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Praxis II English Content I
Literary Devices, Figures of Speech, and Literary terms
224
English
Graduate
03/11/2010

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Term
accent (stress)
Definition
1. Emphasis that given to syllable or word
Term
alexandrine
Definition
1. A line of poetry that has 12 syllables.
Term
alliteration
Definition
1. The repetition of the same or similar sounds at the beginning of words.
Term
anapest
Definition
1. A metrical foot of 3 syllables
2. 2 short (unstressed) syllables followed by 1 long (stressed) syllables

Example: "to the moon" or "seventeen"
Term
antithesis
Definition
1. Figure of speech
2. Words and phrases with opposite meanings are balanced against each other

Example: "Many are called, but few are chosen"
"I do not love you less I just love them more."
Term
assonance
Definition
1. The repetition or a pattern of similar vowel sounds to create internal
rhyming within phrases and sentences.
Term
ballad
Definition
1. A form of verse, usually set to music, that tells a story similar to a folktale or legend and also has repeated refrain.
Term
blank verse
Definition
1. unrhymed iambic pentameter (regular meter and no rhyme
2. Shakesepeare wrote in this style.
Term
caesura
Definition
1. an audible pause that breaks up a line or verse
2. Most times indicated by punctuation marks.
Term
canzone
Definition
1. Medieval italian lyric poem
2. 5-7 stanzas
3. hendecasyllabic (11 syllables).
4. 7-20 lines
5. shorter last stanza (envoy)
Term
chanson de geste
Definition
1. Old french songs/epic poems about heroic deeds
2. Appeared at the beginning of French Literature
3. 11th-14th century
Example: Charlamange
Term
classicism
Definition
1. High regard to classical antiquity: Greeks, Romans, etc.
2. literature is characterized by formality, simplicity, and emotional restraint.
Term
conceit
Definition
1. An extended metaphor (fanciful image)that contrasts too very unsimilar things
Term
consonance
Definition
1. stylistic device that uses the repetition of similar consonant sounds in very short succession.
Term
couplet
Definition
1. A pair of lines of verse.
2. same rhyme, length, and form a complete thought.
Term
dactyl
Definition
1. A metrical foot of 3 syllables
2. 1 long (stressed), followed by 2 short (unstressed)
Term
elegy
Definition
1. A poem that laments the death of a person, or a sad or thoughtful idea.
Term
epic
Definition
1. lengthy narrative poem dealing with herioc deeds of a nation or culture.
Term
epigram
Definition
1. A very short witty poem
2.Literary device
Term
epitaph
Definition
1. A short text honoring the deceased.
Term
epithalamium
Definition
1. Form of a poem that is written for a bride.
2.
Term
feminine rhyme
Definition
1. A rhyme that occurs in a final unstressed syllable.

example: longing/yearing
Term
figure of speech
Definition
1. verbal expression in which the text is arranged to achieve a particular effect.
Term
foot
Definition
1. Two or more syllables that are used to make up the smalleset unit of a poem.
Term
free verse
Definition
1. Rhymed or unrhymed poem that has no set meter.
Term
haiku
Definition
1. 5,7,5 syllable structure
2. 3 unrhymed lines
3. reflect nature
Term
heptameter
Definition
1. A line of poetry that has 7 metrical feet.
2. 14-21 syllables
Term
heroic couplet
Definition
1. A stanza composed of two rhymed lines in iambic pentameter
2. Used for epic and narrative poetry
Term
hexameter
Definition
1. A line of poetry using 6 metrical feet
Term
hyperbole
Definition
1. exaggeration used to emphasize idea
2. figure of speech
Term
iamb
Definition
1. A metrical foot of 1 or 2 syllables, one short syllable (unstressed) and the second long (stressed)
Term
iambic pentameter
Definition
1. A type of meter in poetry, in which there are five iambs to a line.
2.Shakesspeare wrote this way.
Term
idyll or idyl
Definition
Either a short poem depicting a peaceful, idealized country scene, or a long poem that tells a story about heroic deeds or extraordinary events set in the distant past.
Term
limerick
Definition
A light, humorous poem of five usually anapestic lines with the rhyme scheme of aabba.
Term
lyric
Definition
A poem, such as a sonnet or an ode, that expresses the thoughts and feelings of the poet. A lyric poem may resemble a song in form or style.
Term
masculne rhyme
Definition
A rhyme that occurs in a final stressed syllable: cat/hat, desire/fire, observe/deserve.
Term
metaphor
Definition
A figure of speech in which two things are compared, usually by saying one thing is another, or by substituting a more descriptive word for the more common or usual word that would be expected. Some examples of metaphors: the world's a stage, he was a lion in battle, drowning in debt, and a sea of troubles.
