Term
This Captured audience – Average American commutes 50 minutes a day. |
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Definition
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Term
70% of adults list ______ as their primary source of information. |
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Definition
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Term
_____ differs from print release-time at top of page, words even shorter, sentences even shorter. Copy now not all in all-caps. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
-short broadcast release may be accompanied by sound bites |
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Definition
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Term
a recorded quote from one in the news story or from someone speaking for the company about the product.
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Definition
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Term
-Preferred length of a ANR-
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Definition
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Term
- 75 percent of news outlets prefer “actualities” by phone (pre-recorded voice of company personnel reading pre-recorded scripts) |
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Definition
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Term
5 Elements of broadcast news |
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Definition
-topical-hot topic -timeliness -localization -humanization -visual appeal soundbites |
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Term
Radio PSAs what kind of organizations may produce ads (PSAs) that may be run free. Unpaid announcement that promotes the programs of government or voluntary agencies or something that serves the public interest. Profit making enterprises may qualify for a cooperative PSA (e.g. charitable activity) |
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Definition
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Term
Lengths 60,30,20, 15, 10 seconds may be just scripts, completely packaged or combination. -prefer them to have local telephone and have helpful information not ask for donations |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
publicists pre-books telephone interviews with DJs. Spokesperson may be hundreds of miles away. -Selling point of a PSA- low cost, convenience of short interviews from one location. |
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Definition
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Term
4 approaches on how to get on Television |
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Definition
1) Send same news releases that print receives 2) Media alert of advisory- memo informing editor about event (e-mail, fax, snail mail) 3) Online or e-mail assignment editor and pitch. 4) Produce a VNR Includes B-Roll (background shots) and transmitted by satellite |
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Term
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Definition
-Lack of source attribution -FCC tells viewers about the source. -All pre-package material must contain complete disclosure |
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Term
-pre-booked tours, one-on-one interviews from a fixed location via satellite with TV journalists and talk show hosts |
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Definition
Satellite media tours (SMTS) |
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Term
variation on SMT; video and sound bites to TV stations across the country via satellite. |
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Definition
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Term
-visually appealing -localized -who, what, why, when, where and how |
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Definition
SMTs Satellite Media Tours |
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Term
-negative connotation: is actually a trip on which editors and reporters inspect a company’s manufacturing facilities. -host picks up tab for feeding, transporting, and housing. -some publications insist on paying |
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Definition
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Term
-offered to travel writers and editors by the tourism industry. Called “fam” trips |
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Definition
Media tours: the familiarization trip |
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Term
-offered by high-tech industries. Executives travel to key cities to talk with selected editors. |
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Definition
Media tour: high-tech trips |
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Term
-luncheon, dinner, or cocktail party. -host makes “pitch” at the end and takes questions. -media receive press packets and tour |
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Definition
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Term
this is always associated with selling something or getting someone to do something. |
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Definition
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Term
-conversation over dinner -become acquainted with media people -opens channels of communication. -assumes editors/reporters more friendly and steak and drink -reporters assume they have paid by giving their time |
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Definition
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Term
The web: major vehicle for distributing information
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Definition
-Web-based news sites: more than 6,000 -may be extensions of newspapers, magazines, or television stations. |
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Term
-a digital recording of a radio or other broadcast program. -listed in online directories -available on web sites of some corporations -can reach diverse audiences with highly targeted messages -not about long commercials |
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Definition
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Term
-PR people starting to pitch to bloggers. -should monitor first -corporations are setting up their own blogs to answer critics, media. |
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Definition
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Term
-to distribute media kits -for online press rooms or newsrooms -for live events like news conferences |
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Definition
Webcasts by organizations |
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Term
PR practitioners are expected to: |
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Definition
-answer questions of journalist -give a major speech -write and prepare their bosses to give a major speech |
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Term
how do you prepare for a media interview? |
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Definition
be entertaining
specific information that can create a theme
know their style
know their purpose and assemble the facts |
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Term
how is print and broadcast delivered |
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Definition
print is filtered by the mind and the interpreter reads it as broadcast |
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Term
what is important about television |
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Definition
speaker is seen and heard. Speaker’s personality can "sell" itself. |
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Term
do you always accept interview opportunities? |
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Definition
no, not if you need to delay information from coming out.
