Term
| Teachers need to undergo extensive preparation in the following disciplines inherent in literacy: |
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Definition
Language development, phonology, phonemic awareness, alphabet knowledge, handwriting, decoding, spelling, fluency, vocabulary, comprehension, somposition, testing , assessment, lesson planning, behavior management, study skills, history of the ENglish language use of technology and the needs of older struggling readers. |
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Term
| The move toward data analysis and research to improve instruction due to NCLB and the Reading First Initiative resulted in: |
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Definition
RTI or Response To Intervention for
Differentiated Instruction,
the creation of the Common Core Standards
and
the adoption of the International Dyslexia Association's set of standards
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Term
| What is the basis for differentiated instruction? |
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Definition
| That it is language based, intensive, systematic, direct and comprehensive. |
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Term
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Definition
| unique cognitive and linguistic strengths and differences to the task. |
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Term
| Teachers who work at prevention, intervention and remediation require |
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Definition
| a foundation based on scientific evidence and a need to be informed about the complex nature of instruction in reading and related skills. |
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Term
| What are the 3 component processes in literacy? |
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Definition
| Learning to read, reading disabilities and models of effective instruction. |
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Term
| Reading insturctiobn is no longer formed on opinion bit is fueled by _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Scientifically based research or evidence-based research ________ |
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Definition
| is a process that gathers evidence to answer questions and bring new knowledge to the field of study so that effective practices can be determined and implemented. |
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Term
| A scientist develops a ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The theory is used to form a __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _______ designed to evaluate the hypothesis. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___________ used in the study depend on the hypothesis and result in findings. |
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Definition
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Term
| The scientist integrates the findings into the _________________________ accumulated around a research question. |
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Definition
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Term
| Scientific research is a cumulative process that is derived from _________, _________ and _________. |
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Definition
| systematic evaluations of questions, models and theories. |
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Term
| Good evidence is derived from __________. |
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Definition
| A study that asks clear questions that can be answered empirically, selects and implements valid research methods and accurately analyzes and interprets data. |
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Term
Randomized Control Trials |
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Definition
Individuals in an intervention study are randomly
assigned to experimental and control groups and ALL variables are held constant ( gender age demographics, skill level) EXCEPT for the one variable HYPOTHESIZED to create a change. |
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Term
| Randomized control trials allow the researcher to show a causal relationship between |
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Definition
| the applied intervention and the outcomes |
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Term
Quasi-experimental Research |
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Definition
determines cause and effect without strict randomized control trials, is valid but less reliable |
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Term
Authentic Experimental Research |
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Definition
| uses strict randomized controlled trials |
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Term
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Definition
| A statistical technique that allows result comparisons across many studies. |
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Term
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Definition
Scrutiny and evaluation of the results of a n intervention by a group of independent researchers with experties and credentials in that field of study |
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Term
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Definition
| the identical replication of a study in a similar population by other researchers because the outcomes of a single study are not sufficient across all populations. |
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Term
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Definition
observing individuals and settings and describing
events in the immediate context |
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Term
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Definition
Qualitative reseach in which observations and data collection involve data collection about the content, context and dynamics of the instructional setting. |
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Term
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Definition
What works or does not work |
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Term
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Definition
Large numbers of subjects used to generalize findings in similar settings using statistical analysis through experimental or quasi-experimental design methods. |
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Term
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Definition
cut off point rather than random assignment in grouping through comparison |
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Term
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Definition
Division of the Federal Institute of Science which reviews program impacts of experimental research |
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Term
The National Reading Panel |
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Definition
A national panel that assesses the status of research based knowledge on the effectiveness of various approaches to teaching children to read |
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Term
NRP's 5 Critical Components for Teaching Children to Read |
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Definition
1. Phonemic awareness
2. Phonics
3. Vocabulary Devlopment
4. Reading Fluency including oral reading skills
5. Reading Comprehension Strategies |
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Term
What research developments did dyslexia studies reveal |
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Definition
How reading develops in both the imparied and unimpaired |
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Term
Building Blocks for Reading |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The ability to notice, think about and work with the individual sounds in words |
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Term
Phonemeic Awareness
and Alphabetical knowledge |
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Definition
are key components that contribute to effectiveness of beginning reading and spelling
instruction
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Term
Why does Phonemeic Awareness play a vital role in teaching children to read? |
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Definition
1. Connnects spoken language to written language
2. exposes underlying sounds in language that correspond to alphebetic principles on the written page
3. Causal relationship with literacy achievement and understanding it |
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Term
In Kindergarten, what is the single best predictor of later reading and spelling achievement? |
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Definition
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Term
CHildren at risk of becasue of early speech impairments and those with dyslexia perform ____________. |
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Definition
| more poorly on tests of phonemeic awareness than tyoically developing children. |
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Term
| When children do not have good word identification skills _________ |
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Definition
| they fall behind in reading and without appropriate intervention have only a 1 in 8 chance of catching up to grade level. |
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Term
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Definition
The relationship between letters or letter combinations in written language (graphemes). |
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Term
Isolating and manipulating oral sounds in
words using oral segmenting and blending activities helps children learn _________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Combinations of letters in written words |
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Term
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Definition
The 44 sounds in the English Language |
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Term
Phonics is best introduced in __________, which leads to recognizing familiar words and decoding unfamiliar words. |
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Definition
Kindergarten and first grade |
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Term
How is teaching phonics beneficial for
all socio-economic groups?
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Definition
When accompanied by KEY WORDS,
and other memory aids such as sounds, pictures
and articulatory gestures. |
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Term
What is the reciprocal relationship between
phonics and reading? |
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Definition
Phonology and orthography help readers to
attend to speech sounds |
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Term
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Definition
how letters represent sounds |
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Term
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Definition
seeing words in print
What the letters and words look like |
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Term
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Definition
The degree to which a form of
instruction is found to be more effective than another form |
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Term
What is the effect of phonics instruction for both low and middle class students? |
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Definition
Contributes to higher performance. |
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Term
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Definition
Insturction of phonics that begins with part and leads to the whole. |
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Term
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Definition
Whole to part instruction |
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Term
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Definition
Phonological awareness taught implicitly through reading words in the text |
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Term
Is phonics a one size fits all approach? |
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Definition
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Term
When taught systematically phonics ________
older readers. |
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Definition
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Term
Phonics and meaning-focused activities
lead to |
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Definition
balanced reading programs. |
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Term
What do beginning readers need to become fluent in? |
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Definition
letter naming
knowledge of sounds
phonemic awareness |
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Term
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Definition
The ability to read text accurately and quickly,
recognize words and gain meaning from the text. |
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Term
What is the advantage of fluency in children's reading progress? |
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Definition
Without it they will be slow and laborious readers |
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Term
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Definition
repeated oral reading with modeling by the instructor and in which students receive feedback from peers, parents or teachers |
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Term
Where do gaps in fluency remain? |
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Definition
In older students, with both extremely low level reading skills and with good compensated
word accuracy. |
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Term
What trends are implicit in the data for NRP in terms of instruction for Vocabulary? |
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Definition
1. taught direct,y and indirectly
2. repetition and multiple exposures
3. learned in rich contexts
4. tasks should be restructured when necessary
5. entails active engagement in learning tasks
6. use of computer technology
7. can be acquired through incidental learning
8. requires multiple methods
9. type of assessment has a differential effect
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Term
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Definition
Making snense of what we read and depends on good word recognition |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of identifying a stimulus as the act of something previously occurring |
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Term
Cognitive strategies began being implemented in the ___. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
self regulating mechanisms used in problem solving; higher ordered cognitive skills that regulate lower skill levels |
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Term
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Definition
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