Term
meter
Definition
The arrangement of a line of poetry by the number of syllables and the rhythm of accented (or stressed) syllables.
Term
metonymy
Definition
A figure of speech in which one word is substituted for another with which it is closely associated. For example, in the expression The pen is mightier than the sword, the word pen is used for “the written word,” and sword is used for “military power.”
Term
narrative
Definition
is a story that is created in a constructive format describing fictional or non-fictional events.
Term
ode
Definition
A lyric poem that is serious and thoughtful in tone and has a very precise, formal structure. John Keats's “Ode on a Grecian Urn” is a famous example of this type of poem.
Term
onomatopoeia
Definition
is a word that imitates or suggests the source of the sound that it describes
Term
ottava rima
Definition
A type of poetry consisting of 10- or 11-syllable lines arranged in 8-line “octaves” with the rhyme scheme abababcc.
Term
pastoral
Definition
A poem that depicts rural life in a peaceful, idealized way.
Term
pentameter
Definition
A line of poetry that has 5 metric feet
Term
personification
Definition
A figure of speech in which things or abstract ideas are given human attributes: dead leaves dance in the wind, blind justice.
Term
poetry
Definition
type of literature written in meter
Term
quatrain
Definition
stanza or poem with 4 lines
Term
refrain
Definition
line or group of lines that are repeated throughout a poem
Term
rhyme
Definition
The occurrence of the same or similar sounds at the end of two or more words.
Term
rhyme royal
Definition
consists of seven lines, usually in iambic pentameter. The rhyme scheme is a-b-a-b-b-c-c. In practice, the stanza can be constructed either as a terza rima and two couplets (a-b-a, b-b, c-c) or a quatrain and a tercet (a-b-a-b, b-c-c).
Term
romanticism
Definition
validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror and terror and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. It elevated folk art
Term
scansion
Definition
mark the metrical patterns of a line of poetry
Term
senryu
Definition
is a Japanese form of short poetry similar to haiku in construction: three lines with 17 or fewer total "on" (often translated as syllables, but see the article on onji for distinctions). Senryū tend to be about human foibles while haiku tend to be about nature, and senryū are often cynical or darkly humorous while haiku are more serious. Unlike haiku, senryū do not include a kireji (cutting word), and do not generally include a kigo, or season word.
Term
simile
Definition
compares two unlike things
Term
sonnet
Definition
a lyric poem with strict rhyming pattern
Term
spondee
Definition
a metrical foot consisting of two long syllables, as determined by syllable weight in classical meters, or two stressed syllables, as determined by stress in modern meters.
Term
stanza
Definition
unit within a larger poem
Term
stress
Definition
long syllable
Term
synecdoche
Definition
substitution of a part for whole, species for genus
Term
tanka
Definition
1. 57577 syllable line scheme
2. usually compares nature, deep emotion, and has multiple layers of meaning. Japnese poetry form of Waka.
Term
terza rima
Definition
a rhyming verse stanza form that consists of an interlocking three-line rhyme scheme. It was first used by the Italian poet Dante Alighieri.
2. A-B-A, B-C-B, C-D-C, D-E-D pattern
Term
tetrameter
Definition
is a line of four metrical feet
Term
trope
Definition
using a word in a way other than what is considered its literal or normal form
Term
verse
Definition
Term
oxymoron
Definition
figure of speech that combines normnally contradictory terms like
"jumbo shrimp"
Term
denouement
Definition
follows the lead through the climax to the end of the story and serves as the conclusion.
Term
volta
Definition
line of poetry
Term
voice
Definition
view point of the writer
Term
tone
Definition
how the words are used to create mood
Term
verbal irony
Definition
when someone says something "not sarcastic" but is really being critical and meaning something else
Term
irony
Definition
something that is told but is not always what happens
Term
dramatic irony
Definition
when audience or characters know something that somebody else does not
Term
universal irony
Definition
all people are fucked
Term
understatement
Definition
something said or stated that does not give full emphasize on the subject or idea
Term
utopian
Definition
idealistic
Term
dystopian
Definition
futuristic
Term
tumbling verse
Definition
an early modern English type of verse having four stresses but no prevailing type of foot and no regular number of syllables
Term
truncated line
Definition
a line from which unstressed syllables have been dropped
Term
triplet
Definition
3 lines of poetry
Term
triple meter
Definition
Term
triple rhyme
Definition
Term
triolet
Definition
a one stanza poem of eight lines. Its rhyme scheme is ABaAabAB and often all lines are in iambic tetrameter: the first, fourth and seventh lines are identical, as are the second and final lines, thereby making the initial and final couplets identical as well.
