Term
| are produced in a gland and target cells in different tissures |
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Definition
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Term
| primarily regulate hormone secretion by certain other endocrine glands |
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Definition
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Term
| the effective plasma concentration of a hormone can be influenced by the hormones: |
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Definition
| rate of excretion, extent of binding to plasma proteins, rate of metabolic inactivation, rate of secretion |
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Term
| hormone A stimulates hormone B; hormone B inhibits hormone A |
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Definition
| represents negative feedback |
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Term
| too little activity of a particulat hormone can arise from: |
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Definition
| an abnormality within the endocrine gland that produces this hormone; a deficiency of this hormone's tropic hormone; an inborn lack of target-cell receptors for this hormone; deficient target-cell receptors |
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Term
| The ____ is the target for ACTH |
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Definition
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Term
| a ____ system exists between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary |
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Definition
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Term
| it is produced in the hypothalamus, it increases kidney reabsorption of water, it is a potent anteriolar vasoconstrictor, it is released when the osmolarity of the plasma increases |
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Definition
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Term
| hormones produced in the _____ are made in distinct populations of cells, may be tropic or nontropic, are secreted into the blood, are released in response to certain hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| which pituitary hormones have roles inthe reproductive physiology |
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Definition
| FSH, LH, oxytocin, prolactin |
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Term
| which hormone exerts its effects on bones via somatomedin release |
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Definition
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Term
| deep sleep, exercise, stress, low blood glucose level ______ growth hormone secretion |
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Definition
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Term
| masculinizing homones produced from the adrenal gland |
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Definition
|
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Term
| derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine |
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Definition
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Term
| calcium ions serve a messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein __ |
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Definition
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Term
| hormones can operate on the ___ level of organization |
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Definition
| cellular, tissue, organ, organismic |
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Term
| The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the __ system in many ways |
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Definition
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Term
| hormonal actions of cells include those that affect |
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Definition
| quantities, activities, and synthesis of enzymes; gating of ion channels |
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Term
| if adenyl cyclase activity of liver cells were missing, which of these hormones could no longer stimulate the release of glucose |
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Definition
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Term
| destruction of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamuc woud result in the loss of _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The hypothalamus controls secretion by the adenohypophysis by |
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Definition
| secreting releasing and inhibiting facors into a tiny portal system |
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Term
| Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause |
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Definition
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Term
| which hormone may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates |
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Definition
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Term
| which hormone promotes bone growth and muscle growth; is glucose sparing, promotes amino acit uptake by cells |
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Definition
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Term
| excess production of urine |
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Definition
|
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Term
| melanocyte-stimulating hormone is secreted by the human pars intermedia in |
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Definition
| pregnany women, very young children, fetal development, some disease processes |
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Term
| mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of |
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Definition
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Term
| this hormone stimulates osteoclast activity, inhibits osteoblast activity, stimulates the formation and secretion of calcitriol at the kidneys, enhances the reabsorption of calcium at the kidneys |
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Definition
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Term
| the zona reticularis of the suprarenal cortex produces |
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Definition
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Term
| The suprarenal medulla produces |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ gland is a component of the epithalamus; secretes melatonin, containes pinealocytes, responds to light and darkness |
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Definition
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Term
| the exocrine portion of the pancreas produces |
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Definition
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Term
| the corpus luteum secretes |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome is |
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Definition
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Term
| Lipid reserves are mobilized during the ______ phase of the general adaptation syndrome |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what happens to most of the secreted T4 |
|
Definition
| It is converted to T3 after being peripherally stripped of one of its iodine atoms |
|
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Term
| what are the plasma proteins to which thyroid hormone is bound in circulation |
|
Definition
| albumin and thyroxine-binding globulin |
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Term
| this hormone increases the overall metabolic rate, it exerts a calorigenic effect, enhances glycogenolysis and lipolysis, causes a proliferation of specific catecholamine target-cell receptors |
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Definition
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|
Term
| too much TRH and TSH, too much T4 or T3, and thyroid stimulating immunoglobin can all contribute to |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| occurs secondarily to anterior pituitary failure, occurs due to inadepquate dietary supply of iodine, due to failure of thyroid gland istelf, occurs due to inadequate dietary supply of iodine and be due to failure of the thyroid gland itself |
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Definition
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Term
| decreases the calcium concentration in the blood |
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Definition
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Term
