Term
| Warning Signs of Pregnancy |
|
Definition
| Nausea/Vomiting, Persistent Headache, Visual changes (blurry, scotoma), Edema at rest, Epigastria pain, Burning/pain with urination, Change in discharge/amniotic fluid, Vaginal bleeding, Uterine contraction/cramping/pressure - (no more than 6 contractions an hour - if more then call MD), Change in fetal movement. |
|
|
Term
Presumptive (subjective) Signs of Pregnancy
3-4 wks |
|
Definition
| Breast changes, Amenorrhea (absence of menstrual period |
|
|
Term
Presumptive (subjective) Signs of Pregnancy
4-14 wks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Presumptive (subjective) Signs of Pregnancy
6-12 wks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Presumptive (subjective) Signs of Pregnancy
12 wks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Presumptive (subjective) Signs of Pregnancy
16-20 wks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Probable (objective) Signs of Pregnancy
5 wks |
|
Definition
| Goodwell sign (softening of cervix) |
|
|
Term
Probable (objective) Signs of Pregnancy
6-8 wks |
|
Definition
| Chadwick sign (different color of mucous of the vagina; violet, blueish) |
|
|
Term
Probable (objective) Signs of Pregnancy
6-12 wks |
|
Definition
| Hegar's Sign (softening of uterine isthmus) |
|
|
Term
Probable (objective) Signs of Pregnancy
4-12 wks |
|
Definition
| +Serum and urine pregnancy test (serum & urine pregnancy test should read positive) |
|
|
Term
Probable (objective) Signs of Pregnancy
16 wks |
|
Definition
| Braxton hicks contractions (uterus becomes really firm) |
|
|
Term
Probable (objective) Signs of Pregnancy
16-28 wks |
|
Definition
| Ballotment (examiner palpates and feels movement in uterus) |
|
|
Term
Positive (confirmatory) Signs of Pregnancy
5-6 wks |
|
Definition
| Visualization of fetus by Ultrasound |
|
|
Term
| Positive (confirmatory) Signs of Pregnancy 6 wks |
|
Definition
| Fetal heart tone by Ultrasound |
|
|
Term
| Positive (confirmatory) Signs of Pregnancy 8-17 wks |
|
Definition
| Fetal movement by Doppler |
|
|
Term
| Positive (confirmatory) Signs of Pregnancy 19-22 wks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Positive (confirmatory) Signs of Pregnancy Late Pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hgb, ABO and RH typing/Antibody screen, WBC (increase during pregnancy), VDRL/Serology (check for syphilis), Gonorrhea Culture (Screen for Gonorrhea, Chlamydia and HPV), Urinalysis, Rubella Tilter (Cannot get rubella vaccine during pregnancy), Optional: HIV screen, CF (Cystic Fibrosis) screen, Sickle Cell, Pap |
|
|
Term
Frequency of Prenatal Visits
Lower risk |
|
Definition
First visit - between 6-12 wks to confirm EDD
q 4 weeks - until 28 wks gestation
q 2 weeks - from 28-36 wks gestation
weekly - from 36 wks to delivery
biweekly - after 41 wks, NST's (Fetal Non-Stress Test) neccessary |
|
|
Term
Frequency of Prenatal Visits
Higher risk |
|
Definition
| Frequency is dependent on condition (Diabetes, Pre-eclampsia, Depression, Multi-Fetal Pregnancy, Etc.) but exceeds number of low risk visits. |
|
|
Term
| Calender Method -- How do you calculate it? |
|
Definition
Monitor at least 6 menstrual cycles
Day 1 is first day of LMP
Calculate Fertile days:
- From number of days in shortest cycle, subtract 18 = 1st Fertile day
- From number of days in longest cycle, subtract 11 = Last fertile day of cycle ovulation occurs during fertile time |
|
|
Term
| GTPAL -- What do letters stand for? |
|
Definition
G - Gravida (How many times have been pregnant)
T - Term (38-42 wks)
P - Preterm (20-37 wks)
A - Abortion (<20 wks)
L - Living Children |
|
|
Term
| Determing Due Date (EDD/EDC) -- What Rule do you use to determine and how do you determine due date? |
|
Definition
Nagele's Rule
1. Determine 1st day of LMP
2. Subtract 3 months
3. Add 7 days (and 1 year) |
|
|
Term
Genetic Testing
What is Pre-dispositional testing? |
|
Definition
| When genetic mutation is present eventual devlopment of symptoms is likely but not certain (if test is +, may get condition and may not) |
|
|
Term
Genetic Testing
What is Pre-symptomatic test? |
|
Definition
| When genetic mutation is present, eventual development of symptoms is certain. (If test is +, then will get condition if live long enough) |
|
|
Term
Maternal Serum Screening
What is screen for in First trimester Screening
(11-13 wks)? |
|
Definition
Screening For:
Trisomy 18 and 21 (Ultrasound and Maternal Blood is used) |
|
|
Term
Maternal Serum Screening
What is screen for in Second trimester Screening
(15-20 wks)? |
|
Definition
Screen For:
Triple/Quad Screen for Trisomy 18, 21 and NTD (Neural Tube deficiency/test for down syndrome).