Term
trimeter
Definition
Term
Transcendentalism
Definition
Term
tragic hero
Definition
Term
tragedy
Definition
Term
tract
Definition
Term
theme
Definition
Term
texture
Definition
Term
syntax
Definition
study of the principles and rules for constructing sentences in natural languages
Term
symbol
Definition
something such as an object, picture, written word, sound, or particular mark that represents something else by association, resemblance, or convention
Term
syllogism
Definition
a kind of logical argument in which one proposition (the conclusion) is inferred from two others (the premises) of a certain form.
Term
structuralism
Definition
Term
stream of consciousness
Definition
Term
stanza
Definition
Term
sprung rhythm
Definition
poetic rhythm designed to imitate the rhythm of natural speech. It is constructed from feet in which the first syllable is stressed and may be followed by a variable number of unstressed syllables
Term
sonnet
Definition
Term
soliloquy
Definition
monologue on stage
said by actor alone expressing his inner thougths
Term
slice of life
Definition
narrowed and realistic depicition of real people and real problems.
Term
shakespearean sonnet
Definition
14 lines
3 stanzas and then a ending couplet
Term
sestet
Definition
is the name given to the second division of an Italian sonnet (as opposed to an English or Spenserian Sonnet), which must consist of an octave, of eight lines, succeeded by a sestet, of six lines.
Term
shanty
Definition
Term
Semiotics
Definition
the study of sign processes (semiosis), or signification and communication, signs and symbols, and is usually divided into three branches:
Term
setting
Definition
surrounding environment, place, time, that a story takes place
Term
satire
Definition
literary style that uses misevents and depictions of horrible events to laugh at and be critical of
Term
Romanticism
Definition
Term
romance novel
Definition
Term
rhetoric
Definition
the art of using language to communicate effectively
Term
renku
Definition
Term
renga
Definition
Term
refrain
Definition
repetition of word, phrase, idea
Term
realism
Definition
Term
quatrain
Definition
stanza of 4 lines
Term
pun
Definition
exploits word amibguity
Term
proverb
Definition
simple saying greatly said in public and widely known
Term
prosody
Definition
study of poetic meter
Term
prose
Definition
st8 forward , stypical form of language.
Term
post modernism
Definition
Term
post colonialism
Definition
Term
poem
Definition
Term
parable
Definition
a brief, succinct story, in prose or verse, that illustrates a moral or religious lesson. It differs from a fable in that fables use animals, plants, inanimate objects, and forces of nature as characters, while parables generally feature human characters. It is a type of analogy.[1]
Term
pastoral
Definition
depicts the life of shepherds, often in a highly idealised manner. It may also be used as a noun (a pastoral) to describe a single work of pastoral poetry, music or drama
Term
open couplet
Definition
A couplet of the Romantic period with run-on lines, in which the thought was carried beyond the rhyming lines of the couplet. Ottava Rima - Originally Italian, a stanza of eight lines of heroic verse, rhyming abababcc.
Term
octave
Definition
verse form consisting of eight lines of iambic pentameter (in English) or of hendecasyllables (in Italian). The most common rhyme scheme for an octave is abba abba.
Term
octameter
Definition
in poetry is a line of eight metrical feet.
Term
narrative poem
Definition
Term
neologism
Definition
Term
naturalism
Definition
Term
mystery play
Definition
religious play discussing the magic of religious stuff yeah
Term
motif
Definition
theme that runs through a text that unifies it
Term
monologue
Definition
long passage said by one character about whats going on
Term
monometer
Definition
Term
modernism
Definition
Term
mock epic/mock hero
Definition
Term
miltonic sonnet
Definition
Term
mode
Definition
Term
metrical foot
Definition
Term
metaphysical
Definition
Term
memoir
Definition
someones personal narrative of events
usually non-fiction
Term
medieval drama
Definition
Term
masque
Definition
Term
maxim
Definition
Term
magic realism
Definition
aesthetic style in which magical elements or illogical scenarios appear in an otherwise realistic or even "normal" setting. It has been widely used in relation to literature, art, and film.
Term
lullaby
Definition
Term
long metre
Definition
Term
logical fallacy
Definition
Term
logical stress
Definition
Term
liturigal drama
Definition
Term
linked rhyme
Definition
Term
linguistics
Definition
Term
lament
Definition
Term
kenning
Definition
ambiguous or roundabout figure of speech instead of regular noun.