you may choose to interview on only certain topics. |
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Term
three aspects of a print interview |
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Definition
they may be longer than an hour
the interviewee has no control on the content
you should answer questions and not get off topic |
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Term
3 requirements for radio and television interviews. |
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Definition
1) Preparations (guests should know what key message is to be emphasized)
2) Concise (should respond precisely and briefly)
3) Relaxed (concentrate on interview and interviewer) |
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Term
things that create a positive news conference |
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Definition
two way communication
always create cooperative atmosphere
can lead to unanticipated controversy
most are positive in intent |
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Term
when should you hold a news conference? |
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Definition
you must asses if it would be better to release it in a media kit or news release. |
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Term
what do you do to plan a news conference? |
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Definition
invite every news outlet
best hours are 9:30 or 10am
2pm best for broadcast
speaker should never talk off record
speaker should never lie or guess |
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Term
what are 2 other types of news broadcasts |
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Definition
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Term
speech related qualities that a PR person must have. |
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Definition
interpersonal communication skills
speaking ability
be able to write speeches |
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Term
things a PR person must research |
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Definition
audience
his executive
the place he is speaking
and the topic he's discussing |
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Term
what things must the speech do? |
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Definition
appeal to the ear
differ from other kinds of writing
relate to audience's needs and problems
demographics |
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Term
good non verbal communication skills for a PR person |
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Definition
smile
speech
posture
eye contact
animation
kinetics |
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Term
how to use speech as a news release |
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Definition
distribute a release about a speech and multiply your audience
summaries in one or two sentences
answer questions
don't say speaker spoke about it,instead say what the speaker said about the topic. |
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Term
what is the objective of a speech? |
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Definition
what the speech is supposed to be accomplished. |
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Term
what are some useful approaches for giving speeches? |
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Definition
-get proper tone -use personal pronouns -make comparisons -use direct quotes -use active voice |
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Term
how do you write a speech? |
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Definition
it's put together like building blocks
1)opening
2)body
3)conclusion |
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Term
what are three important things to remember when giving a speech? |
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Definition
clarity
appeal to the ear
keep the audience in mind |
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Term
what is important about powerpoint? |
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Definition
90 percent of offices use them
may want to supplement with hard copies
charts and graphs
flip charts |
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Term
how do you make the best of publicity opportunites? |
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Definition
-media advisory- 1 or 2 sentences telling speaker and why it is important -PR work begins after the speech -prepare audio -video -print releases -op-ed conversion -speech reprint |
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Term
why should you study corporations? |
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Definition
-negative publicity requires that they gain trust and credibility -they realize the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) -the public relations practitioner has a major role in doing both |
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Term
How are today's corporations unique? |
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Definition
-they deal with a number of governments -their operations affect the environment |
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Term
how much public distrust is there? |
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Definition
73% versus the 27% that actually trust. |
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Term
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Definition
Corporate Social Responsibility |
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Term
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Definition
-adopting ethical principles -pursuing transparency and disclosure -making a trust foundation precept of corporate governance |
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Term
what is the importance of PR in corporations? |
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Definition
-being the eyes and ears of the corporation, training them on all stakeholders -severing as link between CEO and realties of marketplace and organization (not a yes-person) |
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Term
how do you implement the CSR |
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Definition
-counseling the CEO -helping create and maintaining company morale -urging company’s becoming good public citizen |
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Term
hos does the PR person influence decision making? |
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Definition
-governmental regulation and other political influences -engineering knowledge -responsibility to society -whether making a profit is possible |
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Term
what are the key factors in decision making? |
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Definition
-political-effect of government regulation -technological- need for engineering knowledge -social-responsibility to society -economic-need to make a profit |
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Term
how does the media pressure corporations |
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Definition
-CEOs defensive -Yet media is most effective way to help get corporation’s message across -influenced by lack of qualified reporters. |
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Term
what is the media's viewpoint? |
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Definition
