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Praxis II Study
Study for Praxis II
342
Art/Design
Not Applicable
05/10/2015

Additional Art/Design Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What artists' work is characterized by thickly applied paint and swirling brushstrokes?
Definition
Vincent Van Gogh
Term
The Spanish artist Pablo Picasso is most closely associated with what artistic movements?
Definition
Cubism
Term
hat artist created mobiles as a sculptural avenue to explore "freedom movement, the joy of ceaseless recombination of shapes?"
Definition
Alexander Calder
Term
Strict geometry of form and a great simplicity of flat, planar colors characterize the best-know work of?
Definition
Piet Mondrian
Term
The earliest know Greek drawings before 800 BC were recorded as geometric motifs on?
Definition
Pottery
Term
Egyptian art remained relatively stable over the centuries in large part because?
Definition
Art was seen as closely related to Egyptian ideas of an after life
Term
Historically, Navajo art are famous for their work with?
Definition
Silver and weaving
Term
What is a clear example of post and lintel construction?
Definition
Stonehenge
Term
Augustus Prima Porta exhibits the figural quality know as?
Definition
Contrapposto
Term
The formulation of a one-point perspective in drawing and painting during the Renaissance is credited to?
Definition
Filippo Brunnelleschi
Term
Many mosques, such as the Great Mosque at Cordoba, are characterized by?
Definition
A hypostyle hall topped by large horseshoe-shaped arches
Term
The use of both barrel and groin vaulted ceiling made of stone are characteristics of what time period?
Definition
Romanesque period of the middle ages
Term
The bayeux tapestry derived its significance from what event?
Definition
The battle of Hastings, the Norman conquest of England
Term
The most consistent theme in the work of Pieter Brugel the Elder was?
Definition
The life of the peasant
Term
18th century painter and graphic artist William Hogarth produced a series of pictures that functioned chiefly as?
Definition
Social Satire
Term
A defining influence of Dutch Baroque art was the?
Definition
Rise of middle class art consumers
Term
The style of El Greco's Paintings can best be described as?
Definition
Mannerist
Term
Goya's "Disasters of War" can be seen as the prototype for what work by Pablo Picasso?
Definition
Guernica
Term
The modernist art movement that glorified the machine by stating that "a speeding motorcar... is more beautiful that the Nike of Samothrace" was
Definition
Futurism
Term
What Building is considered an Art Deco masterpiece?
Definition
Chrysler Building, NY
Term
What is an ancient technique that was revived by Mexican painters of the early twentieth century, such as diego rivera and jose clemente orozco?
Definition
Fresco
Term
Large scale public works of aert sich as running fence and wrapped reichstag were created by?
Definition
Jeanne-Claude and Christo
Term
When a painting is described as "painterly" it indicates that the artist has used the paint?
Definition
In a loose gestural way
Term
Eva Hesse uses what design principle exemplified in her work?
Definition
Repetition
Term
The paintings of Paul Cezanne reflect the artist's interest in?
Definition
The analytic use of line, place, and color to construct visual space
Term
bisque
Definition
clay work that has been fired in a kiln to harden the clay
Term
bone dry
Definition
clay in which all the moisture has dried out
Term
burnish
Definition
to polish clay while it is in the greenware stage
Term
clay
Definition
a natural, earthly material that retains its shape and hardens when fired
Term
casting
Definition
to pour clay slip into plaster molds; allows mass production of one form
Term
coil method
Definition
a method of creating pots by building bottom and walls with even, rope-like coils, method of creating clay work where you roll out long, snake-like pieces of clay--a method of creating pots by building bottom and walls with even, rope-like coils
Term
firing
Definition
making clay products permanent through baking at high temperatures in a kiln-making clay products permanent through baking at high temperatures in a kiln, the process of increasing the temperature in a kiln until desired temperature is reached, effecting a chemical change in the clay body
Term
glaze
Definition
liquid glass that melts and bonds to clay through the heat of the kiln
Term
leather-hard
Definition
the state where the clay has dried enough to be handled without distorting the shape yet add additions such as handles can be attached, clay is cool and moist, but can hold its shape.
Term
kiln
Definition
an oven that can reach extreme temperatures necessary to harden clay and melt glazes
Term
scoring
Definition
scratching the surfaces of clay that are to be connected, scratching or roughing up the surface of leather-hard clay in preparation for joining pieces together.
Term
slip
Definition
clay diluted with water to the consistency as cream; used for joining or as a engobe
Term
incise
Definition
a technique where one cuts into clay
Term
impress
Definition
a technique where one makes a mark by adding pressure
Term
relief
Definition
a sculpture in which figures or forms project from a flat surface
Term
slab
Definition
large flat piece of clay formed by rolling or throwing. clay evenly rolled and formed by draping or joining.
Term
wedging
Definition
kneading clay in order to remove air bubbles and prepare it to be used
Term
sloyd knife
Definition
special clay knife used to cut or score
Term
throwing ribs
Definition
wooden, wedge shaped tools for smoothing
Term
elephant ear sponge
Definition
silk or natural sponge for smoothing and moistening
Term
decal
Definition
designs that are transferred to ware before firing; ofter used in china decorating
Term
earthenware
Definition
low-fire pottery (below 2000 degrees), a natural clay, usually tan or red in color but can also be white. When fired to its' maturing temperature the body is still porous and will not hold liquid unless glazed.
Term
egyptian paste
Definition
low-fire, self-glazing body fires to a gloss or crackle finish
Term
engobe
Definition
A prepared slip which is half way between a glaze and clay. a glaze made of clay diluted with water that is painted on greenware.
Term
raku
Definition
low fire-ofter done outdoorss that produces dark areas and iridescence effects on surface. Developed in Japan during 1600s.
Term
reduction firing
Definition
