram was a telegram from Germany to Mexico. Germany asked Mexico to attack the U.S. so we would be distracted and not enter the war. Germany said in return that when Germany won, they would give Mexico back the land we'd taken in the MExican War. England intercepted the telegram and it was published in the papers. This happened in 1917. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| D-Day was the largest military operation in WWII, possibly in the history of the world (or second biggest). It was an amphibious invasion of northern France. The Allied forces sailed from England across the English Channel into France. The operation was successful; the Allies established a presence in northern Europe that would keep growing. |
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Term
| How many Allied troops were in D-Day? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the hardest part about D-Day for the Allied troops? |
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Definition
| They had to storm the beach, charging on foot, over barbed wire, at giant, heavily fortified bunkers filled with angry Germans with machine guns. |
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Term
| Who were the bad guys in WWII? |
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Definition
| They were: Germany, Japan and Italy. They called themselves the Axis powers. |
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Term
| What was Hitler's biggest mistake in WWII? |
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Definition
| Hitler's biggest mistake was breaking his non-aggression pact with Russia by invading them in June of 1941. |
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Term
| In WWII, who was defeated first? A. Germany B. England C. Japan D. Russia |
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Definition
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Term
| What region of France was D-Day in? |
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Definition
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Term
| The leaders of the big three (Allies) had meetings to talk about strategy. They only met three times in WWII. What are the names of the meetings? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When Hitler started to violate the Treaty of Versailles, the Allies from WWI sent the prime minister of England Neville Chamberlain to ask Hitler to cut it out. Hitler said "no, but I promise not to be naughty with my new weapons." And Chamberlain stupidly accepted this and managed to convince the other Allies, about half of the world, to accept this, too. This was appeasement. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| WWII started when Hitler is very naughty, indeed, and invades Poland. England and France rapidly declare war on Germany. |
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Term
| Why didn't Russia, at first, declare was on Germany? |
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Definition
| Russia and Germany signed a non-aggression pact, agreeing not to mess with each other. |
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Term
| What was the lend-lease act? |
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Definition
| U.S. program to sell, rent and loan weapons and other supplies to countries fighting the Axis. |
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Term
| What is a side effect of the lend-lease act? |
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Definition
| The lend-lease act also put people to work manufacturing the weapons. This started to end the Great Depression in 1941. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sunday, December 7, 1941. "A day that will live in infamy." |
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Term
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Definition
| Japan attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This was a surprise attack. About 3000 people died and the entire Pacific fleet (except air craft carriers) were destroyed. |
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Term
| Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? |
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Definition
| Hawaii was the only area in the Pacific besides Phillippenes and Guam that Japan did not control. The only thing keeping them away was that the U.S. was still selling them oil. The U.S. stopped selling the oil, and they had no reason not to attack anymore. |
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Term
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Definition
| During WWII, the three main countries making up the allies were called the Big Three. They were the U.S., led by FDR, England, led by WInston Churchill, and Russia, let by Stalin. |
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Term
| America first started fighting Germany and Italy by landing a large number of troops in ________ around the middle and they worked their way north/south from there, soon engaging Axis forces in the north. |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Holocaust, maybe the worst thing ever? |
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Definition
It was the killing 6 million Jewish people in concentration camps in Poland and Germany during WWII. Here are the steps of how it happened:
1 --Nuremberg Laws - anti-Semitic laws in Germany in 1935 that stripped Jews of their rights as citizens.
2 -- Krystalnacht - "The night of broken glass" - shortly after the passing of the Nuremberg laws, the govt encouraged Germans to destroy Jewish homes, buildings and churches and the police would do nothing about it. Thousands of synagogues and other Jewish stuff were destroyed.