Maternal Blood is used. |
|
|
Term
Maternal Serum Screening
What is screen for in AFP Screening
(15-20 wks)? |
|
Definition
| Increase in NTD (Neural Tube Deficiency), Decrease in DS (Down Syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| What are the symbols for Homozygous & Heterozygous, Dominant and Recessive? |
|
Definition
Homo. Dominant = BB
Heter. Domiant = Bb
Homo. Recessive = bb
Heter. Recessive = Bb |
|
|
Term
What is Autosomal Dominant?
and what are some examples of them? |
|
Definition
At least one B must be present to express trait,
BB or Bb will express trait (can be either Homozygous or heterozygous)
Ex. Dwarfism, Huntington's Disease, Factor V Leiden |
|
|
Term
What is Autosomal Recessive?
and what are some examples of them? |
|
Definition
Two b's must be present o express trait
Both genes of a pair must be abnormal for the disorder to be expressed.
Bb will not express trait, only BB or bb (Must be homozygous, heterozygous will not work)
Ex. Sickle Cell, Cystic Fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| What are Sex (X)- linked Disorders? |
|
Definition
| Disorders caused by mutation in genese on the X chromosome, Males are affected more than females. |
|
|
Term
| What is Turners Syndrome? |
|
Definition
Short stature, webbing of the neck, impaired intelligence, underdeveloped ovaries, infertility, lymph edema, obesity
Effects females: has only one X chromosome, often do not survive |
|
|
Term
| What is Klinefelter's Syndrome? |
|
Definition
Poorly developed, secondary to sex characteristics, small testes, infertile, subnormal intelligence
Effects primarily males: Trisomy XXY |
|
|
Term
Changes d/t Pregnancy?
Cardiovascular |
|
Definition
-Cardiac Output Increases 30-50%
-HR increases 10-15 BPM
-BP decreased in 2nd Trimester, then returns to baseline in 3rd Trimester (diastolic)
-Blood volume increases by 40-50% or 1500 mL
-Increased RBS mass, Decreased H/H (Dilutional Anemia), Increased WBC
-Fibrinogen and Clotting Factors increased
-Increased Venous Pressure in Lower Extremities |
|
|
Term
Changes d/t Pregnancy?
Integumentary |
|
Definition
-Hyper-pigmentation
-Melasma/Chloasma (Dark skin Discoloration)
-Linea Nigra (Dark Vertical Line that Appears on Abdomen During Pregnancy)
-Striae Gravidarum (Stretch Marks)
-Angiomas (Benign tumors derived from cells of vascular of lympahtic vessel walls)
-Palmar erythema (reddening of Palms)
-Gum Hypertrophy/Epulis (Mucous Cyst)
-Nail Growth
-Increased Perspiration |
|
|
Term
Changes d/t Pregnancy?
Urinary |
|
Definition
-Ureters dilate, relax, elongate, and become
tortuous (full of twist & turns) -> urinary stasis (stoppage or diminished flow)
-Increased Frequency
-Increased Bladder Capacity to 1500 mL
-Impaired tubular reabsorption of glucose |
|
|
Term
Changes d/t Pregnancy?
