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Pre-AP
midterm
119
History
9th Grade
01/23/2010

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Cards

Term
Pre-history
Definition
Period of history before writing
Term
archaeology
Definition
study of people and their cultures using artifacts
Term
artifact
Definition
something left behind by a group
Term
homo erectus, homo sapien, homo sapien sapien
Definition
upright walking, larger brains, working brains
Term
nomads
Definition
move around
Term
paleolithic age
Definition
old stone age, before agriculture
Term
lucy
Definition
first human skeleton found
Term
civilization
Definition
advanced organization and development
Term
cultural diffusion
Definition
blending of cultures
Term
polytheistic
Definition
belief of many gods
Term
neolithic age
Definition
new stone age. early agriculture
Term
mesopotamia
Definition
earliest civilization
Term
sumer
Definition
meso. city-state
Term
ziggurat
Definition
temple in the middle of each city to worship gods
Term
cunieform
Definition
earliest known writing system
Term
hamurabi
Definition
developed a law code. king of babylon
Term
gilgamesh
Definition
king of sumer
Term
babylon
Definition
part of meso. hammurabi
Term
vizier
Definition
bureaucracy
Term
hyksos
Definition
adopted and took over egyptian society
Term
akhenaten
Definition
pharoah. cult of athen. monotheist
Term
osiris
Definition
god of underworld
Term
seth
Definition
killed brother osiris
Term
amon re
Definition
religious cult. polytheistic
Term
aton
Definition
city built by akhenaten
Term
heiroglyphics
Definition
egyptian picture writing
Term
hatshepsut
Definition
first woman pharoah
Term
phonecians
Definition
independent cities adapted mesopotamian culture
Term
hebrews
Definition
led by abraham. mesopotamian customs
Term
monontheism
Definition
believes in one god
Term
10 commandments
Definition
given to moses by yaweh.
beginning of morality
Term
prohphet
Definition
spokesman of god
Term
diaspora
Definition
africans were kidnapped for slave trade
Term
moses
Definition
led hebrews
Term
solomon
Definition
king of hebrews. israel
Term
assyrian empire
Definition
conquered israel and deported its people
Term
persia
Definition
modern iran
Term
cyrus the great
Definition
found first empire
Term
xerxes
Definition
flaunted persian identity
Term
darius
Definition
expanded empire
Term
royal road
Definition
helped communication and transportation
Term
satraps
Definition
persian administrative unit
Term
eyes and ears
Definition
spys
Term
qanat
Definition
persians underground canal
Term
persepolis
Definition
persias 2nd capital built by darius
Term
ganges and indus river
Definition
rivers that indian civs settled on
Term
deccan plateau
Definition
divides N and S india
Term
dravidians
Definition
earliest of india. agricultural society. invaded by aryans.
Term
monsoons
Definition
seasonal heavy wind and rain. causes flooding
Term
harappa and mohenjo daro
Definition
no written rcord. covered in silt by indus
Term
harappa and mohenjo daro
Definition
no written rcord. covered in silt by indus
Term
aryans
Definition
semi nomadic. spoke well
Term
rajas and maharaja
Definition
ruler of india
Term
arjuna
Definition
hindu warrior
Term
rigveda and mahabharata
Definition
poems- developed hindu values
Term
mauryan empire
Definition
all of northern india
Term
chandragupta maurya
Definition
trade and agriculture. foreign relationships
Term
dharma and karma
Definition
"do good dharma, get good karma"
dharma- the actions u should make.
karma- what goes around comes around
Term
caste system
Definition
indian social classes
Term
jati
Definition
subcaste
Term
brahmins and untouchables
Definition
brahmins- preistly class
untouchables- lowest class.
Term
hinduism
Definition
reincarnation, karma, most popular religion
Term
vedas
Definition
collection of hymns songs prayers and rituals honoring aryan gods
Term
upanishads
Definition
hindu scriptures
Term
reincarnation
Definition
rebirth
Term
buddhism
Definition
reaching spiritual perfection. help others who r struggling
Term
siddharta guatama
Definition
left family to live an ascetic life and become enlightened
Term
nirvana
Definition
state of enlightenment
Term
brahman
Definition
unchanging reality
Term
four noble truths and eightfold path
Definition
all life has suffering caused by desire. elimination of desire ends suffering
Term
ashoka
Definition
leader of mauryan empire. supported buddhism.
Term
ramayana
Definition
women=weak and emotional
Term
stupas
Definition
shrines
Term
sanskrit
Definition
indian language
Term
yellow and yangtze river
Definition
chinese settlements. "chinas sorrow" bc of massive floods
Term
shang dynasty
Definition
bronze metallurgy and horse drawn chariots.
Term
oracle bones
Definition
animal bones used to write on. used for medicine
Term
ancestor veneration
Definition
worshipped ancestors bc they believed they reincarnated and protected the family
Term
zhou dynasty
Definition
weak central gov.
Term
daoism
Definition
dao-divine force in the world
live simply, in harmony w/ nature
Term
yin and yang
Definition
balance in nature
Term
dynastic cycle
Definition
death and rebirth of an empire
Term
mandate of heaven
Definition
mandate is granted to one, if he is not a wise ruler, mandate is withdrawn
Term
confucius
Definition
straight foward
Term
the analects
Definition
book of masters sayings and teachings
Term
legalism
Definition
strict rules and punishment
Term
han feizi
Definition
reviewed legalist ideas
Term
laozi
Definition
daoism philosopher
Term
period of warring states
Definition
states took smaller states around them and took their rule
Term
qin dynasty
Definition
unified china, coinage
Term
shi huangdi
Definition
first emperor of qin
Term
terracotta army
Definition
qins army. help rule another empire in the afterlife
Term
great wall
Definition
keep invaders out from the north
Term
han dynasty
Definition
centralization, imperial rule
Term
fillial piety
Definition
respecting your elders
Term
calligraphy
Definition
visual art
Term
shi
Definition
chinese poet
Term
han wudi
Definition
centralization and imperial rule. han dynasty
Term
silk road
Definition
connecting asia w. mediterranean world. trade route
Term
polis
Definition
greek city state
Term
pericles
Definition
greek ruler. democracy
Term
socrates
Definition
method of questioning
Term
aristotle
Definition
distrusted democracy. method of reason
Term
alexander the great
Definition
conquers greece and persia
Term
plato
Definition
wrote republic. questions democracy. philosopher.
Term
hellenistic
Definition
greek spread culture far beyond greece
Term
olymics
Definition
poleis sent strong members to olympia to compete in contests
Term
athens
Definition
greek city state
Term
sparta
Definition
greek city. strong army
Term
solon
Definition
greek reformer
Term
paul, rome
Definition
jew who accepted christianity
Term
patrician
Definition
small group of wealthy class
Term
plebeian
Definition
big group of low class
Term
latifundia
Definition
great landed estates
Term
mare nostrum
Definition
mediterranean sea
Term
jesus of nazareth
Definition
central figure of christianity
Term
pax romana
Definition
roman law code, bought roman peace
Term
constatine
Definition
roman emperor
Term
republic
Definition
cause problems w/ patricians and plebeians.
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