3. Jewish people in Germany were forced to move to ghettos (Jewish neighborhoods)
4. Jewish people in Germany and German-controlled territory were put on trains and taken to one of about half a dozen death camps, which were called concentration/work camps. |
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Term
| Japanese-American internment camps n WWII - describe them and the years they were in existence. |
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Definition
| From 1942-1945 over 100,000 Japanese Americans in the US were forced to leave their homes and businesses and relocate to prison camps across the western half of the country. It was based on the unfair assumption that they might not be loyal to the U.S. and the racist fact that Italian-Americans and German-Americans weren't rounded up. |
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Term
| After D-Day, the Allies started to squeeze Hitler out of land he'd captured. German forces pushed back, but that was soon over and England, the U.S., and Russia pushed Germany back. Though his generals urged surrender, Hitler wouldn't hear of it. He killed himself, his dog and his new wife, Eva Brown. What is this part of the battle called, from the part where Germany pushed back? |
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Definition
| The Battle of the Bulge (this is not, not, not a workout competition) |
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Term
| What were the dates of the Progressive Era? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Progressive Era? |
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Definition
| It was the period the brought the period of weak government to an end. The 17th, 18th and 19th Amendments were all passed in this era. Another feature was reporters called Muckrakers who wrote stories exposing scandals (child labor, dangerous work conditions, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually, when a company starts, it is owned by one person or a group of people. Maybe it is a success, and grows, and then, maybe it decides to sell a portion of itself as stocks, say 40%. Let's say this company issued 400 stocks. This means that each share is worth 0.1 percent of he company. Stocks are traded on the stock markets. Stocks are also known as shares. |
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Term
| Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan |
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Definition
| Lincoln's "nicer to the South" plan for after the Civil War. It said just ten percent of the white male citizens of a state had to take a loyalty oath to the U.S. before it could re-join the country. |
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Term
| What was the Wade Davis Bill? |
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Definition
| 1864 - Notice still during the Civil War - a "meaner to the south plan" for dealing with the South. Once the war was over, it was in response to the Ten Percent Plan, it said that hlaf of white male citizens of the state had to take a loyalty oath to the U.S. before it could re-renter the country. It also guaranteed civil rights to African Americans. Lincoln vetoed it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Racist laws meant to restrict the rights of African-Americans during Reconstruction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Racist laws meant to restrict the right of African Americans after Reconstruction was over. |
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Term
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Definition
| A system in the South after the Civil War in which plantation owners would divide up their land into smaller plots and rent them to African American farmers and poor whites. (called sharecroppers) Sharecroppers frequently had to borrow to pay their rent and for seeds and such. The South also enacted many laws in many areas that said you couldn't move out of the area if you owed money. The effect was to deny African-Americans (and poor whites) the freedom of travel. |
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Term
| The Great Migration after the Civil War was what? |
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Definition
| Many African Americans moved away from the South and into the north. This meant they moved from farms to factories; country to city. |
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Term
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Definition
| Our rights as citizens of the U.S. Often by civil rights, we mean rights of African Americans since they were so often denied. |
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Term
| What year was the 13th Amendment? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Fourteenth Amendments? |
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Definition
| 1868, said that the state governments couldn't mess up people's rights. Meant t respect African Americans. |
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Term
| What year was the 15th Amendment? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The economic system sued in the U.S. and many other countries. In Capitalism, regular people own the businesses, not the government and they are free to compete with each other to be most successful. The customer benefits from this competition because it keeps prices low and quality high. If one gizmo maker starts charging crazy prices or lowers quality, people get their gizmos somewhere else. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fun game in which people try to rule the market. The reason it's called that is because it's much like a economic, which is what this card is about. In a monopoly, one company is the only producer of a product or provider of a service. This situation makes a company very happy, but it's bad for the customers because the company can raise its prices and lower its quality without fear of customers taking their business somewhere else, because there is nowhere else. |
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Term
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Definition
| A French economic term meaning Leave It {businesses} Alone, to compete without rules and regulations holding them back. In the U.S. we do not leave businesses alone (entirely). Our government makes sure products are safe, and breaks up monopolies and trusts. The U.S. has a modified free market economy. |
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Term
| What was the economic status of companies in the U.S. from after the Civil War to the 1900s? |
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Definition
| Weak government, strong business. |
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Term
| Who was Cornelius Vanderbilt? |
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Definition
| He made his fortune in shipping and steamboating. |
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Term
| Nicknames for rich business owners -- they were _________ or ____________. |
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Definition
| Robber barons or fat cat industrialists. |
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Term
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Definition
| His company was called U.S. Steel. He made steel. He got most of his service from railroads. |
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Term
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Definition
| He got rich from banking and investing. This one time, he wrote a check to the U.S. Government that saved it from bankruptcy. |
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Term
| Who was John D. Rockefeller? |
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Definition
| He made his fortune in oil. His company was called Standard Oil. Much like Morgan, Carnegie and Vanderbilt, he was rich and his companies name was very unoriginal. |
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Term
| What is a philanthropist? |