-uncooperative executives-erect barriers against them -don’t have access to key personnel -CEOs don’t understand objectivity and think anything unfavorable is intentionally bad |
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Term
what does Cavaet Emptor mean |
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Definition
let the buyer beware
No longer can we the sellers expect the goods to be safe. |
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Term
Customer service is __________ from the PR function. |
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Definition
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Term
Corporations must reach diverse markets by |
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Definition
focusing on more than one market |
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Term
what does customer relations do for PR? |
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Definition
-Front line of PR-single incident can damage a company reputation -internet and blogs can affect thousands -keep old customers (it costs less to retain customers than to get new ones) -expedite complaint handling |
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Term
what is involved with product recalls? |
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Definition
test the patience of consumers and credibility of company -PR has to monitor after effects |
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Term
what is Office of Ombudsperson |
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Definition
originally was a government official in Sweden and New Zealand appointed to investigate complaints about government officials. |
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Term
what do consumer agencies do? |
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Definition
Federal Trade Commission-protects consumers in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. -Consumer product safety commission-oversees product safety and standards -Office of Consumer Affairs- publishes literature to inform public of development in consumer affairs. |
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Term
what is consumer activism? |
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Definition
-PETA is an example of a group that targets companies -Boycotts-a refusal to buy products or services -Small percentage drop in sales will cause companies to rethink policies, especially for single product. |
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Term
what is employee relations? |
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Definition
-PR concentrates on communicating with employees and working with human resources, but is separate. -difficult to retain good employees when its messages are not believed. |
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Term
what are major PR employee challenges |
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Definition
layoffs- job reduction procedures can affect futures of organizations -allows rumor mill/grapevine to work overtime -outsourcing or off shoring-sending white collar jobs to other nations |
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Term
Greatest employee challenge for corporations |
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Definition
dealing with composition of employees that includes more minorities |
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Term
what 2 things must be done in the workplace? |
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Definition
1) Embrace diversity 2) Actively recruit ethnic minorities |
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Term
Communication with shareholders and prospective investors is called? |
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Definition
investor relations
-its goal: to combine communications and finance to accurately portray prospects from an investment standpoint |
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Term
what is the biggest pro of IR? |
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Definition
among the highest paid in business |
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Term
what is Integrated Marketing Communications? |
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Definition
-Public relations combined with advertising, marketing, direct mail and promotion -News stories combine with advertising, marketing, direct mail. |
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Term
what is product publicity |
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Definition
-Publicity-low cost effective way to reach potential customers -publicity builds credibility |
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Term
what is product placement? |
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Definition
-product in movie or television -fees paid to studios -Film needing particular product |
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Term
what is Cause-related marketing? |
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Definition
-when a for-profit company combines with a non-profit company (often a charity) to advance a cause and increase sales. |
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Term
why use corporate sponsorships? |
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Definition
-enhance reputation -give brands high visibility -promote focal points for marketing and sales -generate publicity |
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Term
what is CSR environmental relations? |
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Definition
-Good CSR today means increased corporate concern for environment and sustaining resources. -NGOs (nongovernmental organizations that champion environmental and human rights issues) |
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Term
what is CSR: corporate philanthropy |
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Definition
-when companies donate funds, products, and services to good causes -used to show goodwill and reputation as good citizens |
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Term
what is strategic philanthropy? |
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Definition
-Strengthen brand reputation -increase profitability -improve relationships -help recruit -increase media opportunities -Downside 1)can’t offset scandal; 2) problem when groups oppose a cause |
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Term
Dennys remember stuff about it… |
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Definition
no one is allowed to be even remotely politically incorrect. |
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Term
Government relations specialists are called |
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Definition
public affairs specialists |
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Term
what are the functions of Public affairs specialist |
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Definition
-Gather information -Disseminate management’s views -Cooperate with government on projects of mutual benefit -Motivate employees to participate in political process |
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Term
what are the written tactics |
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Definition
-Letters -Op-ed pieces -Position papers -Newsletters -Planning/developing advocacy advertising |
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Term
Public affairs specialist defined: |
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Definition