Gastrointestinal |
|
Definition
-N/V experienced by about 50% or more women
-Pica (Pattern of eating non-food materials)
-Decreased persitalsis, decreased motility of smooth muscles, slower emptying time of
stomach -> heartburn and constipation
-Increased tendency for gallstones (hard, pebble-like deposits that form on the inside of bladder) |
|
|
Term
| When Fundal height is greater than gestational age -- What is it called? and what types of things might you see? |
|
Definition
(Poly)hydramnios - (Excess of amniotic fluid)
-Fetus Healthy, but physically large
-Breech (butt first)
-Error in Dates
-LGA (Large for Gestational Age)
-Multifetal Pregnancy
-Molar Pregnancy - (a rare mass or growth that forms inside uterus) |
|
|
Term
Changes d/t Pregnancy?
Gastrointestinal |
|
Definition
-N/V experienced by about 50% or more women
-Pica (Pattern of eating non-food materials)
-Decreased persitalsis, decreased motility of smooth muscles, slower emptying time of
stomach -> heartburn and constipation
-Increased tendency for gallstones (hard, pebble-like deposits that form on the inside of bladder) |
|
|
Term
| When Fundal height is less than gestational age -- What is it called? and what types of things might you see? |
|
Definition
(Oligo)hydramnios - (Deficiency in amniotic fluid)
-Fetus healthy, but physically small
-Transverse (Lying or extending across in a cross direction)
-SGA (Small for Gestational Age)
-Fetal decent into pelvis (36-40 wks) |
|
|
Term
BMI?
- How do you calculate it?
-What is underweight?
-What is normal?
-What is Overweight?
-What is Obese? |
|
Definition
BMI = Weight(Kg)/Height(m) ^(2)
- <19.8 (Underweight or low)
- 19.8-26 (Normal)
- 26-29 (Overweight)
- >29 (Obese) |
|
|
Term
| Weight Gain in Pregnancy... How much weight should be gained for a -Low -Normal -High -And Obese BMI? |
|
Definition
| Weight Gain... -Low BMI: 28-40 Lbs -Normal: 25-35 Lbs -High:15-25 Lbs -Obese: 11-20 Lbs |
|
|
Term
Iron?
What do you need to know about Iron? |
|
Definition
-Essential in production of Hemoglobin
-Physiological anemia of pregnancy d/t plasma volume increasing more than RBC mass (Decreasing H/H/) + Poor Absorption = Iron Supplementation |
|
|
Term
Folic Acid?
What do you need to know about Folic Acid? |
|
Definition
-Purposes: Produces Blood and Protein
-Sources: Leafy, Green Vegetables, Orang Juice, Legumes, Nuts, Enriched Breads, Beans
-Deficiency: Neural Tube Deficits, Spina Bifida. |
|
|
Term
Chlamydia..
-Spread?
-Symptoms?
-Complications? |
|
Definition
-Spread: Sexual Contact
-Symptoms: Non-specific, Often Silent and Highly Destructive
-Complications: PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease), Scarring, Sterility, Pre-Term Birth, Newborn Conjunctivitis and Pneumonia |
|
|
Term
Gonorrhea...
-Spread?
-Symptoms?
-Complications? |
|
Definition
-Spread: Sexual Contact
-Symptoms: In women, often asymptomatic but may have discharge, bleeding, pain, dysuria; men may have penile discharge.
-Complications: Blindness in infant, PID, drug-resistant strains. |
|
|
Term
Syphilis...
-Spread?
-Symptoms?
-Complications? |
|
Definition
-Spread: By direct contact with syphilis sore, also can be passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy
-Symptoms: Primary (Painless chancre appears 5-90 days after infection), Secondary (Skin rash, mucous-membrane lesions, flu-like symptoms (6 wks-6 months later)), Tertiary (Neuro, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, or multi-organ system complications, Latent (Asymptomatic)
-Complications: Systemic problems, death during pregnancy, can cause Pre-Term labor, Miscarriage, Stillbirth, congenital and neonatal syphillis |
|
|
Term
Trichomoniasis...
-Spread?
-Symptoms?
-Complications? |
|
Definition
-Spread: Sexual Contact
-Symptoms: Yellowish-green frothy malodorous discharge, inflammation, dysuria, dysparunia |
|
|
Term
Herpes Simplex Virus (HPV)...
-Spread?
