Economy in the North

• big on manufacturing and trade
• pro-tariffs for foreign imports

Culture/society in the North

• Churches and schools in most towns
• College reserved for the weatlty
• Majority = religious, Protestant farmers
• often settled by Northern Europeans

Transportation in the North

• Railroads
• Surfaced Roads
• Canals

Political party and beliefs in the North

Republican party-- Believed in priciples of:

•  
  • a strong central government
  • national economic growth
  • creating modern and industrial economy

 Also believed slavery should not be allowed to spread westward

• based on agriculture
• crops grown on plantations
• slavery essential
• anti-tariffs

• planters = upperclass and ran the political and economic life
• few schools or churches
• for small farmers, little or no education
• almost all work in agriculture
• mostly English, Scottish, and Irish
• 1/4 of population owned slaves
• large slave population

Transportation in the South

• Steamboats
• Railroads (less than North)

Democratic Party --

Believed that an attack on slavery was an attack on their way of life

Election of Abraham Lincoln = many southern states seceded from the Union

Date: 1820

Congressman Henry Clay (KY) created plan:

• Maine admitted as free
• Missouri admitted as slave
• All territiory north of the Missouri border (36,30) would remain forever free
  • Missouri Compromise Line

Date: 1850

Sen. Daniel Webster (MA) put togethere a series of agreements:

• California be admitted as free
• The rest of the territory gained from the Mexican War could be open to slavery (will of people)
• Slavery abolished in Washington D.C.
• The Fugitive Slave Law
  • runaway slaves in north must be returned to their southern masters
  • illegal to help a runaway slave or to refuse to help catch a runaway slave

Author: Harriet Beecher Stowe

Date: 1852

A book about the evils of slavery.

Only more copies of the bible than this book were sold in the North.

Banned in the South

Date: 1854

Stephen Douglass wanted to build a Railroad through Kansas and Nebraska. Decided that that would be more successful if those areas were open to slavery.

Result: Northerners and Southerners rushed into the area to affect the popular vote on slavery or no slavery.

Two capitals set up in Kansas:

• Northern = Lawerence
• Southern = Pottawatomie 

John Brown (abolitionist) led attacks on Southerners = Kansas called "Bleeding Kansas"

Sen. Charles Sumner (MA) offended Southerners, and Congressman Preston Brooks beat him with a cane.

Dred Scott was a slave who's master brought him into a free state and settled their. Later the master moved back into a slave state, and died. Scott sued, claming he was free because he had lived in a free state.

Supreme Court Questions:

1. Did Scott have the right to sue?
2. Was Scott free after having lived in a free territory
3. Was the Missouri Compromise Line Constitutional

Decision:

1. Scott was not a citizen, so he did not have the right to sue. Furthermore, the supreme court decided that no black (free or slave) could become a citizen.
2. Scott was not free by just living in free territory. He was still his Master's property.
3. The Missouri Compromise Line was not constitutional as it divided the country.

Cheif Justice Taney

Order of Evaluation:

1. Constitution
2. Declaration of Independence
3. Precedince (previous cases and decisions)
4. Natural Law (common sense)

John Brown led the capture of the arsenal (weapons storage) in Harper's Ferry, Virginia.

His Plan:

To supply slaves with weapons so they could rise against their masters.

Result:

A train entered the town, was detained for 5 hours, and then allowed to pass through. The passangers later reported the occurance. While the train was in Harper's Ferry, a worker on the train was shot.

Townspeople began shooting at Brown and his men in the arsenal.

The government surrounded the arsenal and captured Brown.

Brown was put on trial for treason, and hanged. He was considered a martyr in the North, and a monster in the South.

Date: 1860

Result:

Southern states seceded and formed the Confederate State of America (CSA)

Fort Sumter

Where the first shots were fired, starting the Civil War

Sectionalism

The differences between areas of the country (North, South, West)

Slavery

Economics

Tariffs -- taxes on imports

• North = for tariffs; the south was more likely to buy goods from the North because of the tariffs on imports.
• South = against tariffs; it was cheaper to buy goods from overseas, but tariffs were put on the imports.

States' Rights

The idea that political power layed in the hands of each state, not the federal government.