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Definition
| Somebody (rich) who gives away money to charities and other worthy causes. Only Morgan was not one. |
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Term
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Definition
| Like a monopoly, a trust is an attempt by businesses to get around competing with each other. In a trust, the companies that make a product all agree to raise their prices to the same high level. It is called a price fix, and it is illegal. The government tries to break up trusts, but the weak government at this period didn't try hard. |
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Term
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Definition
| An economic figure who supported capitalism. He came up with many of capitalism's ideas in his book, The Wealth of Nations. He wasn't an American, but he influenced the founding fathers. |
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Term
| Who is an entrepreneurialist? |
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Definition
| Someone who starts new companies. |
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Term
| What is collective bargaining? |
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Definition
| When workers team up and make demands of the boss. This is much more effective than one worker making demands of the boss. Collective bargaining leads to unions. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organization of workers for a company that uses collective bargaining and elects representatives to interact with the boss. |
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Term
| What was the Sherman Anti-trust Act? |
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Definition
| 1890. A not-very-effective piece of legislation aimed at breaking up trusts. The business-friendly Supreme Court didn't really enforce it, which goes to show you that it was a time of strong businesses and weak government. |
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Term
| What was the Homestead Strike and when was it? |
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Definition
| 1892 - A strike against Carnegie's steel company. Carnegie was determined not to give in to the union. he had 300 Pinkerton Agents come in to stop the strike. In a fight, nine workers and seven Pinkerton Agents were killed. The government then broke up the strike. Steel workers wouldn't have a union again for 40 years. |
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Term
| What was the Pullman Strike and when was it? |
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Definition
| 1894 - A strike against the Pullman Railroad Company. The company manipulated the government into breaking up the strike by putting mail carts of the not-running trains and saying the strike was stopping the mail. |
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Term
| What was the Gilded Age and when? |
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Definition
| A term first used by Mark Twain to describe a period roughly between 1895 and 1900. Gilded - covered in a this layer of gold. He meant the period looked great and happy from the outside, but underneath had corruption and unhappiness. |
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Term
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Definition
| The name of the corrupt political organization in NY in the period of time from the Civil War until the 20th Century. They bought votes, accepted bribes, sold jobs, and generally made sure they stayed in power. A man named Boss Tweed ran the machine for years. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1847 - 1931. An American inventor who invented many things, including the lightbulb, MOVIE (not video) camera, and the phonograph. He did not invent the telephone or airplane. He was called the Wizard of Menlo Park because his laboratory was in Menlo Park, NJ. He was very famous. |
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Term
| Who was William Randolph Hearst? |
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Definition
| A powerful newspaper publisher who owned many newspapers. He was the person most responsible for yellow journalism, which was a style of journalism which used exaggeration for effect. Yellow journalism was not too careful about the facts. It "invented" news. Hearst pushed the US into the Spanish-American War. |
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Term
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Definition
| The belief in America that the US should stay out of the Spanish-American War and WWI. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1898 - a short war between the US and Spain was fought. It was mostly the navy far away from us. We wanted an empire. Spain was weak and had an empire and we wanted an empire. Cuba wanted to be independent from Spain. Also the USS Maine's explosion was blamed on Spain. We started the war. |
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Term
| The nicer-to-the-south plan that was part of presidential reconstruction. It said that just 0.1 of the South voters (white males) of a state had to take a loyalty oath to the U.S. before the state could re-enter the country. It is called __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Someone who starts new companies. |
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Definition
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Term
| When workers team up and make demands of the boss, which is more effective than one worker making demands of the boss. This leads to unions. The term is _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| An organization of workers for a company that uses collective bargaining and elect representatives to interact with the boss, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sherman Anti-trust Act was in what year? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Sherman Anti-Trust Act? |
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Definition
| A not-very-effective piece of legislation aimed at breaking up trusts. The business-friendly Supreme Court didn't really enforce it, which goes to show you that it was a period of weak government and strong business. |
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Term
| A strike against Andrew Carnegie's steel company. It happened in 1892. Carnegie was determined not to give into the union. He had 300 Pinkerton agents come in to stop the strike. In a fight, nine workers and seven Pinkerton agents were killed (and most definitely many more were injured). The government then broke up the strike. Steel workers would not have a union again for 40 years (fail...for union) What was the strike called? |
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Definition
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Term
| 1894 - A strike against the Pullman Railroad Company. The Pullman Railroad Company manipulated the government into breaking up the strike by putting mail carts on the non-running trains and saying the strike was stopping the mail (fail...for the union). A term first used by Mark Twain to describe the period roughly between 1865-1900...the figurative meaning = the period looks happy and great and rich from the outside, but underneath, there is corruption and unhappiness - what's the term? |
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Definition
| The Gilded Age (gilded: covered in a thin layer of GOLD) |
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Term
| The name of the corrupt political organization in New York City, NY, in the period of the time from the Civil War until the 20th century. They bought votes, accepted bribes, sold jobs, and generally made sure they stayed in power. The political machine was run by a man named Boss Tweed for years. What was this group called? |
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Definition
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Term
