Term
| R1: what does the greek word techne refer to? |
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Definition
| the art, craft, or skill invested by man in his processes of making the artifacts of the human environment |
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Term
| R1: what are the two definitions of techne that Angelil describes? |
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Definition
1 - technique as the manner and ability with which an artist, writer, dancer, athlete, or the like employs the technical skills of his particular art or field of endeavor
2 - the body of specialized procedures and methods used in a specific field |
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Term
| R1: how has the relationship between technique evolved? |
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Definition
| technical activity in the former general sense has accompanied the earliest activities of mans existence. in the latter sense, it has a history of development pertaining to the emergence of scientific thought, viewed as a science which formed an overall framework for the undertaking of technical matters |
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Term
| R1: Brunelleschi's 3 innovations in developing the dome for santa maria del fiore in florence, italy? |
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Definition
system of chains
hoisting machines
vaults???? |
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Term
| R1: according to angelil, in what period did spatial relationships shift from symbols and values of geometry and number? |
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Definition
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Term
| R1: what drawing technique is an example of how geometry was able to structure space? |
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Definition
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Term
| R2: the changing perception of fabrication, from pre industrial to post industrial is discussed, how did this change the fabrication and production of buildings? |
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Definition
| changed the basic system of distribution and consumption, things were valued not only as themselves but also for the process taken to make them. divided engineering and architecture into two separate professions |
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Term
| R2: what professional discipline does architecture look to for inspiration and symbolization? why? |
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Definition
engineering
engineering had begun to exert itself as a dynamic force, engineered buildings maintained a more explicit form of structural expression, a form in which appearance penetrated to reveal process |
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Term
| R2: what does ferrovitreous mean |
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Definition
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Term
| R2: why was the process of making the crystal palace important? describe some of the aspects of this |
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Definition
it was thought of as nothing but a large greenhouse
its size was in no way limited by its form
rearrangement, reassembly
modular assembly
infinitely extendable and capable of limitless permutation
less "composed" and more systematically designed for a purpose |
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Term
| R2: did the process of building the crystal palace also influence the exhibit items that were inside? |
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Definition
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Term
| R2: culture of consumption? kitsch? |
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Definition
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Term
| R2: who in germany proposed that there be an integration of arts and architecture? how was this explored? |
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Definition
| Gottfriend Semper, it was never explored? |
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Term
| R3: describe the importance that Rowe places on the frame in modern architecture |
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Definition
it establishes a neutral grid of space enclosed by the skeleton structure
established relationships, defined a discipline, generated form
puts in an appearance even when not structurally necessary. appears to be present even when not
establishes a common ratio to which all parts are related |
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Term
| R3: rowe sees the frame being derived from two different lineages. American and European. Was the frame of Corbusier's Domino house inspired by the Chicago Frame? |
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Definition
| no. corbusier's frame structure came from the reinforced concrete frame of Auguste Perret |
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Term
| R3: What are the 2 major themes of twentieth century architecture that is influenced by Chicago? |
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Definition
| the frame structure and composition of intersecting planes |
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Term
| R3: how did flw include the frame in his work? |
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Definition
| he showed a vision of architecture as a composition of sliding planes similar to how the frame structure worked in chicago. he distinctly rejected the frame itself |
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Term
| R3: compare the importance of the plan between sullivan, flw, and le corbusier. did this influence the way they conceived space and structure? |
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Definition
| flw and corbusier the plan is a generator of form, disciplined orchestration of spaces vs for sullivan, buildings are supurb assertations of the primacy of structure yet plans seem insignificant to the architecture |
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Term
| R3: the frame in chicago came about due to what factors |
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Definition
needed a rational structural system
wanted structure to remain an identifiable component to punctuate the architecture
envisioned as a product for sale - not demanded - and was presented to the architects of chicago
THE MARKET |
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Term
| R3: how is the frame expressed by different architects cited in the reading? was the architects understanding and use of this symbolism influenced by their location? |
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Definition
it couldnt have been effected in europe. it was possible in chicago because there business was without inhibition - architects just accepted that the structural frame was there and just incorporated it without challenge - physical need for the structural system it offered
in america, the frame was used solely for its utilitarian value |
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Term
| R4: when did steel become plentiful and relatively inexpensive, what process enabled this? |
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Definition
1850s with the introduction of the Bessemer process
process of converting iron ore into steel starts with the smelting of ore into cast iron --> molten iron drawn off at the bottom of the furnace and held in a liquid state for processing into steel |
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Term
| R4: how are steel shapes formed? what process in particular gives the final shape of a W section? |
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Definition
hot steel blank passes through a succession of rollers that squeeze the metal into progressively more refined approximations of the desired shape and size. finished shape exists from the last set of rollers as a continuous length cut into shorter segments by a hot saw. segments cooled on a cooling bed and then roller straightener corrects any residual crookedness
by varying the spacings between rollers, a number of different shapes of the same nominal dimensions can be produced |
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Term
| R4: what is the smallest and deepest section available in the US for a wide flange member? |
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Definition
| smallest nominally is 4in and deepest is 40in |
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Term
| R4: how many pounds per linear feet does a W12x26 weigh and what is its nominal depth? if you want to know the flange width of a W12x26 where would you look? |
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Definition
a W12x26 weighs 26plf and its nominal depth is 12in
if you want to know the flange width, you can find it in the manual of steel construction |
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Term
| R4: what is the max span of a K series 2ft deep open web joist |
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Definition
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Term
| R4: what are the two methods of stabilizing a tall building? |
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Definition
provide a rigid core at the center of the building
make the perimeter of the building rigid
all done by using diagonal braces, shear panels, or moment connections |
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Term
| R4: how does the work of the fabricator differ from the erector? what is the name for those erecting on site? |
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Definition
fabricator delivers the construction site steel components that are ready to be assembled without further processing
designs connections to transmit the loads indicated by the engineers drawings, prepares drawings to show the general contractor exactly where and how to install pieces, lays out the various connection sites.