Monitor activities of legislative bodies and regulatory agencies to keep track of issues up for debate/vote. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Why these public affair specialists? |
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Definition
-Washington has many interests -Business/Washington need professional advice on getting their messages heard. -PR specialists in this area help journalists, politicians and clients. |
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Term
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Definition
person who tries to influence the voting on legislation or decisions of government administrators; tries to defeat passage or amend proposed legislation |
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Term
what are some of the most influential lobby groups |
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Definition
1) American Association of Retired Persons 2) American Israel Public Affairs Committee 3) National Federation of Independent Business 4) National Rifle Association 5) AFL-CIO (blue collar labor organization) |
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Term
what does cancelling out mean? |
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Definition
-Competing groups often cancel each other out -Leaves legislators to decide pros and cons. |
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Term
what is influence peddling? |
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Definition
-Former legislators and government officials who capitalize on their former connections and charge large fees to influence legislation. |
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Term
Controlling lobbying requires registering with Congress and disclosing paid clients and issues lobbied |
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Definition
registering with Congress and disclosing paid clients and issues lobbied |
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Term
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Definition
-Tools include advocacy advertising, toll-free phone lines, bulk faxing, Web sites, computerized direct mail aimed at generating calls and letters. |
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Term
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Definition
-doing grass roots lobbying under a false front (e.g. tobacco) |
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Term
what happens in Elections campaigns |
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Definition
-candidates retain professionals to organize fund-raising activities. |
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Term
what is Government communications |
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Definition
-Governmental offices have always engaged “public relations” officials. |
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Term
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Definition
-Independent partisan organizations -Retain nonprofit status while running issue campaigns -Not be directly connected to national parties or candidates |
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Term
what did the 1913 Gillett Amendment do |
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Definition
it prevented paying “publicity” experts. |
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Term
what are the Duties of a lobbyist |
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Definition
-Communicate works of government agency -explain helping citizen understand and benefit -provide feedback -advise how to communicate an issue -serve as ombudsman -educate about how media works |
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Term
who is on the President's PR staff? |
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Definition
Director of communications: highest ranking PR official under the President
Press Secretary (primary spokesperson for the administration; one-step below President’s cabinet) |
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Term
what are the duties of the Press Secretary? |
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Definition
Collect information on what is happening inside the administration and around the world. -Information includes summary of President’s daily schedule. -Fields questions from white house press corps in briefings, press conference and -press gaggles- on the record briefing w/o video recording through transcripts. |
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Term
what is the average tenure of the Presidential press secretary? |
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Definition
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Term
what is International PR? |
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Definition
A planned and organized effort of a company, institution or government to establish mutually beneficial relations with the public of other nations. |
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Term
what is the Global Village? |
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Definition
-The world connected through means of electronic communication -today almost one-third of all US corporate profits are generated through international business. |
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Term
Global village is evolving because of the 1990’s growth in |
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Definition
1) New Communications technology 2) Development of 24-hour financial markets worldwide 3) Lowering of trade barriers 4) Growth of foreign competition in American markets 5) Shrinking cultural differences |
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Term
what are high context communications? |
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Definition
-largely non-western countries -meanings of words based upon environmental context and the relationship and not explicit statements -(e.g. Asians and Arabs) |
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Term
what are low context communications? |
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Definition
-Great emphasis on exact words and meaning comes from verbalized statements, non-verbal; behavior cues. -(e.g. Europe and America) |
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Term
what are some cultural differences |
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Definition
-Color white- in US means pure; in Asia means death -German and Swiss thinking using first names makes person uncouth -Chinese do nut number tables because it appears to “rank” guests or give some unlucky numbers |
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Term
Why do foreign countries hire US PR practitioners? |
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Definition
-to hold off protectionist moves threatening them -to defeat legislation -to support US expansion of products -to provide ongoing information of politics, sociology or commerce to assist in marketing |
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Term
-Big companies need to understand that ___________ has a bad name is some places perceived as oppressive and exploitative in international arena. |
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Definition
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Term
What are some things corporations need to do in the international arena? |
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Definition
1)Companies need to pursue initiatives in the environment and human rights to get business.