a firing in which insufficient air is supplied to the kiln chamber, produces incomplete combustion of the fuel, causing the oxides to change colors.
Term
sgraffito
Definition
Scratching throguh one layer of clay, slip or glaze to reveal color underneath.
Term
stoneware
Definition
ceramic ware that is fired in high heat and vitrified and nonporous. gray, reddish, or tan clay that has been high fired (cone 5 to 10)
Term
talc
Definition
a compound added to white clay
Term
terra cotta
Definition
reddish clay that cotains grog, commonly used for ceramic sculpture (cone 6 to 5)
Term
grog
Definition
Hard-fired clay that has been pulverized into tiny particles and then added into wet clay to help reduce shrinkage and warping.
Term
throwing
Definition
creating vessel on potters wheel
Term
turning
Definition
completing a piece of ware by rotating on wheel and trimming with tool
Term
underglaze
Definition
colors that can be painted on greenware that will show through a clear glaze
Term
wax resist
Definition
the application of melting wax to the foot or body of a clay object to resist the glaze
Term
wedging
Definition
kneading moist clay to eliminate air bubbles and produce a uniform texture
Term
armature
Definition
something that supports clay while it is being formed, such as newspaper or drape mold in pottery
Term
bat
Definition
a flat plaster of paris block for drying clay
Term
bead tree
Definition
nichrome wire for supporting beads while firing in kiln
Term
caliper
Definition
measuring tool for checking symmetry and fitting lids to pots
Term
clay paddles
Definition
stick similar to a batten or ruler for paddling coil-built clay for bases
Term
clay paddles
Definition
stick similar to a batten or ruler for paddling coil-built clay for bases
Term
cone
Definition
mixture of clay and glaze with specific, predetermined melting point;used in firing
Term
drape molds
Definition
molds of plaster for draping a slab of clay until dry
Term
extruder
Definition
a tool that produces specific shapes when clay is forced through a hollow tube
Term
firebrick
Definition
An insulation brick used to hold the heat in the kiln withstanding high temperatures.
Term
kiln furniture
Definition
THE SHELVES, POSTS, AND STILTS PLACED INSIDE THE KILN TO HOLD POTTERY WHILE FIRING
Term
kiln screen
Definition
fire proof curtain on three-fold aluminum frame for screening off the kiln
Term
kiln wash
Definition
a protective coating on the kiln and shelves to protect it from glaze drips
Term
plaster of paris
Definition
cilcined gypsum used in bats for drying clay and molds for casting. a white material that is powdery and added slowly to cold water to mix in to a liquid. It hardens rapidly and is used for carving or mold making
Term
dagurerrotype
Definition
An obsolete photographic process in which a picture
made on a silver surface is sensitized with iodine; and developed by exposure to mercury vapor.
Term
The paintings of Paul Cezanne reflect the artist's interest in what?
Definition
the analytical use line, plane, and color to construct visual space
Term
Titian's oil painting method involved
Definition
multiple glazes of color.
Term
Judy Chicago's Dinner Party celebrates?
Definition
the achievements and contributions of women throughout history
Term
In Chinese art, dragons generally symbolize
Definition
good fortune and power
Term
Which artists' work falls under the category of assemblage?
Definition
Louise Nevelson
Term
design qualities
Definition
The aesthetic theory known as formalism places an emphasis in artwork on
Term
Caravaggio's method of creating dramatic contrasts of dark and light, which influences artists throughout Europe during the Baroque period, is called
Definition
tenebrism
Term
Which of the following terms refers to the intensity of a color?
Definition
saturation
Term
A sculptural form, often used by ancient Greeks to decorate temples, that protrudes significantly from a flat surface is known as a
Definition
high relief.
Term
6B
Definition
Which designation represents the softest graphite compression for a pencil?
Term
The most common solvent used in studio processes is
Definition
water
Term
Which of the following is a drawing process that uses changes in value to represent a 3D surface
Definition
modeling
Term
Which of the following terms refers to the liquid that holds pigments in suspension
Definition
vehicle
Term
Papier-mache is best described as which of the following?
Definition
a process of gluing multiple layers of paper onto an armature
Term
Which of the following types of tape is most commonly used in hard edge painting?
Definition
masking tape
Term
Which of the pairs of terms refers to hand-building processes with clay?
Definition
coil..slab
Term
Applying paint in a thick application is known as
Definition
impasto
Term
Chromatic gray can be achieved by mixing
Definition
orange and blue
Term
The term aperture in photography refers to
Definition
lens opening
Term
In 2D work of art, a bird's-eye or worm's eye vidm of an object can best achieved by using which of the following perspectives?
Definition
three point
Term
Which tools are commonly used in printmaking?
Definition
Burin.....squeegee
Term
In digital photography, image sharpness is determined by
Definition
resolution
Term
Fine metal wire is used to organize colors that are fused into hard enamel-like surfaces?
Definition
Cloisonné
Term
Ceramic clay that requires the highest firing temperature to mature is
Definition
true porcelain
Term
When digital artwork is being prepared for printing, the color mode must be..
Definition
CMYK
Term
Which of the following is a technique that involves brushing paint over a dried layer of paint so that the dried layer shows through?
Definition
Scumbling
Term
Which of the following presents a significant health risk for absorption through healthy, unbroken skin?
Definition
Turpentine
Term
The printmaking process that uses ink passing through a screen is
Definition
serigraphy
Term
The term "lost-wax" refers to
Definition
a technique of casting metal in a plaster mold
Term
Etching bath
Definition
Work with which of the following requires good ventilation
Term
bitmaps
Definition
In computer-art paint programs, images are stored as pixels, a series of tiny dots are called
Term
Which of the following materials is used to stop paper from absorbing paint in water-based painting?
Definition
Frisket
Term
Which printmaking processes is additive?
Definition
Collagraphy
Term
Brayer
Definition
What is a printmaker's hand-inking roller?
Term