-Symptoms?
-Complications? |
|
Definition
-Spread: Direct Contact
-Symptoms: Painful genital sores, neuralgic pain, flu-like symptoms, recurrent episodes usually less severe
-Complications: Lifelong, neonatal herpes |
|
|
Term
Trichomoniasis...
-Spread?
-Symptoms?
-Complications? |
|
Definition
-Spread: Sexual Contact
-Symptoms: Yellowish-green frothy malodorous discharge, inflammation, dysuria, dysparunia |
|
|
Term
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)...
-Spread?
-Symptoms?
-Complications? |
|
Definition
-Symptoms: "Low Risk" (Causes Warts), "High Risk" (Causes pre-cancerous changes in cervix, vulva, anus, or penis)
-Complications: Lifelong, Cancer |
|
|
Term
Hepatitis B Virus...
-Spread?
-Symptoms?
-Complications? |
|
Definition
-Spread: Transmitted in blood, saliva, sweat, tears, vaginal secretions, semen, amniotic fluid
-Symptoms: Often-silent infection, early symptoms mild (skin changes, painful joints, anorexia), Late course can be fulminating (Develop suddenly and severely) and fatal (clay-colored stools, dark urine, abdominal pain, jaundice)
-Complications: Chronic hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Liver Cancer |
|
|
Term
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)...
-Spread?
-Symptoms?
-Complications? |
|
Definition
-Spread: Exchange body fluids (Semen, Blood, Vaginal Secretions, AMniotic Fluid, Breast-milk)
-Symptoms: Flu-like symptoms may occur early
-Complications: Fatal illness, AIDS |
|
|
Term
Zygote is Considered an embryo as soon as egg is developed...
True or False? |
|
Definition
A: False
-Zygote is considered an embryo as soon as it becomes implanted in the uterine lining. |
|
|
Term
Blastocyst embed in endometrium of uterus right after conception...
True or False? |
|
Definition
A: False
-Blastocyst embeds in endometrium of uterus 6-10 days after conception - light spotting may occur. |
|
|
Term
Chorionic Villi develop out of the Trophoblasts...
True or False? |
|
Definition
A: True
-Chorionic Villi develop out of the Trophoblasts |
|
|
Term
At what period is the Embryo susceptible to teratogens?
Hint: How many weeks after conception? |
|
Definition
| A: The Embryo is susceptible to Teratogens at 3 weeks after conception |
|
|
Term
What is the most critical period of organogenesis?
Hint: From ______ weeks, to ________ weeks? |
|
Definition
| A: The most critical organogenesis is from 3 to 8 weeks. |
|
|
Term
When does the Fetal Stage Start?
Hint: At the beginning of what week in the gestational age, which would be the 9th week after fertilization? |
|
Definition
| A; The Fetal Stage starts at the beginning of the 11th week in gestational age, which is the 9th week after fertilization. |
|
|
Term
Ectopic Pregnancy...
-What is Ectopic Pregnancy?
-What are the probable signs/symptoms?
-How is it confirmed?
-What is there a risk for?
-What is used to treat it? |
|
Definition
- Fertilized zygote never makes it to the uterus for implantation
- Probable signs/symptoms: Pelvic pain, Increased HR, Decreased BP, Positive hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
-Confirmed with Ultrasound
-Risk for Hemorrhage
-Treatment: Surgery, Methotrexate |
|
|
Term
Miscarriage...
-When can it occur?
-What happens in SAB (Spontaneous Abortion) and what happens in MAB (Medical Abortion)? |
|
Definition
-Can occur anytime prior to 20 weeks
-SAB (Spontaneous Abortion)-Passing fetal tissue vaginally, bright red bleeding, clots, may experience contraction like cramping, often VS-WNL (Vital signs within normal limits)
MAB (Medical Abortion)- Fetus dies in uterus, body does not expel, D&C (Dilation and Curretage - Dilation of the cervix and curettement (surgery to remove) of the endometrium)
-hCG positive, but decreasing daily, confirmed via Ultrasound |
|
|
Term
| Structures Necessary for Survival... Amniotic Fluid -What is it's purpose? -What is it's volume? -What is the composition of the Amniotic Fluid? -At what weeks does it "function as early circulatory system" and at what weeks does it "become early digestive system."? |
|
Definition
| -Primary Functions: Cushion, temperature regulation, respiration, free movement, waste -Volume: 700-1000 mL - (Poly)hydramnios: GI Malformations - (Oligo)hydramnios: Renal Problems -Composition: Mostly Fetal Urine -Weeks 2 and 3: Functions as early circulatory system -weeks 4: Becomes early digestive system |
|
|
Term
Structures Necessary for Survival...
