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-oldest english long poem (1200 yrs ago)
-composed in mercia
-unsure of author |
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-heroism -kinship (between thane and warrior)
-community (mead hall) -personal glory
-deals with Geats (beowulf) and Danes (Hrothgar)
-reflects christian tradition (cain descendant)
-lament for heroes without light of christianity |
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| -Beowulf goes to Geatland, fights grendel in meadhall, takes arm, grendels mom comes for revenge, beowulf fights mother in underwater cave, B is hing in homeland, fights dragon & dies |
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-1375-1400
-represents alliterative revival
-stanza closes with A B A B A rhyme
-poets ideas may come from french romanticism |
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-idea of truth (faith pledged to lord, spouse person, keeping of ones word) *pentangle
- Gawain measured against moral christian ideal of chivalry
- Private vs personal. women = bedroom & privacy, court = men & public,
-bravery, honor, courtly love |
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| -green knight to arthurs court with challenge, gawian chops off his head & vows to seek green knight out, gawain goes to castle, tempted by kings wife, accepts nothing but green belt which saves life, green knight spares gawain but forces him to wear belt (mark of shame to gawain) all knight of round table wear belt |
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| -1343-1400, born into middle class, social rankings have complex layers, son of wine merchant, placed as page in aristocratic household, King Edwards household, upper class assoc. |
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| Canterbury Tales-General prologue |
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| -narrator describes spring, airy, dream-like tone to description. also announces intent to go to canterbury on pilgrimage, runs into 29 travelers and joins them, intent to describe each one. |
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| Canterbury Tales- Wife of bath prologue (good husbands) |
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| -describes background and 5 husbands, advocates marriage, admits to using sex to get $, attempts to be scholarly by citing bible and books but dos so incorrectly, husbands old submissive = good 3 |
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| Wife of bath- prologue (bad husbands) |
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| -4th and 5th husbands young. 4th had a mistress and wife tried to make him jealous. 5th she actually loves. he abused her but always made her want him. he hit her = deaf in one ear. had evil book about all bad wives. language course. admits softer side of character. realistic. |
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| knight rapes woman, queen spares life if he can find what women most desire. old hag tells him women desire to be in charge, must marry hag. hag asks if he wants her young & unfaithful or old & faithful. lets her choose both young & faithful |
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| -pardoner swears greed is root of all evil, also condemns swearing, gluttony, drunkenness (all which he possess) story of three men seeking death, old man sends them to pot of gold under tree, youngest goes to get food, poisons wine, others kill him drink wine all dead. pardoner corrupt, moment of sadness |
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| Wakefield's Second Shepherds play |
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| Performed at Wakefield in Yorkshire, Mysery Play, 3 Shepherds sheep stolen by Mak, Mak disguises lamb as baby, Shepherds visit and want to give money, find lamb but dont punish mak and wife severly, invited to see newborn christ. |
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| -1478-1535, wrote Utopia, English Renaissance, Son of Lawyer served as Page, torn between law and religion, VERY devout catholic, chose career in pub affairs, Henry VIII's confident and lord chancellor, role in war on heresy, resigned when English split from RCC, beheaded for refusing to admit king head of church instead of pope. |
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| -Perfect society, narrator encounters old traveller (Raphael) who retells of Utopian society, every house enters to garden, every city perfectly planned, no private property, rotate farm hours, free schooling, 6 hour work days, abolition of money, clothes all look the same, religiously devout, politics divided democratically |
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| -1530-1566, translated Castiglione's (1478- 1529) The Courtier into English, |
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