| An American inventor who invented many things, including the light bulb, the MOVIE camera, and the phonograph (record player. He did not invent the telephone or the airplane. It was not his fault. He was nicknamed the Wizard of Menlo Park because his laboratory was in Menlo Park, NJ. He was very famous. He lived from 1847-1931 |
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Definition
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Term
| A powerful newspaper publisher who owned many newspapers. He was the person most responsible for yellow journalism (a style of journalism which used exaggerations. Yellow journalism was not too careful about the facts and invented "news") He pushed America into the Spanish American War. Who was he? |
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Definition
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Term
| The belief in America that the U.S. should stay out of the Spanish American War and WW1 |
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Definition
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Term
| A short war between the U.S. and Spain, mostly the Navy. Far away from the U.S. We wanted an empire. Spain was weak and we wanted an empire. Also, they had an empire. Cuba wanted to be independent from Spain. U.S. wanted the help Cuba become independent from Spain. Also, the U.S. Maine's explosion, near Cuba, was blamed on the Spanish. Also, Hearst was pushing toward the war with everything he had. Bingo! Was was started. |
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Definition
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Term
| WWI warfare. -- what is trench warfare? |
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Definition
| Trench warfare was common, in which both sides dig long series of trenches with a no-man's land separating them. |
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Term
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Definition
| The "father of communism." He was German. he wrote The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital, which explained communism. Then he died. Then some time passed, and then people like Lenin, Stalin and Trotsky put together the Russian Revolution using Marx's ideas. |
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Term
| When was the Russian Revolution? |
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Definition
| 1917 - There were basically two revolutions in the same year. The first one was in February, which overthrew the czar (king) of Russia and killed him and his family. Then there was an October revolution in which the communists, led by Vladimir Lenin, took over Russia and became the first communist country in the world. They withdrew from WWI. |
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Term
| The English ship the Lusitania was sunk by the __________ in __________ after they had declared they would use their submarines to sink any ships going in and out of England. There were 123 Americans who died, making the US mad. |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Zimmerman Telegram/note/waffle iron? |
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Definition
| A telegram from German foreign ministeer Arthur Zimmerman (in Germany) to Mexico saying that if the US entered WWI, against the central powers, then Mexico should attack the US. And when the war was won, Mexico would get their land back (the land that was taken from them in the Mexican War). HA you do have to study your notes it comes in handy. |
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Term
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Definition
| US law passed just after the Spanish-American Wa,which limited newly independent Cuba's ability without the US approving them. |
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Term
| What were the 4 periods of time in Cuba? |
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Definition
1.Native-American
2.(1492-1898)Spanish colony
3.(1898-1959)US friendly (capitalist) country
4.(1959-today)US un-friendly (communist) country |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of cavalry soldiers, assembled,commanded, and paid for by Teddy Rosevelt during the Spanish-American War.They be ame famous in their charge up San Juan Hill in Cuba,where they took out a Spanish machine gun nest,saving a number of American and Cuban soldiers. |
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Term
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Definition
| In 1903,Orville and Wilbur Wright invented the first powered manned plane flight. It happened in Kitty Hawn, North Carolina. |
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Term
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Definition
| A man-made water way connecting two natural bodies of water. The two most important canals in the world today are the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal. Suez connects the Mediterranean to the Red Sea it keeps you from having to sail all the way around Africa. Panama connects the Pacific to the Atlantic and keeps you from having to sail around South Africa. The Suez was built first. |
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Term
| What is the Panama Canal and how long did it take to build it? |
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Definition
| started during TR's administration, back then there was no country of Panama. We offered Columbia money to let us build the canal. They said no. TR told his people to find angry people in north COlumbia and gave them money and weapons to start a revolution if they agreed to let the US build a canal after they won. They agreed. They won. We built the canal. It took ten years. Though the US ran it for many years after it was built, today Panama controls the canal. |
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Term
| Teddy Roosevelt against big businesses |
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Definition
| As TR first filed a court case accusing JP Morgan and others of having a monolpoly on the railroad in the north half of the country. Supreme Court agrees with TR and Morgos lost. TR also took on Rockefeller's oil company, accusing it of being a trust and broke it up. This earned TR a reputation as a trustbuster. |
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Term
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Definition
| A political and economic philosophy mostly invented by Carl Marx. Marx said the big problem with the world that a few people are rich while most people are poor, and it is those people who do most of the work. He said the government should own all the businesses, not the people, and that govt. should be run by the workers after the revolt needed for them to overthrow the rich. Clearly, those ideas do not agree with capitalism. Marx went on to say that this govt should make sure everyone is paid equally. |
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Term
| The influenza pandemic - when was it and what was it? |
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Definition
| 1918-1920 - Every year, people get that year's version of the flu and mostly they get better. In 1918, the flu was especially deadly. They called it the Spanish Flu because it started in Spain. It lasted until 1920 and killed around 50 million people, or 3 percent of the world's population, including mostly soliders fighitng in WWI. It is the only modern version of something like the Black Death that struck medieval Europe. |
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Term
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Definition
| Woodrow WIlson's plan for the world after WWI. The main point was to start a League of Nations, which was an early, unsuccessful version of the United Nations. The Treaty of Versailles included a League of Nations, but WIlson wasn't able to convince Congress to join, so the US was never part of the League of Nations, which didn't last long anyway. And Wilson was sad. :( |