Term
impressionism
Definition
Term
gothic
Definition
Term
biblical
Definition
Term
victorian
Definition
Term
idiom
Definition
expression, word, or phrase that has a figurative meaning that is comprehended in regard to a common use of that expression that is separate from the literal meaning or definition of the words of which it is made.[
Term
imagery
Definition
Term
sublime
Definition
Term
hymnal stanza
Definition
Term
hymn
Definition
Term
homeric simile/epitaph
Definition
Term
hexameter
Definition
Term
heroic stanza
Definition
a rhymed quatrain in heroic verse with rhyme scheme abab
Term
heroic quatrain
Definition
rhymed with abab
Term
heroic stanza
Definition
Term
heroic quatrain
Definition
Term
heroic quatrain
Definition
Term
heroic couplets
Definition
couplet consisting of two rhymed lines of iambic pentameter and written in an elevated style
Term
heptameter
Definition
one or more lines of verse containing seven metrical feet (usually fourteen or twenty-one syllables).
Term
half rhyme
Definition
Term
genre
Definition
Term
georgian poetry
Definition
Term
gnomic verse
Definition
Term
foreshadowing
Definition
a literary technique used by many different authors to provide clues for the reader to be able to predict what might occur later on in the story. In other words, it is a literary device in which an author drops hints about the plot and what may come in the near future or, in other words, the plot developments to come later in the story.
Term
folk tale
Definition
Term
folklore
Definition
Term
flashback
Definition
Term
farce
Definition
A farce is a comedy which aims to entertain the audience by means of unlikely, extravagant, and improbable situations, disguise and mistaken identity, verbal humour of varying degrees of sophistication, which may include sexual innuendo and word play, and a fast-paced plot whose speed usually increases, culminating in an ending which often involves an elaborate chase scene
Term
feminie ending
Definition
grammatical gender, is a term that refers to the final syllable or suffixed letters that mark words as feminine.
Term
extrametrical verse
Definition
Term
extended metaphor
Definition
Term
existentialism
Definition
Term
euphism
Definition
It took the form of a preciously ornate and sophisticated style that employed a wide range of literary devices such as antitheses, alliterations, repetitions, rhetorical questions and others. Classical learning and remote knowledge of all kinds were displayed. Euphuism was fashionable in the 1580s, but never previously or subsequently.
Term
epithet
Definition
Term
entr'acte
Definition
Term
elision
Definition
the omission of one or more sounds (such as a vowel, a consonant, or a whole syllable) in a word or phrase, producing a result that is easier for the speaker to pronounce. Sometimes, sounds may be elided for euphonic effect.
Term
emblem
Definition
Term
english sonnet
Definition
Term
enjambment
Definition
an idea that runs from one line into another line without pause.
Term
elegiac meter/ couplet
Definition
Term
echo verse
Definition
form which appears as a dialogue between the questions of a character and the answers
Term
duple meter
Definition
Term
dialect
Definition
Term
denotation
Definition
Term
decadence
Definition
Term
dandyism
Definition
Term
dactyl
Definition
a dactyl is a long syllable followed by two short syllables, as determined by syllable weight
Term
curtal sonnet
Definition
Term
counterplot
Definition
Term
consonance
Definition
Term
connotation
Definition
Term
Colloquialism
Definition
Term
cliche
Definition
overused expression or saying
Term
chronicle
Definition
a historical account of facts and events ranged in chronological order.
Term
cavalier poem
Definition
Term
cadence
Definition
Term
canon
Definition
Term
byronic hero
Definition
an idealised but flawed character exemplified in the life and writings of Lord Byron, characterised by his ex-lover Lady Caroline Lamb as being "mad, bad, and dangerous to know".[1] The Byronic hero first appears in Byron's semi-autobiographical epic narrative poem Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (1812-1818).
Term
blank verse
Definition
type of poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no rhyme. In English, the meter most commonly used with blank verse has been iambic pentameter
Term
ballad stanza
Definition
Term
avant garde
Definition
Term
assonance
Definition
Term
archtype
Definition
Term
antistroph
Definition
Term
stroph
Definition
a concept in versification which properly means a turn, as from one foot to another, or from one side of a chorus to the other.
Term
ancedote
Definition
biographical stories that relate poignant times in ones life
Term
analects
Definition
Term
anapest
Definition
is a metrical foot used in formal poetry. In classical quantitative meters it consists of two short syllables followed by a long one (as in a-na-paest); in accentual stress meters it consists of two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable. It may be seen as a reversed dactyl. This word comes from the Greek ανάπαιστος, anápaistos, literally "struck back" (a dactyl reversed), from 'ana-' + '-paistos', verbal of παίειν, paíein: to strike.
Term
analogy
Definition
using one subject to easily explain difficult concepts of another subject
Term
allegory
Definition
using other literary works or art forms and referncing them in the text
Term
alliteration
Definition
repeating of similar constance at the beginning of words in close repetition
Term
ballade
Definition
1. a type of poem usually with 3 stanzas with 7-10 lines and a last stanza of 5-6 lines.

2. All stanzas end with the same one-line refrain.

3. the last stanza is usually addressed to a prince
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