[image]


Who painted Judith Beheading Holofernes?

Definition
Artemesia Gentileschi
Term

What is the style of Judith beheading Holofernes painting

Definition
Drmatic Scene
Term

Abraham Mignon's Still Life of Flowers. What is the message of this painting.

Definition
Fleeting nature of life
Term

[image]

 

What artwork has been described as a shingle factory explosion?

Definition
Nude Descending a Staircase - Duschamp
Term

[image]

 

What is this building?

Definition

Taj Majal

Term

The use of decorative calligraphy is tied to which religion? 

Definition

Islamic

Term

Which group often used Greek examples in their artwork?

Definition

Romans

Term
What region is the Book of Kelts and the Lindisfame from?
Definition

Celtic

Term
  1. What technique was first used in the Renaissance to achieve linear perspective?

Definition
Camera Obscura
Term

Thomas Jefferson's architecture, Monticello, is designed in what style?

Definition

Neo Classical

Term
Max Ernst anticipated and manipulated which of the following postmodern design as a means of conveying a sense of the irrational and the illogical?
Definition
Juxtaposition
Term

Which of the following terms refers to Archaic Greek statues whose poses-rigidly frontal with clenched fists-recall the stance of ancient Egyptian statues.

Definition
Kouroi
Term
Architecture of an Asian courtyard with a temple- The layout of design of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, China, are intended mainly as a symbolic expression of the?
Definition
Connection between imperial and cosmic orders
Term

In Michelangelo's sculpture, above, David's expression is best characterized as?

Definition
Tense and watchful
Term

The contemporary artist Cindy Sherman is best known for her work in which of the following media?

Definition
Photography
Term

The aesthetic philosophy that claims that the value of a work of art is determined by museums and galleries is know as?

Definition
Institutionalism
Term

What style of artwork is Faberge known for?

Definition
Jewelry
Term

whiting

Definition

powdered calcium carbonate used in gesso, or added to rabbit-skin glue for gesso

Term

wet-in-wet

Definition
the action of spreading paint when new pigment is added to wet paper
Term

watercolor paper

Definition
hot press (smooth), cold press (textured), rough (unfinished surface)
Term

