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Definition
| a junction or gap between nerve cells and another nerve cell or muscle. |
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Definition
Springtail
Denovian: 400 mya
Insects used to be a lot bigger |
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| Many orders were observed in the: |
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Definition
Carboniferous: 350-300 mya
some orders have gone extinct |
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| flowering plants become present in the: |
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Definition
Cretaceous: 150-65 mya
wind pollination occurs, but allows insects that can fly to pollinate |
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| Most modern families evolved by: |
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Definition
40 mya
most are still around today |
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Term
most of our pests come from:
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Definition
| The Neotropics, Indo-Australia, Palearctic |
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Term
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Definition
| Invasive + multiple generations + no natural enemies + abundant resources |
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Term
| The body wall opening of the respiratory system is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| The foregut of an insect functions in what capacity? |
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Definition
obtains and stores food
includes oesophogus, crop, and proventriculus |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| toward the middle of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| toward the outside of the body |
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Term
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Definition
largest organ
composed of three principle layers: basement membrane, epidermis, and cuticle |
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Term
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Definition
| non-cellular, provides support |
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Term
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Definition
| a cellular layer that secretes the cuticle, living part of the integument |
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Term
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Definition
| non-cellular, produced from the epidermal cells, layered primarily of chitin and proteins with an outer layer of wax. |
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Term
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Definition
| compound composed of protein and carbohydrate, forms into fibers that are flexible or can interlock with other proteins to make a hard strong plate. |
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Term
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Definition
lowered jaw
¬
i.e. grasshoppers |
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Term
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Definition
forward jaw
predators
−
i.e beetle |
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Term
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Definition
projecting backwards
piercing/sucking
‾‾‾⁄
i.e. aphid |
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Term
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Definition
| leg modification for WALKING |
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Term
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Definition
| leg modification for RUNNING fast |
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Term
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Definition
leg modification for DIGGING
use hindlegs to push forward |
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Term
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Definition
leg modification used for JUMPING
i.e. fleas, femur muscle loaded w/muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| leg modification used for SWIMMING |
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Term
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Definition
| leg modification used for HOLDING |
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Term
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Definition
| leg modification used for GRASPING PREY |
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Term
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Definition
| leg modification used for POLLEN COLLECTING. Bees collect pollen, compact into ball and store in pollen basket |
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Term
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Definition
| Forewing leathery to protect hindwing. (Orthoptera) |
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Term
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Definition
sclerotized and membranous, protects hindwings and bodies. (Hemiptera)
"half & half" |
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Term
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Definition
| forewing is completely hardened to protect hindwings, its sole purpose; hindwings are only used for flight |
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Term
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Definition
| no hindwings, act as replacement, counterbalance forewings. (Diptera) |
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Term
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Definition
| every segment has spiracles, has ability to open and close off to prevent waterloss |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
egg placement, insertion
grasshopper: stretches abdomen, bends to insert.
Bees: the "sting" modification |
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Term
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Definition
esophogous, crop & proventriculus.