erector is responsible for assembling into a frame on the building site the steel components furnished by the fabricator "iron workers" |
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Term
| R4: often a span requires more structural depth than can be provided in a standard wide flange alone. what are three different approaches for achieving a long span? |
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Definition
castellated beam - cutting the web of a wide flange along a zig zag path and then reassembling by welding its two halves point to point. increasing depth without increasing weight
plate girders - put the steel exactly where it is needed. flanges made thicker in the middle of the span where bending forces are higher
steel trusses |
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Term
| R8: why are site cast buildings relatively slow to construct? what is the primary expense in site cast buildings? |
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Definition
slow to construct because they have to build forms, reinforce, pour, cure, and then do it for each floor.
main expense = formwork/labor |
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Term
| R8: what is the role of form ties, and how do they impart an aesthetic effect on site cast concrete? |
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Definition
they hold forms together while concrete is poured
show up on facade |
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Term
| R8: who is responsible for the structural integrity of the formwork? |
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Definition
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Term
| R8: what are joist bands? why are they typically the same depth as concrete joists, even though structural efficiency would suggest deeper beam sections? |
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Definition
| thicker joists built at the same level as the normal joists because its cheaper to make them all the same length in terms of formwork |
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Term
| R8: in two way flat slab and flat plate systems, why is cantilevering the end of the slab past the column recommended? about how far should the cantilever be? what is the aesthetic effect of this? |
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Definition
30% of interior span
structural efficiency/continuity
to allow for curtain walls, different facades |
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Term
| R8: what is the role of post tensioning in site cast concrete? |
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Definition
makes floors resistant to cracking under concentrated loads, eliminates the need for control joints, permits the use of a thinner slab
extends significantly the economical span range of systems |
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Term
| R8: what are the preliminary factors in selecting site cast concrete framing system |
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Definition
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Term
| R8: what is the definition of architectural concrete? |
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Definition
| concrete left exposed as finished interior or exterior surfaces |
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Term
| R9: what is the significance of steam curing for precast concrete |
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Definition
steam furnishes heat to accelerate the hardening of the concrete and moisture for full hydration
speeds up the curing process |
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Term
| R9: what determines the primary size limitation in precast concrete sections |
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Definition
| width of the maximum legal vehicle = 12-14ft max |
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Term
| R9: name 4 types of precast concrete slabs commonly produced. what is the role of the topping slab |
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Definition
solid slabs, hollow core slabs, double tees, and single tees
the topping slab acts to unity, conceals the slight difference in camber, makes a finished smooth surface |
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Term
| R9: what function do ledgers and corbels have in precast concrete |
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Definition
| ledgers provide direct support for the precast slab elements, conserve headroom in a building by supporting slabs near the bottom of beams versus having the slabs rest on top |
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Term
| R9: what is the role of the weld plate |
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Definition
| to connect/join the pieces of the precast elements, connecting device, finishes a surface to which steel components can be welded |
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Term
| R9: how are precast connections fundamentally different than cast in place concrete connections |
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Definition
cast in place connections are unified pieces of concrete and concrete cured together as one piece where precast concrete can be a gravity connection - slab sits on beam with a bearing pad or welding plates connected between pieces
bearing pads accommodate movement |
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Term
| R9: what is the role of post tensioning in precast concrete connections? |
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Definition
post tensioning can be used to combine large precast elements into even larger ones on site
to assemble precast concrete box sentiments into very long, deep girders for bridges and to create tall shear walls from story high precast panels in multistory buildings |
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Term
| R9: is the construction process for precast concrete framing systems more like site cast concrete or more like steel? how so? how do you think this might affect the design of a precast concrete building? |
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Definition
more like steel, comes in components with prefab connection sites
concrete already formed, textured, cured and ready to be pieced together
would affect the design because pieces are modular and architect must think about seams/connections versus continuous surfaces |
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Term
| R11: single invention of concealed power |
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Definition
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Term
| R11: 3 environmental aids integrated into suspended ceiling |
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Definition
| acoustic tiling, air conditioning, fluorescent lighting |
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