• has both plant and animal features
• they move by flagella
• they can feed by autotrophy or heterotrophy
• contain chloroplasts & in prolonged darkness will lose the chloroplasts and feed on smaller organisms until exposed to light again

• a colony comprised of many single; bi-flagellated cells
• Embedded in surdace of extracellular matrix of glycoprotein
• Algae have individual cells
• have red eyespots and are light sensitive
• the daughter colonies develop inside the sphere

• move by pseudopoia which are like fingers
• get their food through phagocytosis
• Amoeba protea genome has 290 billion base pairs (humans have 2.9 billion)

• use cilia to move
• they move by spinning
• "tulip like"

• use cilia to move

• the large cilia that are tufted together form cirri

• Very large & can grow up to 4mm
• they use cilia to move
• have the fastest known contraction in any living cells which is 6-8miliseconds

• called sun animals
• have hair like psuedopodia
• prey get caught in their psuedopodia and are drawn in

• use cilia to move
• have an oral groove to catch food 
• once food falls into oral groove they use the cilia to sweep food in
• they have unspecialized cilia

• are large 1-2 mm

• use cilia to move
• they have a high concentration around the mouth
• looks like a vase

• the space between the epidermis and the internal organs.
• Organisms w/a coelom are called coelomates; organisms w/o a coelomate are called acoelomate.
• Psuedocoelomates are organisms that have a body cavity but its incomplete.

• Diploblastic- have 2 germ layers

(ex- Ectoderm & Endoderms)

• Triploblastic- have 3 germ layers

(ex- Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm)

Phylum Porifera

"sponges"

(dead man's fingers)

• belong to the sub kingdom Parazoa
• are much simpler than all other animals
• have simpler organization and have coordinated cell types but no organs or tissues
• lack muscles/ true skeleton
• maintain structures w/either calcareous or siliceous(glass) structures called spicules which is a network of spongin protein.
• they filter feed
• Incurrent pores-ostia
• Excurrent pores- oscula

Phylum Rotifera

(also known as wheel bearers)

• entirely free living phylum & include marine & freshwater plankton
• capture small prey w/water currents created by the whirling clusters of cilia at the anterior end. the anterior end is called a corona
• Similar in size and ecology to protozoan, they are complex, multicellular organisms w/ 3 germ layers and a complete digestive tract.

Phylum Cnidaria

(acoelomate)

What are the 4 classes in this Phylum?

Class Scyphazoa

Class Hydrozoa

Class Anthozoa

Class Cubozoa

Phylum Cnideria characteristics

• They can have an alternation of generation lifestyles between a polyp and medusa(some live only as one while others have both life cycles
• All memebers of this phylum are venomous; but not necessarily venomous to humans
• have a stinging filaments called nematocysts; each nematocyst contains a sigle cnidocyte
• They can have either radial or bilateral symmetry

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Hydrozoa

"Portugese man of war" Floats unlike jellyfish

• small predators capable of capturing small protozoans
• they tend o stay in the polyp stage but some are colonial such as the Obelia and the Portugese Man of War
• they are attached at the base w/upward pointing tentacle

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Scyphazoa

• these are the true jellyfish
• have the Medusa type body- the body forms upside down witht the tentacles pointing downward
• they maintain this body type throughout life cyle
• thier gelantinous substance give body form

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Anthozoa

• the largest and most important class of Cnidarians
• called flower animals
• include sea anemones and corals
• not all coral species live on reefs. They are called hermatypic or scleractinian or hard corals

Phylum Platyhelmenthes

Class Turbeliaria ( "flatworms")

• referred to as flatworms
• collectively known as planarians and include all free living platyhelminthes
• They have bilateral symmetry and have distinctive anterior and posterior end
• Cephalization (true head) concentration of sensory capabilities
• They are regenerative and feed from the middle of the body
• they are triploblastic

Phylum Platythelminthes

Class Trematoda & Cestoda

• Trematodas (flukes) are more harmful. They're parasitic and contain geneus schistosoma the seconf deadliest disease int the world
• Cestoda (tapeworms) ar less harmful but still parasitic. They attach to the intestines w/ their scolex & produce enormous #s of body segments known as proglottids