watercolor

Definition
pigments in a gum solution to be applied with a wet brush; comes in tubes or cakes
Term
Wash
Definition
a thin application of paint
Term
transparent colors
Definition
those that allow a strong underneath color to show through
Term
tint
Definition
any color mixed with white
Term
tertiary colors
Definition
the colors achieved by mixing a primary with its adjacent seconary color; for example red mixed with orange to make red-orange
Term
tempera (liquid)
Definition
creamy, opaque, water-based paint in a variety of grades, colors, and sizes
Term
tempera (dry cakes)
Definition
thick squares of dry tempera that do not have the covering power of most tempras
Term
stretchers
Definition
wood strips of varying lengths fitted together to make a support frame for canvas
Term
shade
Definition
any color mixed with black
Term
a smoky, hazy effect with soft edges
Definition
sfumato
Term
scumbing
Definition
adding a thin layer of color over a dry underlayer allowing the underalayer to show through
Term
powdered pigments
Definition
ground pure color powder, to be mixed with a medium such as oil or water
Term
poster tempera
Definition
paint that has better-than-average covering power
Term
polychrome
Definition
multicolored
Term
pigment
Definition
earth, minerals, or chmicals finely ground and easily suspended in a wet or dry medium
Term
paper weight
Definition
a rating system of thickness of paper ranging from 40 to 400 point (heaviest)
Term
panel
Definition
a painting surface of prepared wood, masonite, or canvas-covered carboard
Term
palette
Definition
the wooden, metal plastic, or paper surface on which paint is placed and mixed
Term
ox gall
Definition
a wetting agent that causes pigment to separate; used in marbleizing
Term
oriental papers
Definition
rice, mulberry, etc; range from heavy to quite delicate
Term
opaque
Definition
pigment that does not allow underneath colors to show through
Term
oil paint
Definition
traditional painting medium; slow-drying; pure pigment mixed with oild, permanent
Term
neutral colors
Definition
complementary colors mixed to produce a dull, subdued color (variations of gray); the non-colors of black and white
Term
multicultural tempera
Definition
these colors feature the skin tones of various populations
Term
modeling paste
Definition
produces lightweight textures for use with acrylics
Term
minerals
Definition
cadmium red, ultramarine blue, cobalt, cadmium yellow
Term
medium
Definition
a painting method such as oild, watercolor, or gouache; or a liquid such as copal varnish or linseed oild that is mixed with oil paints
Term
matte gel
Definition
when applied to acrylic paint, increases working time and transparency; also acts as an adhesive
Term
masonite
Definition
fiberboard made from wood fiber; used as a support for painting
Term
magna
Definition
trade name for a line of straight acrylic colors
Term
low key
Definition
subdued, grayed color, or a very dark composition
Term
linear perspective
Definition
the use of lines and diminishing size to create a feeling of depth; based on a geomateric system of measurement
Term
intensity
Definition
color used in its purest hue without mixing can be said to have its purest intensity
Term
impasto
Definition
the thick building up of pigment to give visible texture
Term
illuminated manuscript
Definition
an illustrated text of the middle ages, often highlight with gold
Term
hue
Definition
color at its purest intensity
Term
highlight
Definition
whight or light tone that has reflective qualities
Term
high key
Definition
color applied in its purest intensity; a very light composition
Term
heavy gel medium
Definition
when mixed with acrylic paint, produces textures similar to oils
Term
ground
Definition
the underpainted surface that gives tonal qualities to paintings; for example, white umber, or ochre
Term
grisaille
Definition
a term for paintings done in all gray, black, and white
Term
gouache
Definition
opaque watercolor paint with a high concentration of pigment, or paint to which white pigment has been added; sometimes called poster paint
Term
gloss medium
Definition
when added to acrylic paint gives a glossy finish; also acts as a varnish or glue
Term
glaze
Definition
a transparent coat of paint that allows underneath to show through, or the building up an area through separate applications of color
Term
glair
Definition
egg-white binding agent for pigment; used in illumanated manuscripts or for gilding with gold dust
Term
gesso
Definition
mixture of glue, whiting, and water used as an undercoat for painting
Term
gel medium
Definition
add to acrylic paint as an extender for thick, transparent glazes; increases gloss and handling time
Term
fesco secco
Definition
the application of a pigment int a dried plastered surface
Term
fluorescent tempera
Definition
brilliant colors, powder or liquid
Term
fingerpaint
Definition
washable paint with a buttery smooth consistancy
Term
figure/ground relationship
Definition
the contrast between a subject and its background
Term
encaustic wax
Definition
pigment already available in wax molds that become molten when heated
Term
egg tempera
Definition
pigment mixed with egg yolk and linseed oild for use in painting fescoes, canvases or panels
Term
earth colors
Definition
pigments that occur naturally in earth or ore; for example, raw sienna, burnt sienna, burnt umber yellow ochre
Term
drybrush painting
Definition
making the brush almost free of pigment before applying
Term
designer colors
Definition
opaque watercolors used mostly in commercial art
Term
cool colors
Definition
colors that recede, such as blue, green, voilet
Term
complementary colors
Definition
colors located directly opposite one another on the color wheel
Term
chiaroscuro
Definition
the contrast of light and dark areas in painting
Term
casein