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Term
| What was the Treaty of Versailles? |
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Definition
| 1919 - The treaty that ended WWI. It was very mean to Germany. |
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Term
| How was the Treaty of Versailles mean to Germany? |
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Definition
1. The size of Germany's military was severely limited.
2. Germany had to accept responsibility for starting WWI.
3. Germany had to accept an Allied army staying in Germany to keep an eye on them 24/7.
4. Many of the edges of Germany were broken up and given to the allies, meaning Germany lost territory.
5. Germany was forced to pay huge amounts of money to the allies for years to come. These were called reparations, and they kept Germany poor. |
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Term
| What was the 18th Amendment? |
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Definition
| Made alcohol illegal cross-country, beginning the 10-year-period of Prohibition. |
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Term
| What was the 19th Amendment? |
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Definition
| Recognized the rights of women to vote and many suffragettes fought for many years to make this happen. |
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Term
| What was the 17th Amendment? |
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Definition
| Changed the rules so senators that come from the states and go to Washington to make laws would now be elected by the people. |
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Term
| What was the Progressive Era and when was it? |
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Definition
| Around 1890 - 1920, the period that brought overly strong business and weak government to an end. The 17, 18, 19th amendments were all passed in this era. Another feature was reporters called muckrakers who wrote stories exposing scandals (child labor, dangerous work conditions, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Borrowing money to invest in risky ventures (stocks, etc.). |
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Term
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Definition
| IIllegal bars (during Prohibition) |
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Term
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Definition
| The period in US history started by the 18th Amendment and ended by the 21st Amendment, when alcohol was made illegal. Before it was an amendment, it was a law called the Volstead Act. Prohibition lasted from 1920-1933. |
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Term
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Definition
| Someone who made and sold alcohol during Prohibition. |
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Term
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Definition
| A famous Chicago gangster of the Prohibition Era. Everyone knew Capone was the Man, but nobody could touch him, and he had piles of money from bootlegging. Eventually, the government got him for tax evasion and died in jail. |
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Term
| Why wasn't Prohibition successful? |
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Definition
| Prohibition wasn't successful because lots of people still drank, but the money went into the hands of criminals instead. Also, lots of police and politicians were corrupt when it came to following and enforcing Prohibition. |
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Term
| When was the Great Depression? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Great Depression? |
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Definition
| 1929-1941 - The worst economic period in US history. Many businesses closed and many people were out of work. |
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Term
| What was the stock market crash of 1929? |
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Definition
| It started the Great Depression. All throughout the 1920s, people were doing a lot of speculating and things were going well, because stock prices were going up. However, the value of the companies whose stocks were going up wasn't changing. Stocks were going up based on demand. When people realized this and panicked, and all tried to sell their stocks at once. Stock prices plummeted and fortunes were lost. Lava shot from the ground and the skies were split as utter confusion swept the land. Speculators could not pay back money they borrowed. The banks closed. |
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Term
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Definition
| A period in US history when farming areas of the midwest were dried up due to bad farming practices. There were huge dust storms and farmland didn't grow so well, so farms were destroyed and farms were eaten by sand worms. |
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Term
| Who was president during the Great Depression and WWI? |
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Definition
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt |
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Term
| How many terms was FDR president? |
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Definition
| Four terms. He was the only president to be president more than two times. |
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Term
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Definition
| FDR's plan for dealing with the Great Depression. Involved the government hiring many out-of-work people to build infrastructure. Organizations (like the Works Progress Administration and TVA) ran these. It didn't help that much with the Great Depression, but it made people feel better. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rich fat cat industrialist who made his fortune selling early automobiles (Model T). It sold millions. He made production more efficient partially due to assembly lines. His company was called The Ford Motor Company. |