2)NGOs can play a role in non-government organizations although NGOs hostile they need to understand they can play a role by lending seal of approval
Logos on products may show a company is endorsed is socially responsible.
3)International institutions like world trade organization are seen as un-transparent and undemocratic. They must build trust by opening up. |
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Term
what are some reasons PR practitioners represent other countries. |
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Definition
-advance political objectives -advance commercial interests -try to win support on specific issues -help modify laws -counsel countries on what reactions will be -help cross language barriers |
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Term
what is the process for PR firms? |
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Definition
-bid for accounts -gather info -register to lobby -establish information bureau to distribute facts -use tools –ads, meet w/key officials to lobby |
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Term
Problems for Pr practitioners |
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Definition
-seen as advocates for human rights violations -try to persuade country to change -never expect favorable treatment -whether to represent abusive nations |
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Term
in 1953 eisenhower created image machine called the |
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Definition
united states information agency |
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Term
PR is needed in various sized |
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Definition
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Term
what makes nonprofits unique? |
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Definition
Their tax exempt status, it is critical. -Why is the government willing to make them tax exempt? Because they enhance the well being of their members and society |
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Term
what are some basic needs of nonprofits? |
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Definition
-communication campaigns. -volunteers/trained staff -plans and menas to reach realistic fund-raising goals/Fundraising
Most contributions to nonprofits come not from corporations but from people. |
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Term
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Definition
Trade associations
Labor Unions
Membership organizations |
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Term
Attorneys advertise most in |
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Definition
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Term
what do advocacy groups do? |
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Definition
-Environment is often major agenda item -Promote recycling, elimination of toxic wastes, pure water/air, preserving natural resources -Try to influence collective conscience: Greenpeace in 30 countries. |
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Term
what are social organizations? |
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Definition
social service, health, hospitals, religions, welfare, cultural, foundations |
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Term
what are the activities done by advocacy groups? |
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Definition
-Lobbying-national, state and local -Litigation- file suits and seek court rulings -Mass demonstrations- demonstrate public support -Boycotts- “hit them in the pocket book” -Reconciliations- cooperate with corporations |
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Term
what are 2 main tools of advocacy? |
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Definition
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Term
what is an example of a social services agencies? |
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Definition
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Term
what do health agencies do? |
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Definition
target specific illnesses and use education and research to combat |
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Term
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Definition
conduct health programs -may be tax-supported, non-profits or profit making, but heavy into fund-raising |
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Term
what do religious organizations do? |
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Definition
distribute charity -Provide moral and ethical leadership |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
PR goals for every volunteer agency |
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Definition
1) Develop public awareness 2) Include use of services 3) Create educational materials 4) Recruit amend and train volunteers 5) Obtain funds to operate |
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Term
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Definition
-Corporate and foundations donations -capital campaigns -direct mail -special events -telephone solicitations -800 and 900 numbers for contributors -commercial enterprises |
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Term
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Definition
to fill lonely life, make social contracts, for pride, for personal satisfaction. -Retirees- excellent source of volunteers |
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Term
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Definition
-Answer to questions where will you get the money? Individuals 10/90 10% of the people in a population give the 90% of the money. |
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Term
what are the motivations people have to give money? |
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Definition
-Generosity-a desire to share -Ego satisfaction- to get their names on things -Peer pressure- can’t say no to peers -love of what they are giving to |
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Term
what is a capital campaign? |
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Definition
-raising major amounts of money for buildings, endowments (one time expenditures) |
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Term
what are the content requirements of direct mail? |
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Definition
-attention getting headline -humanize -testimonials -ask for specific action -close with postscript
Always remember to do your feasibility research and don’t ignore or assume you know already. |
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Term
who is the head PR officer at a University? |
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Definition
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Term
what is involved with media relations? |
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Definition
-News bureau- is the most visible of University offices and (1) sends out news releases. 1) Promotes faculty and staff 2) Distributes news about students 3) Supports other parts of university advancement 4) Deals with media inquiries |
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Term
what does a PR officer do? |
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Definition
-Counselor—needs immediate access and direct reporting line to President.