Definition
a milk-based opaque paint that may be diluted with water; intermixable
Term
carbon compounds
Definition
very strong dye colors; alizain crimson, thalo blue, thalo green
Term
buon (true) fresco
Definition
the application of pigment into a freshly plastered still-damp surface
Term
blending
Definition
the transition of color from one tone to another; for eample, in a sky
Term
bleeding
Definition
the tendency for some colors to show through a second layer of paint
Term
beeswax
Definition
a natural white or yellow wax mixed with dry pigment to produce a matte look
Term
alla prima
Definition
the application of paint "all at once", which in oil paint means that it is not allowed to dry betwen coats
Term
alkyd
Definition
alkyd resin binder modified with pol; rapid drying similary to pol in texture
Term
aerial perspective
Definition
sense of depth created through using sub-dued colors to indicate distance
Term
acrylic retarder
Definition
added to color, it slows drying time
Term
acrylic
Definition
water-soluble polymer-based paint that may be used as "watercolor" or "oil"
Term
artist proof
Definition
one of a small group of prints set aside from an edition for the artist's use
Term
aquatint
Definition
a method of etching that imitates the broad washes of a water color, a method of etching that relies on flecks of material such as a sprinkled powdered resin or spray paint; used to prevent acid from eathing away certain areas of metal plate
Term
additive drawing
Definition
a direct painting onto glass or plastic that is then printed on paper
Term
baren
Definition
a Japanese tool for applying pressure to the back of the printmaking paper while making a wood cut
Term
bevel
Definition
to file the edge of printmaking plate (so it doesn't tear the paper)
Term
blanket
Definition
wool felts, usually three, used on an etching press to apply a cushioned pressure to the paper during printing
Term
blockout
Definition
any material applied to a plate, block, or screen to prevent a specific area from printing
Term
burnisher
Definition
in relief printing, any device used to push the paper against the inked surface
Term
cardboard relief print
Definition
a print made in the relief manner from inked peices of corrugated cardboard or mat board that are attached to a base before printing
Term
charge
Definition
to cover the silk screen with ink prior to printing
Term
collagraph
Definition
a collage-like assemblage built up on the surface such as masonite, wood, or matboard; it is then varnished, inked and printed
Term
edition
Definition
a set of idential prints, numbered and signed by the artist
Term
embossing
Definition
damp paper is run through a press on an uninked plate, creating impressions in the paper, but no color. A relief or intagilo print in which the image appears raised fom the surface of the paper
Term
etching
Definition
an intablio printmaking technique in which a metal plate is covered with an acid-resistant ground and wored with an etching needle to create an image.
Term
gesso
Definition
a mixture a gypusm a glue useful in collagraph printmaking to create texture and line
Term
ghost image
Definition
in monotype printmaking, the second image pulled from the printmaking plate
Term
gouge
Definition
and edge tool with a v or u-shaped blade like a trough for cutting channels or grooves into wood or linoleum
Term
ink
Definition
pigment combined with a binder
Term
intagilo
Definition
printing techniques in which paper is pushed into inked depressions in the printmaking plate in order to create the image
Term
linoleum print
Definition
a relief print made by cutting into linoleum
Term
monoprint
Definition
a print pulled from an etching, woodblock or collagraph plate that has been altered, making it unique
Term
monotype
Definition
a print pulled in an edition of one from a painted plate that has no permanant markings on it, usualy plexyglass or metal
Term
pigment
Definition
coloring material in ink or paint
Term
print
Definition
an image produced by placing paper, cloth or other materials in contact with an inked surface and applying pressure, or by pressing ink onto a surface or stencil
Term
proof print
Definition
a trial print pulled to test technical aspects of an image
Term
pull
Definition
to print an image
Term
ream
Definition
five hundred sheets of paper
Term
reduction block print
Definition
a relief print made by alternately cutting and printing the same block, usually working from light colors to dark
Term
registration marks
Definition
marks made on the press bedplate or on the printing surface to help insure that the paper is in exactly the same position everytime when printing.
Term
relief printing
Definition
printmaking techniques in chich the image is printed from the raised areas of the printmaking block
Term
serigraphy
Definition
printing techniques that make use of a flat tool to force ink through a stencil directly onto paper (silkscreen printing)
Term
squeegee
Definition
a silkscreen tool used for pushing ink through a stencil onto paper or fabric
Term
suite
Definition
a related group of original prints
Term
veiner
Definition
small u or v shaped gouges used for wood block cutting
Term
wood engraving
Definition
a relief print made on the end grain of a block of wood
Term
Baren
Definition
a Japanese tool for applying pressure to the back of the printmaking paper while making a wood cut
Term
bench hook
Definition
a metal or wooden plate with a raised edge to hold woodcut or linocut in place on a table while cutting
Term
block print
Definition
print made from wood, linoleum, or vinyl
Term
bur
Definition
the metal fuzz left after scratching is made into a metal plate
Term
drypoint
Definition
a technique that requires the artist to scratch the metal plate with a needle that causes a clean, sharp line, unlike engraving
Term