Umbilical Cord
-What is the structure of the Umbilical Cord?
Hint: How many Veins and Arteries?
-What is Wharton's Jelly and what is it's purpose? |
|
Definition
-Arteries: 2 Arteries that carry blood from embryo to Chorionic Villi
-Veins: 1 Vein returns blood to the embryo
-Wharton's Jelly: gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord, prevents compression, knots |
|
|
Term
Structures Necessary for Survival...
Placenta
-What is in the Placenta?
-Primary Function?
-When is Placenta structure complete and when is Placental circulation in place?
-What hormones are produced by Placenta? |
|
Definition
-Consists of: Cotyledons (15-20) and Chorionic Villi
-Primary Functions: Metabolic - Respiration, Nutrition, Excretion, and Storage.
-Placental Circulation in place by week 3, Placenta structure complete by week 12
-Hormones Produced?
hCG - Should double every 2-3 days, pat at 60
hC's
Estrogen & Progesterone |
|
|
Term
Stages of Fetal Development...
8 weeks
-What are the Milestones?
-When is the most critical period of Human Development? |
|
Definition
-Milestones: Body fairly well formed, come movement, differentiation of nervous system, internal ear developing, eyes/ear/nose/mouth recognizable, tastes and ovaries distinguishable
-The most critical or sensitive period in Human Development occurs during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy. |
|
|
Term
Stages of Fetal Development...
12 weeks
-What are the Milestones?
-At what time period might you be able to get a Ultrasound and determine the sex of the baby? |
|
Definition
Milestone: Nails appearing, blood forming in marrow, vocal cords appear, Kidneys able to secrete urine, brain structure almost complete, sucking present, earliest taste buds indicated, internal and external sex organs specific.
-Might be able to figure out if boy or girl around 12 weeks because the external sex organs are specific. |
|
|
Term
Stages of Fetal Development...
16 weeks
-What are the Milestones?
-When might mother stat to feel fetus?
-At what weeks are Multigravida?
-At what weeks are Primigravida? |
|
Definition
Milestones: Arm/leg ratio proportionate, scalp hair, meconium (earliest stool of infant) in bowel, blood formation active in spleen, cerebral lobes delineated, bones and joints complete.
-Mother will start to feel fetus because this is when "Quickening" occurs at 16 weeks
-Multigravida: 14-18 weeks
-Primigravida: 18-20 weeks |
|
|
Term
Stages of Fetal Development...
20-24 weeks
-What are the Milestones?
-When is Viability present? (Viability is the ability of a thing (a living organism) to maintain itself or recover its potentialities |
|
Definition
-Milestones: Responds to sounds, sense of taste develops, vernix(waxy or cheese-like white substance found coating the skin of human babies)/lanugo(fine, downy hair)/sebaceous glands (microscopic glands in the skin which secrete an oily/waxy matter) forming, early breathing movements, testes descending to scrotum.
-Viability: Approximately 22 weeks or 500 grams |
|
|
Term
Stages of Fetal Development...
28-40 weeks
-What are the Milestones?
-What is the Lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio (a test of fetal amniotic fluid to assess for fetal lung immaturity) ? and are the Lungs mature of immature at this point? |
|
Definition
-Milestones: Cortical (the outer portion of an organ) development, Weight, Subcutaneous Fat, Respiratory Development.
-L/S Ratio = 2:1 = Lungs Mature |
|
|
Term
Fetal Development...
-When does organ development begin with?
-When does heart begin to beat?
-When does heart develop into 4 Chambers?
-When does development of the extremities, eyes, and ears? |
|
Definition
-Organ Development begins with the heart and CNS (Central Nervous System) during the 3rd week of Pregnancy.