-Serves internal publics – students, faculty, staff, alumni, donors, board (may serve athletics)
-Deals with external publics, such as governmental relations. |
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Term
what are other external publics? |
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Definition
-Community – head may serve on boards -Prospective students/parents – helps develop/design recruiting plans, devices. |
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Term
each message you send to different publics needs to be |
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Definition
|
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Term
aspects of sports publicity |
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Definition
1) sports fans 2) sports critics 3) professional teams 4) high schools 5) prospective athletes |
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Term
what is included in title 9? |
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Definition
-affects sports publicity’s role related to equity for women. -creates unique “watchdog” public. |
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Term
what are some of the resources for educational professionals? |
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Definition
-Council for the advancement and support of education- key PR arm for higher education. |
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Term
what are the crisis communication tools? |
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Definition
-need communication plan -need key contact lists -need key mailing lists |
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Term
how does PR work in elementary and secondary schools? |
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Definition
-PR person reports to superintendent -works with board -contact between media and board -key difference between college and school PR programs, schooling is required so media is “friendlier” to schools. |
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Term
what are the key publics for school? |
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Definition
-voters -media audiences -community -parents |
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Term
what is the ongoing communications systems for schools. |
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Definition
-weather -health -safety -transportation -athletics |
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Term
what is included in public education politics? |
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Definition
-A unique role and publics -legislature -city/county commissions -bond issues -tax issues |
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Term
-required: in colleges =, unique case occurs where academic freedom is concerned |
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Definition
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Term
the mass media glorifies entertainers |
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Definition
-Often nurtured by publicists that use questionable tactics and exaggerations. -outside mainstream of PR
Fame-positions bring it Fame- notoriety brings it
No longer a difference between fame and notoriety. |
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Term
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Definition
-planned happening for the purpose of being reported |
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Term
why the fascination with celebrities? |
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Definition
-Celebrities are products of: Natural public curiosity about an individual’s achievements of position in life. -And publicity build-ups using PR techniques, (often pseudo-events ala PT Barnum) |
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Term
what drives the public to want to know about celebrities and their lives? |
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Definition
Natural instinct to know about each other -appearances on talk shows -TV interviews -magazine articles -on-line chat sessions -ghost written books “no talents” become celebrities |
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Term
what are the motivating factors in the cult of personality? |
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Definition
-Fame -Notoriety -Self glorification- Donald Trump and Martha Stewart -Repair of a bad image- Kobe Bryant -Desire for money -Psychological explanations |
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Term
what do you do to repair a bad image? |
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Definition
-Proclaim dismay and lack of knowledge -make reparations -reverse role-from offender to Crusader -Arrange an event to make new commitment -proclaim new role through media relations -constructive actions and publicity have a compelling effect on audiences |
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Term
what are PR practitioners special responsibility with celebrities? |
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Definition
-Damage control- must protect the star once we make them a star |
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Term
Formula: when celebrities blunder |
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Definition
1): make an immediate response to minimize negative momentum. (20 second soundbites) 2) issue regret or denial 3) reveal your mistakes and apologize 4) make amends 5) have celebrity disappear from sight. |
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Term
how to create public awareness |
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Definition
1) Interview the client – use related experiences to make them seem girl next door. 2) Prepare a bio- stress the girl next door qualities 3) Plan a market strategy- determine what is to be sold (book, movie, TV series) |
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Term
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Definition
When we keep releaseing a little more and a little more info on an upcoming movie. |
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