etching

Definition
A type of engraving in which the design is incised through a layer of wax or varnish on a copper plate; after the incising, the plate is immersed in acid, which eats away at any exposed portions of the plate
Term

etching

Definition
A type of engraving in which the design is incised through a layer of wax or varnish on a copper plate; after the incising, the plate is immersed in acid, which eats away at any exposed portions of the plate
Term

hard ground

Definition
a waxy acid-resistant substance painted or rubbed and melted onto the etching plate; a design is scratched through it
Term

linocut

Definition
A relief process in printmaking, in which an artist cuts away negative spaces from a block of linoleum, leaving raised areas to take ink for printing.
Term
mezzotint
Definition
very dark etching made with a tool that has many tiny points, somtimes called a rocker tool, or a roulette
Term

monotransfer

Definition
turpentine put directly on fresh newspaper or magazine prints and placed on fresh paper, then burnished on the back with a pencil to transfer the prints to the clean paper
Term
mordant
Definition
acid used in etching:nitic acid, hyrochloric acid, and ferric chloride
Term
plate
Definition
the basis of a print-can be a wooden or linoleum block, cardboard or collagraph, or metal
Term
rainbow roll
Definition
placing three inks next to each other, then using a brayer to transfer them to a printing plate
Term

reduction block print

Definition
one plate is printed several times, removing a portion and changing color each time (working from lightest to darkest)
Term

registration

Definition
correct alignment in printing plate
Term

slab of glass

Definition
used for mixing inks (usually has white paper kept under it)
Term

soft ground

Definition
a waxy, acid-resistant substance that is rubbed onto a warmed metal plate; it is sensitive to pressure, and materials may be pressed into the surface or a design drawn into it
Term
stopping out
Definition
applying varnish to areas of metal plate to prevent acid from etching; usually combined with aquatint
Term

sugar lift

Definition
a sugar-water solution painted onto a metal plate will crawl; when the solution is dry, a wx resist is painted on top and the sugar-water is removed; the plate is then immersed in acid to etch the open areas
Term

wood engraving

Definition
a relief printing cut with engraving tools into the end-blocks of wood, which are more dense than regular woodcut plates
Term

frottage

Definition
A textural transfer technique; the process of making rubbings with graphite or crayon on paper laid over a textured surface
Term

monotype

Definition
a simple printmaking technique in which ink or paint is appleid to a metal or plastic plate, worked with various tools, and then printed onto paper using a press, roller, or other pressure.
Term

relief print

Definition
printing process in which the printing plate that has raised that is rolled with ink to print.
Term

Sunken relief sculpture is created by

Definition
incising - (cut into) a surface, often a wall. It is often is painted with the incised lines serving as outlines
Term

The Pueblo Native American who made the black on black pottery ware, made in the San Ildefonso Pueblo in New Mexico famous was

Definition
Maria Martinez
Term

What does the term Kore relate to?

Definition
A Greek sculpture of female youth. The female counterpart of Kouros.
Term

In painting featuring RECLINING NUDES such as "olympia" by Edourard Manet, 1863 in Paris, these paintings are often referred to as

Definition
odalisque
Term

Paints made from pigments bound in an oil-modified synthetic resin (dry faster) are

Definition
alkyd paints
Term

In carving stone, a tool with a flat chisel and a broad head... used for rough hewing or shaping.

Definition
drove
Term

The first Italian art historian who wrote "The Lives or the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects" pubished in 1550?

Definition
Vasari (1500's)
Term

In 19th century France, the Academie des Beaux-Arts advocated aesthetic prinicipals that can best be described as

Definition
traditional - highly critical of the Impressionists
Term

In 19th century France, the Academie des Beaux-Arts advocated aesthetic prinicipals that can best be described as

Definition
traditional - highly critical of the Impressionists
Term
The late 19th century European movement based on the idea that art exists for the sake of its BEAUTY alone is known as
Definition
aestheticism
Term
Winslow Homer (1836-1910) is best known for his paintings of ...
Definition
seascapes of coast of Maine
Term

What is an accurate definition of "laid papers"?

Definition
paper with impressions of parallel lines due to the pulp resting against wires on the screen as the paper is being made
Term

The width of the stroke in watercolor paintings is deteremined by the width of the brush AND

Definition
the pressure exerted on the brush.
Term

The artists who painted murals of pioneers in the Midwest American Plains as heroes, were part of which form of realism?

Definition
american scene - depicting the depression, romanticizing the pioneer spirit to inspire optimism (Thomas Hart Benton / John Steuard Curry / Grant Wood)
Term

The most common subject of the Barbizon School of Painters in the village of Barbizon, France was

Definition
rural scenes
Term
Which theory places emphasis on the expressive qualities of art?
Definition
emotionalism
Term

The art movement that was inspired by Dada and Freud's theories of the unconscious is

Definition
surrealism
Term

Which of the following artists created ink drawings in the style of Japanese woodcuts that portrayed the decadent, the grotesque, and the erotic?