-Heart begins to beat at 3 weeks
-Heart develops into 4 Chambers at 4-5 weeks
-Development of the extremities, eyes, and ears begins during the fourth week of pregnancy |
|
|
Term
Fetal Circulating System...
-What happens in the Ductus Arteriosus?
-What happens in the Ductus Venosus?
-What happens in the Foramen Ovale? |
|
Definition
-Ductus Arteriosus: Lung Bypass (In the developing fetus, the ductus arteriosus, is a shunt connecting the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch. It allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus' fluid-filled lungs, protecting the lungs from being overworked and allowing the right ventricle to strengthen)
-Ductus Venosus: Liver Bypass (In the fetus, the ductus venosus shunts approximately half of the blood flow of the umbilical vein directly to the inferior vena cava. Thus, it allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver.)
-Foramen Ovale: Shunts from right atrium to left atrium -- lung bypass, ventricle bypass (In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium, In most individuals, the foramen ovale closes at birth, It later forms the fossa ovalis.) |
|
|
Term
Multifetal Pregnancy...
-What are the risk of a Multi-fetal Pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| -Risk: Pre-Term Labor/Devlivery, PROM (Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is an event that occurs during pregnancy when the sac containing the developing baby and the amniotic fluid bursts or develops a hole prior to the start of labor.)), Increased strain on maternal C/V (Cardiovascular) System, Anemia (Not enough healthy RBC's), and placenta previa (A complication of pregnancy in which the placenta grows in the lowest part of the womb (uterus) and covers all or part of the opening to the cervix.)) |
|
|
Term
Multifetal Pregnancy...
-What are Dizygotic Twins? |
|
Definition
Dizygotic Twins:
-Two zygotes (2 Different ova fertilized by 2 different sperm)
-Two amnions, Chorions, and Placenta's
- Fraternal Twins
- Often occurs in families |
|
|
Term
Multifetal Pregnancies...
-What Monozygotic Twins? |
|
Definition
Monozygotic Twins:
- One fertilized ovum that divides
-Depending on when the division occurs, can have one or two Amnions, Chorions, and Placentas
-Identical twins
-Random event |
|
|
Term
Which is most like forming identical twins...
Dizygotic Twins or Monozygotic Twins? |
|
Definition
A: Monozygotic
Dizygotic Twins are most likely Fraternal Twins |
|
|
Term
Which is most likely to occur in families...
Dizygotic Twins or Monozygotic Twins? |
|
Definition
A: Dizygotic Twins
Monozygotic Twins and identical twins and is usually occurs as a random event, but Dizygotic Twins are only Fraternal Twins and is most likely to occur in families. |
|
|
Term
-Which has two Zygotes which is 2 different ova fertilized by 2 different sperms...
Dizygotic Twins or Monozygotic Twins?
- Which is the product of one fertilized ovum that divides?
Dizygotic Twins or Monozygotic Twin? |
|
Definition
- Dizygotic Twins= Has two Zygotes (2 different ova fertilized by 2 different sperm)
-Monozygotic Twins= One fertilized ovum that divides |
|
|
Term
| -Which has Two Amnions, Chorions, and Placenta's? |
|
Definition
A: Both
Dizygotic Twins has Two Amnions, Chorions, and Placenta's but Monozygotic Twins can also have two depending on when the division occurs. |
|
|
Term
Breast Self Exam (BSE)...
-When should a (BSE) occur?
-When should a (BSE) not occur?
-What should the female report? |
|
Definition
- Same time every month
- Not during menses or ovulation
- Report any lumps, dimpling, change in skin color or texture, change in nipple appearance/discharge |
|
|
Term
Testicular Self Exam...
- When should it occur?
- What should client report? |
|
Definition
- Same time every month, after shower
- Report lumps, welling "heavy" feeling in testicles, pain |
|
|
Term
Pap Smear...
- When should a pap smear begin? |
|
Definition
- Begin 3 years after first sexual intercourse or at age 21; then annually until age 30
(If older than 30, then may do every 2-3 years after 3 consecutive negative test |
|
|
Term
Pelvic Evam/Clinical Breast Exam...
Mammogram
- What are the NEW Recommendations for a mammogram?