all 3 integument layers, lined with cuticle. |
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Term
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Definition
Gastric Caecae & ventriculus
Only basement membrane and epidermal cells of integument, have to be able to move. |
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Term
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Definition
Malpighian tubes, intestine, rectum, anus
all 3 integument layers, lined with cuticle. |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the forgut that is a storage structure, holds food until the insect is ready to move it to the midgut for digestion. |
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Term
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Definition
| a muscular part of the foregut that is responsible for chewing and grinding food. |
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Term
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Definition
| organs that secrete enzymes that help in the digestion process; first part of the midgut. |
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Term
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Definition
| absorption takes place here. |
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Definition
| part of the hindgut that function like kidneys; as it contacts toxic substances, it grabs and pulls through intestine. |
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Definition
| no lungs, air comes in through spiracles, passive intake & expulsion of air through system of branching tubes: tracheae, some aquatic species use gill system |
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Definition
| Open system(no veins, no red blood cells) insect gets oxygen from tracheae, blood gets pushed forward |
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Definition
| central nervous system & stomatogastric nervous system;remarkably similar to humans |
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Term
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Definition
| has 3 distinct areas: protocerebrum, deutocerebrum & tritocerebrum |
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Term
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Definition
| receives input from the antennae, responsible for smell. |
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Term
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Definition
| extends to the compound eyes, responsible for vision. |
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Term
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Definition
| links to the suboesophageal ganglion that innervates mouthparts, operates the mouth. |
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Term
| Stomatogastric Nervous System |
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Definition
| comprised of a frontal ganglion connected to the brain and other smaller ganglia throughout the head; these ganglia innervate the digestive tract and the neuroendocrine glands, the corpora cardiaca and corpora allata. |
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Term
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Definition
| glands that produce hormones that are circulated throughout the body by the nervous system or hemolymph. |
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Term
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Definition
| a pair of tiny neuronal masses that are associated with stomodaeal nervous system; secrete hormones important in physiological processes like molting |
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Term
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Definition
| a pair of neuronal bodies that are connected to the Corpora Cardiaca; secrete hormones important in physiological processes like molting; produces juvenile hormone(JH) suppresses adult features. |
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Term
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Definition
| a nerve mass that is positioned under the head; responsible for coordinating the movement of the mouthparts and swallowing. |
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Term
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Definition
| inner membrane of an egg; is very flexible and surrounds the cytoplasm. |
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Term
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Definition
| the outer, hard part of an egg; the shell |
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Term
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Definition
| making a new cuticle to allow for growth; one of two stages of the molting process; includes brain hormone & ecdysone. |
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Term
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Definition
| shedding the old cuticle; the second stage in the molting process; includes eclosion hormone & bursicon. |
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Term
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Definition
1) cell enlargement & cell division
2) separation of epidermis & cuticle
3) restructuring of new cuticle inside old. |
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Definition
| one generation every year |
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Definition
| multiple generations in one year. |
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Definition
| receptor hairs that that receive information through touch or vibrations; most numerous sensory structures on the body |
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Term
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Definition
| hair-like projections innervated by a single neuron. |
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Definition
| opening of the body wall covered by a thin membranous dome, innervated by a single neuron. |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized sensillum surround the joints around appendages or the margins of sclerites; helps insect know when legs extend/crunch in;helps keep appendages where they want them. |
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Term
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Definition
| receptors that are sensitive to chemicals; these receptors are used in detecting smell and taste. |
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Term
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Definition
1) get males & females of correct species together
2) avoid mating mistakes: behavioral & genetic
3) female choice
4) paternity assurance |
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Term
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Definition
| an interbreeding group of individuals of the same species, usually found in an area that is describable. |
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Term
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Definition
| (birth rate) total number of eggs or the eggs per female laid per unit time, numbers added to population. |
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Term
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Definition
| proportion of individuals in different age groups at a given time; easy to identify b/c of insect stages. |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals interact with other members of the population and with individuals of other animal and plant populations. "web of life" |
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Term
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Definition
| autotrophs;derive their energy from the sun; convert energy & abiotic nutrients into food. |
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Term
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Definition
| heterotroph; eat the food |
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Term
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Definition
| heterotrophs; eat the primary consumers |
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Definition
| ecosystem created by humans that includes cultivated plants and domesticated animals associated w/organized agricultural activities & whose products & efforts are for human efforts. |
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Definition
| the "address" of an organism within the community, where it exists |
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Definition
| the way in which a species "makes a living" in its habitat within the community. |
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Term
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Definition
| insects that lay eggs into the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| insects that retain eggs inside the female until the embryo is ready to hatch. |
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Term
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Definition
| subunits that make up the eye; the more subunits, the better visual acuity. |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of sensory cells found on the antennae i.e. mosquito |
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Term
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Definition
| hearing organ, can be just about anywhere; legs, abdomen, wing, etc. |
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