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Term
| What did Commodore Mathew Perry do? |
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Definition
| The US forced a very isolationist Japan to open up trade with the US in 1854 by sending him in ships bristling with guns to "suggest" that Japan open trade with the US, which they did. This led to Japan modernizing and building up a shiny new navy of their own. |
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Term
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Definition
| The US bought Alaska from Russia in 1867. The person responsible was US Secretary of State, William Seward, and people said he was stupid for doing it (calling it Seward's Folly). But since then, we found gold and lots of oil in Alaska, so who's laughing now? No one, since Seward died before this happened. |
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Term
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Definition
| A bigotry or prejudice against Jews. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leader of Germany during WWII and the most evil man we'll study this year (Stalin is a close second). Hitler was born in Austria, but adopted Germany as his country. He fought in WWI, but wasn't important. After WWI, he became interested in politics, joining the Nazi's. He complained about the government in charge of Germany after WWI, which was the Weimer Republic. He was arrested and wrote a widely-read book, Mein Kampf, which blamed the Jewish people for Germany's problems. Nazis elected him to lead Germany and he was chosen by them as chancellor in 1933. |
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Term
| What are the Nuremberg Laws? |
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Definition
| Anti-semitic laws in Germany, passed in 1935. Stripped Jews of their rights as citizens. |
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Term
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Definition
| When Hitler started to violate the Treaty of Versailles, the Allies from WWI sent the prime minister of England, Neville Chamberlain, to ask Hitler to cut it out, but Hitler said, "No, but I promise not to be naughty with my new weapons." And Chamberlain stupidly accepted this and convinced the other allies to accept this, too. |
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Term
| When and why did WWII start? |
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Definition
| 1936, when Hitler invades Poland. England and France rapidly declare war on Germany. Russia and Germany sign a non-aggression pact, agreeing not to mess with each other. |
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Term
| Who were the bad guys in WWII? |
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Definition
| Germany, Japan, and Italy. They were called the Axis powers. |
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Term
| What was the Lend-Lease Act? |
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Definition
| The US program to sell, rent, and loan weapons and other military supplies to countries fighting the Axis. This had the side effect of putting people to work, manufacturing this stuff, which ended the Great Depression. |
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Term
| What was the most idiotic move of Hitler? |
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Definition
| In June 1941, Germany broke its nonaggression pact with Russia and invaded it. |
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Term
| On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, HI. ABout 3000 people died, and most of the Pacific Fleet, except aircraft carriers, were destroyed. Why did japan do this? |
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Definition
| Japan owned all the land outside Hawaii in the Pacific, and the US stopped selling it oil, which made them very mad. Selling the oil was the US's only defense against Japan attacking, so when that stopped, they attacked. |
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Term
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Definition
| During WWII, the three main countries making up the Allies were England, led by Churchill, Russia, led by Stalin, and the US, led by FDR. |
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Term
| How did America first start fighting Germany and Italy? |
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Definition
| America landed large number of troops and tanks in the middle of Africa. They worked their way north from there, engaging the Axis forces in North Africa. |
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Term
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Definition
| June 6, 1944 - the largest military operation in WWII. It was an amphibious invsion of north France across the English Channel by Allied fores. The allies used 160,000 troops. The hardest part was storming the beach under the fire of German machine guns from heavily fortified bunkers. The operation was successful, and the Allies established a presence on northern Europe that would keep growing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Maybe the worst thing ever. It was the killing of 6 million Jews in concentration camps in Poland and Germany by the Germans during WWII. |
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Term
| What are the steps of how the holocaust happened? |
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Definition
1. The Nuremberg Laws. Anti-semitic laws in Germany in 1935, which stripped Jews of their rights as Jewish citizens.
2. Krystalnacht Act - "the night of broken glass." - shortly after the passing of the Nuremberg laws, the govt. encouraged Germans to destroy Jewish homes, businesses and synagogues, and the police would do nothing about it. Thousands of synagogues were destroyed.
