Bran and spinal cord

Astrocytes

Oligodendrocytes

Ependymal

Microglia

Cranial and Spinal nerves

Satellite and schwann cells

Sympathetic

• Activates body during fight or flight
• Increases HR and decreases excretory functions

Parasympathetic

• "house keeping functions"
• Decreases HR and increases excretory functions

Cell body - synthesis of neurotransmitters

Axon Hillock - threshhold gate

Dentrites - increases surface area for axons to attach, where we receive a stimulus

Axon - how we send signals, myelinated

Myelin sheath - protects and insulates axons, makes transmission faster

Fissure - deep groove

Sulcus - shallow groove

Gyrus - ridges

Frontal lobe - front of brain, motor cortex, problem solving

Parietal lobe - back of brain, somatosensory cortex

Temporal lobe - side of brain, hearing, taste

Occipital lobe - back of brain, vision

Auditory Cortex - temporal lobe, process sound

Motor cortex - frontal lobe, voluntary muscle control

Sensory cortex - parietal lobe, interpret senses

Olfactory cortex - temporal lobe, smell

Visual cortex - occipital lobe, sight

Broca's area - frontal lobe, word articulation

I. Olfactory - smell

II. Optic - sight

III. Occulomotor - eye movement

IV. Trochlear - eye movement

V. Trigeminal - sensation from face, mastication

VI. Abducens - eye movement

VII. Facial - facial expression, taste, saliva

VIII. Vestibulochlear - balance, sound, equilibrium

IX. Glossopharygeal - taste, sense from tonsils

X. Vagus - voice, taste from epiglottis

XI. Accessory - controls traps and sternocleiomastoid

XII. Hypoglosseal - tongue movement, speech articulation

unconscious coordination of muscles

equilibrium

Pathway for efferent and afferent neurons

Integration center

HR

Respiratory Rate

BP

Vomiting

Swallowing

connects right and left hemispheres of brain

largest white matter structure in brain

Endocrine gland

Secretes melatonin

regulates sleep/wake cycles

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Epithalamus 

Terms:

Gyrus

Sulcus

Fissure

Gyrus - ridge

Sulcus - shallow groove

Fissure - deep sulcus

Motor - before central sulcus (frontal)

Somatosensory - after central sulcus (parietal)

Visual - occipital lobe

Auditory - temporal lobe

Olfactory - frontal lobe

1. Receptor - receives impulse
2. Sensory neuron - relays info to integration center
3. Integration - interprets stimulus
4. Motor neuron - relays info from integration to motor neuron
5. Effector - changes in response to stimulus

Mono - two neurons, much faster, integration in synapse

Poly - multiple neurons, interneurons, takes longer, integration in CNS

Golgi Tendon Organ

Nerves in tendon linking muscle to tendon

Muscle Spindle

Nerves coiled around slender muscle fibers

Hypo - lower neuron defecit

Hyper - upper neuron lesions

Rt Atria - deoxygenized blood from body arrives via superior and inferior vena cave

Rt ventricle - deoxygenized blood pumped into lungs via pulmonary artery 

Lt. atria - oxygenized blood from lungs via pulmonary veins

Lt. ventricle - oxygenized blood pumped to body via aorta

Deoxygenized blood from body arrives in rt atria

Travels through tricuspid atrioventricular valve

Arrives in rt ventricle and is pumped through pulmonary semilunar valve to go to lungs

Oxygenized blood from pulmonary vein arrives in lt atria

Travels through bicuspid atrioventricular valve and ends up in lt ventricle

Blood is then pumped to body via aorta

Heart Terms:

Chordae Tendineae

Papillary Muscle

Interventricular Septum

Myocardium

Chordae Tendineae - anchor cusps to ventricular wall

Papillary Muscle - attached to chordae tendineae and when tight, close cusps

Interventricular Septum - longitudinally divides heart

Myocardium - walls of heart, cardiac muscle

SA node generates impulse, atrial depolarization begins

Impulse halted at AV node

Impulse reaches heart apex, ventricular depolarization begins

Ventricular depolarization complete

Record of heart voltage vs. time

only records electrical events in majority of heart muscle

Big Box - .2 sec

Small Box - .04 sec

1500 

__________

#small squares between R waves

300

______________

# big squares between R waves

.16-.18 seconds

Lapse in time between atrial depolarization and ventricular depolarization

P deflection to start of Q deflection

.08 second

Start of Q deflection to S return to isoteric line

completion of ventricular depolarization