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Praxis II: Fundamental Knowledge, English Language Arts
Reading Literature, literary Methods and Effects, Reading and Communicating Skills, Terminology
70
Education
Undergraduate 3
03/28/2010

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Term
Initial (construction) stage of interpretation
Definition
Reader has contact with content, structure, genre and can use prior knowledge
Term
Developing stage of interpretation
Definition
Reader delves into the text, uses background knowledge to build understanding
Term
Reflection/response stage of interpretation
Definition
Uses text knowledge to connect to personal knowledge
Term
Critical analysis stage of interpretation
Definition
Reader reflects and reacts by judging, evaluating and relating
Term
Expository
Definition
reference, resource works, textbooks and informational material, often used in subject or content areas
Term
Autobiography
Definition
about an author's personal life
Term
biography
Definition
about someones life, written by another person
Term
Epic
Definition
A narrative poem about historical or legendary characters
Term
fantasy
Definition
imaginary setting, plot or characters
Term
folktales
Definition
passed down from generation to generation that includes fables, myths, legends, folktales and tall tales
Term
historical fiction
Definition
altered to some extent but based on history
Term
mystery
Definition
relates to the unknown and revealed through human or worldly dilemmas or situations that include horror, fantasy, crime-solving, secret events and the supernatural
Term
play
Definition
a story written for the purpose of performance
Term
realistic fiction
Definition
a theme or plot that could happen in real life
Term
science fiction
Definition
mix of reality and imaginary
Term
theme
Definition
main idea or fundamental meaning of a literary work
Term
themes can:
Definition
articulate or highlight emotions; convey ideas, thoughts and compromise conversations; be intertwined in characters; be found in actions or events
Term
Difference between theme and subject
Definition
NOT all works have themes, ALL have a sugject
Term
allegory
Definition
represents an idea or truth about life in general
Term
tall tale
Definition
humorous and exaggerated story often based on the life of a real person
Term
literary elements
Definition
refer to the specific and recognizable characteristics of text or literary work
Term
theme
Definition
feeling or attitude conveyed
Term
plot
Definition
sequence within a narrative: exposition, inciting force, conflict, rising action, crisis, climax, falling action, resolution
Term
characters
Definition
people, animals or objects
Term
setting
Definition
physical location or time
Term
Early themes
Definition
heroism, friendship and religion
Term
Middle Ages themes
Definition
morals, religion and romance
Term
19th century themes
Definition
realism and nature
Term
20th century themes
Definition
symbolism and character development
Term
schema
Definition
background knowledge or experiences
Term
text-to-text
Definition
connect two similar texts
Term
text-to-self
Definition
relate to students own life
Term
text to world
Definition
student relays information to the rest of the world
Term
Physical point of view
Definition
the position in time and space where an author describes views or material
Term
mental point of view
Definition
feelings or attitudes towards a subject
Term
First person point of view
Definition
the author takes the view of the character "I"
Term
Second person point of view
Definition
tells the story to another character: "you"
Term
Third person
Definition
Tells the story from an outside voice, "They"
Term
Character
Definition
person who is identified by the author as being responsible for thoughts and actions within a story or poem
Term
2 groups of characterization (2 types of characters)
Definition
Protagonist, Antagonist
Term
dynamic character
Definition
grow or progress throughout the story
Term
static character
Definition
lacks depth
Term
tone
Definition
writers attitude towards a subject
Term
Mood
Definition
sense of feelings
Term
imagery
Definition
specific use of language appeals to readers senses
Term
figurative language
Definition
changes the literal meaning of words
Term
alliteration
Definition
consonant sounds are repeated
Term
hyperbole
Definition
an exaggeration or use of a statement to make a point
Term
idiom
Definition
a group of words with a special more figurative meaning
Term
metaphor
Definition
a figure of speech to compare without using like or as
Term
onomatopoeia
Definition
words that appeal to the sense of hearing and mimics in making sounds
Term
oxymoron
Definition
pair of words that have opposite meanings
Term
personification
Definition
words that gives human characteristics to nonhuman characters
Term
simile
Definition
compares 2 unrelated objects not using like or as
Term
analogy
Definition
compares similar objects that suggests if they are alike in one way, they will be alike in another
Term
dialogue
Definition
use of conversation between characters to give readers insight
Term
Dramatic monologue
Definition
speech or poem spoken by one character to share innermost thoughts
Term
exaggeration
Definition
overstatement or stretching of truth to emphasize a point
Term
flashback
Definition
author interrupts the story to go back and explain/recall an earlier memory of a character
Term
foreshadow
Definition
hint or clue to suggest what will happen later in the story
Term
irony
Definition
a device that means the exact opposite of normal meaning
Term
verbal irony
Definition
when the author says one thing and means something else
Term
situational irony
Definition
discrepancy between the expected result and actual results
Term
motif
Definition
use of a recurring object, concept, element, word, phrase or structure to draw readers attention to specific point
Term
symbol
Definition
real or concrete object that is used to represent an idea or concept
Term
Decoding skills
Definition
the process of understanding that letters in text represent the sounds in speech
Term
Communication
Definition
the ability to impart and share knowledge, opinions, ideas feelings and beliefs
Term
paraphrase
Definition
restate in different words
Term
conjunction
Definition
joins words or a group of words
Term
interjection
Definition
show strong emotion
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