| hormone that enhances the ability of the kidneys to eliminate excess K+ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| an increase in plasma levels of ACTH leads to increased plasma ___ levels |
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Definition
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|
Term
| this hormone has an anti-inflammatory chemical and it results in potassium excretion |
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Definition
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Term
| A student experienceing psychological and emotional stress will secrete CRH, ACTH and Cortisol at ___ levels; may experience a greater risk of infections due to immune system suppression |
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Definition
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Term
| this hormone exhibits a marked diurnal variation in secretion |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ occurs with glucocorticoidsand is related to the sleep-awake cycle |
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Definition
| diurnal variation in secretion |
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Term
| andrenocorticotropic hormone is controlled in part by |
|
Definition
| CRH from the hypothalamus |
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Term
| carbohydrate conservation, protein degradtion, mobilization of fats for energy, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects at pharmacological levels are caused by |
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Definition
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|
Term
marked Na+ loss in the urine
lowered blood glucose levels
K+ retention
poor response to stress
are seen in |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| hormones secreted during stress |
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Definition
cortisol
epinephrine
aldosterone
vasopressin |
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Term
| hormone secretion stimulated by an increase in blood glucose |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| plyuria, acidosis, polydipsia, and hyperglycemia characterize: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| coma (severely depressed CNS activity) may result from untreated |
|
Definition
| hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus |
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Term
| ____ occurring in diabetes mellitus arise as a resuly of depression of the brain due to acidosis produced by excessive fate metabolism and ketone accumulation |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ___ is secreted in response to a fall in blood glucose |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ is secreted by the C cells of the thyroid gland |
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Definition
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Term
| by signaling the ______, the skin is an endocrine gland and vitamin D is a hormone |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| production of estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, gametogenesis are functions of the |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ___ develop into a male reproductive tract under the influence of testosterone |
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Definition
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Term
| An XY combination of sex chromosomes is a genetic ___; the secretion of ___ by fetal gonads induces the development of male external genitalia and reproductive tract |
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Definition
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|
Term
| its secretion is stimulated by LH, it stimulates spermatogenesis, it promotes closure of the epiphyseal place, it stimulates protein synthesis and promotes bone growth |
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Definition
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|
Term
| sperm cells are stored for maturation in the |
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Definition
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|
Term
| spermatogenesis is controlled by |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which female structure has a similar tissue composistion as the penis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| providing a blood-testes barrier, phagocytizing cytoplasm extruded from sperm during their development, secreting androgen-binding protein, providing nourishment for developing sperm |
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Definition
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|
Term
| stimulates both FSH and LH secretion, is inhibited by testosterone, has low-level activity during the prepubertal period |
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Definition
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|
Term
| __ supply fructose to be utilized by the sperm for energy |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| during oogenesis; one primary oocyte produces ___ mature ovum |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| reinitiating meiosis in the oocytes of developing follicles, halting estrogen synthesis by the follicular cells, triggering ovulation, formation of the corpus luteum |
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Definition
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|
Term
| occurs during the secretory, or progestational, phase of the mentrual cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during the secretory phase the corpus luteum secretes high levels of |
|
Definition
| estrogen and progesterone |
|
|
Term
| responsible for accomplishing implantation and destined to become the fetal portion of the placenta |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| secreted by the plactenta, maintains the corpus luteum, its presence in the urine is the basis of pregnancy diagnosis tests, secreted primarily during the first ten weeks of gestation |
|
Definition
| human chorionic gonadotropin |
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|
Term
| exerts a strong inhibitory influence on the uterine musculature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| straight tubules originate at the seminigerous tubules and form a network of passageways called the |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which muscles move the testes toward the body |
|
Definition
| the cremaster ad the dartos muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the small paired structures at the base of the penis that secrete a think, alkaline mucus are the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spermatozoa, seminal fluid, prostaglandins, spermatogonia make up |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the paired erectile bodies in the penis are |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the male reproductive system is most closely associated with which of the following systems |
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Definition
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|
Term
| blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and the ductus deferens can be found inside |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| during meiosis I, maternal and paternal chromosomes fuse together during the process called ___ to form a ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| secrete mullerian inhibiting factor, coordinate spermiogenesis, support meiosis, serve as a blood testes barrier |
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Definition
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|
Term
| in mature human spermatozoa the head contains ____ chromosomes |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| contraction of the ____ tightens the scrotal sac |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the inferior portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| serves as a passageway for the elimination of menstrual fluids, recieves the penis during coitus, holds spermatozoa prio to their passage to the uterus, forms the lower portion of the birth canal |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the region of the uterine tube captures the ovum |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| structure that extends fromthe lateral surface of the ovary, past the open end of the uterine tube, to the pelvic wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stimulates amturation fo primordial follicles in the ovary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a mature follicle releases an ovum in response to a surge in |
|
Definition
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