Definition
Aubrey Beardsley
Term

Exposure to carbon tetrachloride can cause what damage to humans?

Definition
death or severve liver damage.
Term

What term is used to describe the process of making a composite photograph by combining other photographs?

Definition
photomontage
Term

A term referring to purely visual aspects of the art and architecture, including color, line and composition, is know as

Definition
form 
Content refers subject matter
Style refers to combination of form and content
Term

What message did French painter, Rene Magritte try to portray with his painting of "the Pipe" (1898-1967)

Definition
art is art and reality is reality, and the two should not be confused.
Term

What is the recommended method of cleaning marble?

Definition
using a non-corrosive abrasive.
Term

Flattened columns applied to the surface of a wall with decorative features made to look like weight-bearing are known as

Definition
pilasters
(used extensively by Renaissance and Baroque architects)
Term

What was a common subject in the paintings of Edgar Degas (1834-1917)?

Definition
ballet dancers
Term
A pattern which is repeated at increasingly smaller or larger scales to produce irregular shapes that cannot be represented by classical geometry is known as
Definition
fractal
Term

A triad on a color wheel refers to any three equally spaced colors. The most common triads are the primary colors (red, blue, yellow) and the secondary colors (purple, green, orange). However any three hues that are equidistant from each other constitute a triad 

Definition
three colors equally spaced apart
Term
Which of the following is the most reasonable action to take for an artist whose work requires to use a specific hazardous product
Definition
Reading the product's label and proceeding according to the label directions
Term
In weaving, the vertical and horizontal threads in a loom are called the
Definition
warp and weft
Term
Fragile works of sculpture can be displayed most securely by placing the works
Definition
in glass-paneled cases
Term
The 19th-century photographic process used to create a daguerreotype was notable for its
Definition
ability to capture sharp detial
Term
The mark making in Elizabeth Catlett's Sharecropper, shown, identifies the print as
Definition
a linocut
Term

Which of the following are appropriate ways to produce a textured surface on a moist clay project that is going to be fired?

Select all that apply.

Definition

1. Pushing and pinching with one’s fingers

2. Digging parallel channels with a comb

3.Using slip to press on scored pieces of moist clay

Term
Of the following, the type of ceramic product that requires the highest firing temperature is
Definition
true porcelain
Term
To create intricately patterned batiks, Javanese artists work in stages using which of the following techniques?
Definition
They work with progressively darker dye colors.
Term
The Red Tree illustrates the use of which of the following principles of design?
Definition
Dynamic balance around a vertical axis
Term
A line that crosses a surface and defines changes in the surface of the form is known as a
Definition
cross-contour line
Term
To expand the image of David Smith's sculpture, click on the plus sign.
Definition
Formalism
Term
In her painting Judith and Holofernes, shown, Artemisia Gentileschi drew attention to the painting's focal point, the beheading of Holofernes, primarily through the use of
Definition
lines created by the figures' limbs 
Term
In addition to the shape created by the internal red lines on the illuminated manuscript page, the distinction between figure and ground is created through
Definition
shifts in color relationships
Term

Which of the following media are often used to produce a hard, glossy finish?

Select all that apply.

Definition

1. Lacquer

2. Enamel

Term
Which of the following is a drawing process that uses changes in value to represent a three-dimensional surface?
Definition
Modeling
Term

Which of the following are accurate statements about monoprinting?

Select all that apply.

Definition

1. Both water-based and oil-based inks can be used to produce monoprints.

2. Monoprinting is well suited to the creation of loose and expressive images.

Term
A designer who carefully selects a particular typeface to use in a design is likely to be most concerned with the
Definition
exact shapes of the letters
Term
All of the following terms refer to ways of joining two pieces of metal EXCEPT
Definition
forging
Term
The term "lost wax" refers to
Definition
 a technique of casting metal in a plaster mold
Term
Which of the following adhesives is archival and safest to use when hinging a two-dimensional artwork to museum board?
Definition
Wheat paste
Term

Which of the following describe the goals of the artists associated with the Art Nouveau movement?

Select all that apply.