Hint: At what age is there no routine screening? ...At what age is there routine screening and how often? |
|
Definition
-New Recommendations:
No Routine Screening between 40-49 years
Every 2 years between 50-74 years |
|
|
Term
Pelvic Exam/Clinical Breast Exam...
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and Digital Rectal Exam
- When should the exam occur? |
|
Definition
- Every year if older than 50 years
- Every year if older than 40 years, if African American or if there is a family history |
|
|
Term
Contraception: Biological
Basal Body Temperature (BBT)...
- When is the (BBT) typically low? ...When does the (BBT) rise?
- When does higher temperature begin? |
|
Definition
- (BBT) is typically low in the Follicular Phase (1st half of cycle)
- (BBT) rises in the Luteal Phase (2nd half of cycle)
- Higher temperature begins 1-2 days after ovulation |
|
|
Term
Contraception: Biological
Basal Body Temperature (BBT)...
- When should (BBT) be monitored? |
|
Definition
- Monitoring:
- Same temp at about the same time each morning before rising -- record on chart
- Using first 10 days of cycle, identify highest of "normal low" temps (Disregard any temps that are abnormally high d/t fever or other disruptions) |
|
|
Term
Contraception: Biological
Cervical Mucous...
- When are Cervical Fluids noted?
- What are Cervical Fluids classified as?
- What is the color of the most fertile Cervical Mucous? |
|
Definition
- Cervical fluid qualities are noted throughout cycle and classified as:
- nothing/dry, sticky, creamy, and egg-white
- Most Fertile: Egg White mucous |
|
|
Term
Contraception: Biological
Cervical Position...
- Does the Cervical Position follow a pattern? ...If so then what is the pattern that it follows?
- When does the Cervical Position shift up? ...And does it get harder or softer?
- When does the Cervical Position return to a low position? |
|
Definition
- Cervical Position follows a pattern
- It typically starts low, closed and firm (nose), around ovulation, it shifts upward, gets softer (lips), and opens
- Usually returns to low position 1-2 days after ovulation. |
|
|
Term
Contraception: Mechanical
Diaphragm...
- What does the Diaphragm cover?
- Can someone insert it on their own or does it require medical assistance?
- Is the Diaphragm used with anything? ...If so then what with and when does it need to be applied?
- When can Diaphragm be inserted and still be affective.
Hint: What time period before sex?
- How long must you leave Diaphragm in for it to be effective? |
|
Definition
- Covers the cervix
- Requires prescription fit by doctor
- Used with Spermicide, which is applied before each act of sex
- Can place up to 6 hours before sex
- Must leave in place 6 hours after sex (No more than 24 hours) |
|
|
Term
Contraception: Mechanical
Cervical Cap...
- What does the Cervical Cap cover? ...Does it loosely cover?
- Can someone insert it on their own or does it require medical assistance?
- Is the Cervical Cap used with anything? ...If so then what with and when does it need to be applied?
- When can Cervical Cap be inserted and still be affective.
Hint: What time period before sex?
- How long must you leave Cervical Cap in for it to be effective? |
|
Definition
- Tightly covers the cervix
- Requires prescription fit by doctor
- Used with Spermicide, which does not need to be applied before each act of sex
- Must leave in place for 6 hours after sex (No more than 48 hours) |
|
|
Term
Which Contraceptive method offers the most protection against STI's?
A. Diaphragm
B. Condoms
C. Cervical Cap
D. Abstinence |
|
Definition
D. Abstinence
Male and Female Condoms offer the most protection against STI's but Abstinence is the only contraceptive method that is 100% effective. |
|
|
Term
Contraception: Chemical...
- How do Chemical Contraceptive methods work? |
|
Definition
- Works by:
- Stopping Ovulation each month
- Changing lining of the uterus
- Thickening Cervical Mucous |
|
|
Term
Contraception: Chemical...
- What are some signs and symptoms a client may face with the use of Chemical Contraception?
Hint: The acronym "ACHES" - what does it stand for?
- What increases signs and symptoms? |
|
Definition
A: Abdominal Pain
C: Chest Pain
H: Headache
E: Eye Problems
S: Severe Leg Pain
- Smoking increases risks for problems! |
|
|
Term
Contraception: Chemical...
Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
- What type of medication is Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate? (Patch, Pill, Suppository ect.)
- What is the name of the contraception?