3. Jews in Germany were forced to move to ghettos.
4. Jews in Germany and German-controlled territory were put on trains and taken to death camps, called work camps. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Japanese-American Interment camps in WWII- describe |
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Definition
| from 1942-45, over 100,000 Japanese Americans in the US were forced to move to prison camps and leave their homes and businesses. It was based on the unfair assumption that they might not be loyal to the US and the racist fact that Italian-Americans and German-Americans were not rounded up. |
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Term
| How many times did the Big Three meet? |
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Definition
| Three times. The meetings were called Tehran, Potsdam, and Yalta. |
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Term
| After D-Day, the Allies started to squeeze Hitler out of the land he captured. German forces pushed back, but that was soon over and England, the US and Russia pushed Germany back. Though his generals urged surrender, Hitler wouldn't hear of it. In 1945, Hitler killed his dog, wife and himself just before Russian got there. What was this called? Not the killing part, but the battle part? |
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Definition
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Term
| In WWII, Germany was defeated before who? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the "corrupt bargain?" |
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Definition
| In the 1824 presidential election, four guys ran and none of them got over half the votes. Jackson got 99 votes, and John Q. Adams got 84. The Constitution says that the House of Representatives decides. Henry Clay was speaker of the house. He hated Jackson, so he made sure the House voted for JQA. Adams, a short time later, now president, made Clay Secretary of State. People got angry and said Clay had supported Adams just to get the job. In the next election, Jackson won. |
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Term
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Definition
| A prominent civil rights leader in the 1960s. He was African-American, and he said we needed to achieve racial equality "by any means possible," including violence if needed. He was a leader of an American group called the Nation of Islam. Later on, he softened his angry stance, renounced violence, and began to criticize the Nation of Islam. |
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Term
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Definition
| In a vote, when the winner gets more votes than the other but less than half. |
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Term
| When and why was Malcolm X assassinated? |
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Definition
| Malcolm X was killed by three members of the Nation of Islam, who were for violence and mad that Malcolm X was not for violence anymore. Killed in 1965. |
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Term
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Definition
| The term for the increase in birth just after WWII. Returning soldiers were eager to start families, so they did. People in the US born just after WWII were called the Baby Boom Generation. 1944-1965. |
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Term
| What is the Truman Doctrine? |
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Definition
| At the beginning of the cold war, this was President Truman's policy of giving countries that opposed Russia and communism money. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nixon's vice president who took over after Watergate. |
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Term
| What was the Manhattan Project? |
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Definition
| The effort by the US during WWII to make the first atom bomb. Albert Einstein saw from his theories that if you split an atom, a tremendous amount of energy could be released in the form of a bomb. He wrote a letter to the Allies suggesting this, and we started the Manhattan Project to make it happen. It lasted from 1942-June 1945. June 1945, we exploded the first atomic bomb ever in the desert outside Los Alamos, NM. It was a big explosion. |
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Term
| Who was in charge of the Manhattan Project? |
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Definition
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Term
| By the time the Manhattan Project was done, Germany was already done for, but it was decided to use the bomb against Japan and avoid a bloody invasion of Japan. What two cities were bombed, and in what order? |
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Definition
| Hiroshima and then Nagasaki. Resulted in 200,000 deaths. We told Japan to surrender or we would keep it up. Japan surrendered. |
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Term
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Definition
| A large organized attack by North Korean forces against US forces in several cities in South Vietnam. We were used to large scale deal surprised and humbled us. It happened in 1968. |
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Term
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Definition
| (1970) A protest against the Vietnam War in 1970 at Kent State University. Things got out-of-hand and the national guard fired on protesters, killing 4, wounding 9. |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of documents from the US military that were published and showed that Vietnam was going worse than it seemed. |
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Term
| Name two good things about Nixon. |
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Definition
1. Nixon had this cool way of keeping Russia and China from getting too close during the Cold War. He decided to make friends with China. Nixon had a long history of fighting communism. It worked.
2. Nixon got out of Vietnam, but it wasn't very creative. After years of protest at home and made set backs |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that one country in South-East Asia fell to communist, the rest would as well. |
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Term
| How did the Cold War end? |
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Definition
| WE WON!!!!! In the end Russia ran out of money before we did. For the whole Cold War both sides wanted to keep up and out-do each other in numbers of tanks/submarines/nuclear missles/ect. all of which were very expensive. Add to that the fact that Russia became involved in a long and unseccesful war in Afghanistan which was very much like our Vietnam, and Russia went broke. The last communist in for a soft landing. It was a good try, but communism crashed. The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked the end of the Cold War. |
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Term
| Ronald Reagon was a very popular 2 term republican president. Before he was president he was a medium famous actor and governer of California. He took a hard line toward Russia during the Cold War initiating the Star Wars Missle Defense Program. What was it suppost to do? |
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Definition
| The Star Wars Missle Defense Program was a program to shot down Nuclear Missles before they do any damage. It failed but definitely freaked Russia out. |
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Term
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Definition
| Democrat. During his term Egypt and Israel signed the Camp David Peace Accords written by him. People at the US embassy in Iran were taken hostage and held for over a year. |
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Term
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Definition