Definition

1. To revitalize the arts with a unifying style of flowing organic forms

2. To create art suited to the realities of the industrial age

Term
Of the following, the decorative motifs of the eighteenth-century architect Robert Adam are most similar to those found on
Definition
Wedgwood pottery
Term
The sculpture shown is an example of which art-historical style?
Definition
Imperial Roman
Term
The New York artist Jean-Michel Basquiat is most closely associated with which of the following art movements?
Definition
Neo-Expressionism
Term
Knowledge of Byzantine art before the ninth century is fragmented, largely because of the
Definition
iconoclasts’ destruction of icons during the eighth century
Term
Which of the following is a feature of Hokusai's Japanese landscape that would distinguish it from a European landscape painting or print created prior to 1850 ?
Definition
The flat use of color and abstract shapes
Term
In jewelry making, which of the following is a process in which fine metal wire is used to organize colors that are fused into hard enamel-like surfaces?
Definition
Cloisonné
Term
Most of these colossal heads were found defaced and buried, probably to mark the death of a ruler of which of the following civilizations?
Definition
Olmec
Term
A Mesoamerican stone sculpture depicting a large figure reclining with a bowl in its lap is commonly referred to as
Definition
a Chac Mool
Term
The philosopher Arthur Danto laid the groundwork for an institutional theory of art that rests on which of the following ideas? 
Definition
Art is determined by the artworld.
Term
This work, painted by James Abbott McNeill Whistler, promotes which of the following philosophical stances?
Definition
Art can be created for the sake of its intrinsic beauty alone.
Term
In the 1800s, the painting shown created a controversy among art critics primarily because the artist painted
Definition
a flattened figure with few shadows and little modeling
Term

The Feldman method of art criticism includes description, analysis, interpretation, and which of the following?

Definition
Judgment
Term

Artists often make choices that demonstrate the influence of another artist’s work. Such choices can be influenced by the work of artists of the same time and culture or by the work of artists of completely different cultures or eras.

Select and clearly identify one work in any medium, either two- or three-dimensional, that is known to have been influenced by the work of another artist. Clearly identify both artists. Using specific visual evidence, analyze how and why the work you have selected was influenced by the work of the other artist. (15 minutes)

Definition
Term

Choose one of your works in which the use of unity and/or variety is clear.

  • Briefly describe how unity and/or variety are evident in the work.
  • Analyze the way in which unity and/or variety contribute to the impact of the work.

Be sure to refer to specific visual and/or conceptual aspects of the work to support your discussion.

Definition
Term

Choose one of your works in which the concept and the materials are closely related.

What is the concept of this work? Identify a decision you made about materials for the work. How did this decision contribute to the work's concept?

Definition
Term
bar tack
Definition
short sewn stitches worked parallel and very close together. They are often worked across both lines of stitching at the ends of a buttonhole to reinforce them.

Term
Infrared reflectography
Definition
used to examine the ground layer of a painting. The resulting images allow art historians to research the drawings beneath the paint, such as signatures or alterations
Term
punty
Definition
 long iron rod used in glassblowing. The punty is used to handle glass while it is being shaped and worked
Term
egg-and- dart
Definition
is commonly used in molding on architecture or furniture. Commonly found in classic Greek and Roman architecture, the pattern type features a series of oval figures alternating with various types of arrowhead figures.
Term
Islamic arch
Definition
curves upward and inward and ends in a point. Its shape suggests a graceful motion and an upward thrust
Term
sfumato
Definition
the use of gentle gradations of tone to create form in oil painting. The term derives from the Italian word fumo, meaning “smoke” and the distinctive characteristic of sfumato is the blending of tones as if seen through smoke
Term
Triple Beam Balance
Definition
 most accurate commercial scale used in ceramics that is on the market.
Term
Biscuit, or bisque
Definition
refers to clay that has been fired once, but that has not been glazed.
Term
Parsemage
Definition
refers to the process of collecting dust from charcoal or chalk that has been sprinkled on the water's surface by skimming a piece of paper under it.
Term
Rhyton
Definition
Ancient Greece, a rhyton is a horn-shaped sculpture with either an animal or human-shaped base used as a drinking vessel. 
Term
gestalt 
Definition
physical, psychological, or symbolic arrangement of parts so unified as a whole that its properties cannot be understood as a simple summation of its parts.
Term
encaustic painting
Definition
 or hot wax painting comes from ancient Greece where it was a major creative art process for both easel and mural painting. It involves using heated wax to which colored pigments are added. Metal tools and special brushes can be used to shape the paint before it cools, or heated metal tools can be used to manipulate the wax once it has cooled onto the surface.
Term
Hollow building
Definition
technique used in ceramics in which the form is made hollow throughout. It helps ensure that no single part of the work is thicker than another.
Term
Lampworking
Definition
Lampworking is a type of glass working in which rods of molten glass are shaped with hand tools. It is called lampworking because oil-fueled lamps were originally used to melt the glass. Lampworking is different from glassblowing in that it uses hand tools rather than a blowpipe to shape molten glass.

Term
allegory
Definition
An allegory is a work in which the subject matter represents a wider moral or intellectual concept than the basic representation. This is normally accomplished by the use of symbols or classical allusions.
Term
Kanshitsu 
Definition
artistic technique of building up layers of lacquer and hemp over a piece of clay to form a hollow sculpture.
Term
Thomas Gainsborough
Definition
The Blue Boy" by Thomas Gainsborough (1727-1788), is one the best known works of the Rococo era. The young man in the painting appears to be of noble birth, but it is alleged that the model was the son of a wealthy hardware merchant, although this has never been proven
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