- What is the length of contraception that is delivered with Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate? |
|
Definition
- Injection
- Name: Depot Provera
- Offers up to 3 months of protection |
|
|
Term
Contraception: Chemical...
Skin Patch
- What type of medication is Skin Patch? (Patch, Pill, Suppository ect.)
- What does Skin Patch consist of?
- What is the name of the contraception?
- How long should client wear the skin patch? |
|
Definition
- Transdermal Patch
- Estrogen & Progestin
- Name: Ortho Evra
- New patch each week for 3 weeks, followed by 1 week without patch |
|
|
Term
Contraception: Chemical...
Vaginal Ring
- What type of medication is the Vaginal Ring? (Patch, Pill, Suppository ect.)
- What is the name of the contraception?
- What is the Vaginal Ring consist of?
- How long should client wear the Vaginal Ring? |
|
Definition
- Suppository inserted into vagina and held in place by vaginal wall
- NuvoRing
- Estrogen and Progestin
- Worn for 3 weeks, followed by 1 week without ring |
|
|
Term
Contraception Chemical...
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
- What are the two types of (IUD)?
- What are the names of the two types of (IUD's)?
- How long can they remain in place? |
|
Definition
- Two types: Copper and Progesterone
- Names:
Copper - ParaGard T-380A
Progesterone - Mirena
- Copper: Can remain in place for up to 10 years
- Progesterone: Can remain in place for up to 5 years |
|
|
Term
| Emergency Contraception... - What are the options for Emergency Contraception? |
|
Definition
| Options: Plan B Other Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCP's) Copper Intrauterine Devices (IUD) |
|
|
Term
Emergency Contraception's...
- What is the M.O.A. for other Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCP's)?
- What is the M.O.A. of Intrauterine Devices (IUD's)? |
|
Definition
- OCP's: May prevent ovulation, block fertilization, or prevent implantation
- IUD's: Prevent implantation |
|
|
Term
Emergency Contraception's...
- When should the Emergency Contraception's (OCP) and (IUD) be taken?
Hint: Within how many hours of unprotected sex? |
|
Definition
OCP's: Within 120 hours (5 days) of unprotected sex
IUD: Within 8 hours of unprotected sex |
|
|
Term
Emergency Contraception's...
- How effective are Emergency Contraception's (OCP) and (IUD)? |
|
Definition
- OCP: 75-89% Effective
- IUD: Ineffective if already implanted pregnancy |
|
|
Term
Contraception Surgery...
- What is the name of the Contraceptive Surgery for females? |
|
Definition
| Bilateral Tubal Ligation (Female) |
|
|
Term
Contraception Surgery...
- What is the name of the Contraceptive Surgery for Males? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Contraception Surgery...
Bilateral Tubal Ligation (Female)
- What occurs during Bilateral Tubal Ligation?
- How effective is it against pregnancy?
- Is there a chance for reversal? |
|
Definition
- Sealing, Tying, Cutting of Fallopian Tubes
- Effectiveness: Greater than 99%
- Reversal: Yes! Successful in 50-80% of cases, Increases risk of Ectopic Pregnancy |
|
|
Term
Contraception Surgery...
Vasectomy (Male)
- What occurs during a Vasectomy?
- How effective is it against pregnancy?
- Is there a chance for reversal? |
|
Definition
- Sealing, Tying, or Cutting of Vas Deferens
- Effectiveness: Greater than 99%
- Reversal: Re-anastomisis (reuniting by surgery) of sperm ducts is successful in more than 90% of cases, but fertility is only about 50% (Decreases as time since surgery increases) |
|
|
Term
Contraception Chemical...
Implanon
- How is the Implanon Contraceptive Method Inserted?
- How long does it offer protection? |
|
Definition
- Etonogesterol rod placed under skin in upper arm
- Offers 3 years of protection |
|
|
Term
Sexuality...
- What are the two Nursing Diagnosis for Sexuality? |
|
Definition
- Altered Sexuality Patterns (Client expresses concern regarding sexuality)
- Sexual Dysfunction (A change in Sexual Function that is Viewed as Unrewarding or Inadequate) |
|
|
Term
Genetic Testing...
- What type of Inheritance is Sickle Cell Anemia and Cystic Fibrosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