| Republican.2 term. The great communicator was his nickname because of his ability to connect two the public during television speeches. Prior to his presidency he was a actor of moderate fame and governor of California. The biggest bad thing in his administration was the Iran-Contra Scandal, in which Reagon's people arranged two sell weapons to people holding our hostages in Iran in return for return for release money. The arms sales were secrete. The money was then given to a rebel group(the Contras) in the central American country Nicaragua. Congress had ordered Reagon not to give them money so it was a problem for a few reasons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reagon's vice. He was a Republican and served 1 term. During his term Iraq invaded Kuwait and the US military decisively kicked Iraq out of Kuwait an operation called Desert Storm :) |
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Term
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Definition
| the end of WWII in europe |
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Term
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Definition
| the day WWII ended in Japan |
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Term
| What was the 1st sign of the Cold War? |
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Definition
| After WWII, Russia was being really possessive of the land it had taken from germany. |
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Term
| Through the Cold War, Germany was divided into: |
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Definition
West Germany-mostly free and under its own control. Being protected by the US
East Germany- under Russian control and forced to be communist and wear drab clothes and stuff |
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Term
| The capital of Germany is Berlin. Berlin is completely in East Germany BUT... |
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Definition
| Russia only controls 1/2 of Berlin the other 1/2 goes to US. |
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Term
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Definition
| (1945-1989) NOT A WAR!!!! A period of tension between US(Capitalist) and Russia(communist) after WWII. The scary part was that both sides had already made enough nuclear weapons to blow the world up, so if had become a "hot" war it would be end-of-the-world-stuff. |
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Term
| What was another name for Russia during the Cold War? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (1950-1953) A war between North and South Korea in which communist Russia and China helped North Korea and the US helped South Korea. In 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea. The United Nations sent an army(almost all US troops) to help South Korea. Korea spit into North and South Korea along the 38th Parallel and 4 years later it ended divided along the same line. It remains that way today, with lots of US, South Korean, and North Korean troops guarding that line. About 1/2 way through the war communist Chia came to the aid of North Korea with hundreds of thousands of troops. |
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Term
| What were the dates of the Korean War? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The US policy during the Cold War of keeping communism from spreading beyond where it already was - Russia and China. |
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Term
| Why didn't communist countries want their citizens to leave the country? |
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Definition
| It made them seem unhappy under communism and it makes the rest of the world think communism wasn't a good idea. |
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Term
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Definition
| There were two. Both were periods of paranoia that communists were hiding in America. In Hollywood, the government, and the Army. First - 1930s, Second, bigger - 1950s, during the Cold War. |
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Term
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Definition
| The senator who was most responsible for the second red scare. He brought people before his committee and accused them of being communist on little evidence or just suspicions or their associations. In fact, that sort of thing is called McCarthyism. He was very popular for awhile, but fell from favor after a reporter named Edward R. Murrow called him on his unfair tactics and when he began trusted members of the military. |
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Term
| What was the Berlin Blockade? |
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Definition
| Remember Russia controlled half of Germany, and Berlin was in that half. And they didn't control half of Berlin. And Russia didn't like it, and all that? No, you don't? Read the line above. This is what they did about it: They cut off land routes from West Germany to Berlin. Only airplanes were allowed through. The idea was to starve Berlin out, force them to abandon it. |
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Term
| When was the Berlin Airlift and what was it? |
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Definition
| 1948-49. The response by the US and others to the Berlin Blockade. Supplies such as food, heating oil and medicine were flown out into Berlin 24/7 and kept the city alive. Eventually, the Russians backed down. |
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Term
| Blacklisting - what was it? |
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Definition
| During the Red Scare, if you refused to cooperate with Congress Committees, such as the House UnAmerican Activities Committee, (HUAC) or Senator McCarthy's committee, you'd be put on an informal, unwritten list of suspected communists. You would lose your job for some other reason. Your friends might shun you for fear of being targeted a communist themselves. Blacklisting especially affected Hollywood. To avoid being blacklisted, you had to name names to the committee. |
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Term
| In 1959, there was a communist revolution in Cuba which threw out the US-friendly govt. we established after the SPanish-American War. Cuba was in favor of communist govt. and they were led by ___________. This government was US un-friendly and we didn't like it. |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Bay of Pigs and did it involve pigs? |
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Definition
| The Bay of Pigs had nothing to do with pigs. :( Now I want bacon. The US hatched a plan to get rid of Castro's government in Cuba by secretly training several thousand former Cubans who hated Castro and sending them back to overhtrew him. Then it would look like Cubans overthrew him and not US. It was an epic failure. :( Our Cubans got taken prisoner or killed, and Castro got a nice pork dinner and bacon breakfast. And it was obviously US behind it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Insulting term for the Southern Republicans after the Civil War. |
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Term
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Definition
| Insulting term for Northerners after the Civil War who moved to the South. |
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Term
| Jazz Age/Roaring Twenties |
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Definition
| Two terms for the 1920s in America when things were good and people couldn't stop dancing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Liberated women in 1920s who wore hair and clothes untraditionally and also couldn't stop dancing. |
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Term
| What was the gold standard? |
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Definition
| The question of whether US money would be backed by just gold or gold/silver. Just gold meant there would be less money in circulation and rich east coast bankers/businesses wanted this. Gold/silver meant more money in circulation meant higher prices and farmers wanted this. A man William Jennings Bryan almost got elected president in 1896 with his popular Cross of Gold speech supporting gold/silver. |
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