Term
Catchment Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area |
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Definition
geographic area from which the participants in an activity are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity. |
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Definition
Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically achievable, density of soils and aggregates. |
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Definition
parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west layout of the US Survey system |
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Term
Survey - Standard Parallels |
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Definition
parallels between the baselines in the US Survey |
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Term
Survey - Principal Meridian |
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Definition
meridian (north-south line that follows longitude of earth) that serves as the basis for the north‐south grid layout of the US Survey |
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Term
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Definition
meridians between the principal meridians |
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Term
Survey - Metes‐and‐bounds |
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Definition
verbal description of land that begins at a known point and describes the bearing and length of each side of the property until the point of the beginning is reached |
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Term
Topography - Contour interval |
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Definition
change in elevation between two contours. Smaller scaled maps typically have a larger interval for clarity. |
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Definition
contours point “down” toward the lower elevation |
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Term
Topography - Swale/Valley |
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Definition
contours point “up” towards the higher elevation |
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Definition
concentric circles with elevations getting higher towards the center |
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Definition
concentric circles with the elevations getting lower towards the center |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
wetland that features permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry‐land protrusions |
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Term
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Definition
an elongated depression in the land surface that is at least seasonally wet, is usually vegetated and is normally without flowing water. |
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Definition
low lying area that is designed to temporarily hold a set amount of water while slowly draining to another location. They are more or less around for flood control when large amounts of rain could cause flash flooding if not dealt with properly |
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Term
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Definition
designed to hold a specific amount of water indefinitely. Usually the pond is designed to have drainage leading to another location when the water level gets above the pond capacity, but still maintains a certain capacity |
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Term
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Definition
system of rights and duties that determine the reasonable use, duties, and allocations of water to owners of waterfront property (includes bottomland, beach, and upland, but not the water itself). Owners can use water adjacent to their property, but can’t infringe upon the rights of others to use the water. |
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Definition
water that flows across paved surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
how much radiant energy that is reflected by a surface where 0 is a flat black surface which absorbs all heat and 1 is a mirror (rate is listed as a fraction). |
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Definition
the speed with which heat passes through a material. Metals are high, and soils/sand are low. |
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Definition
based on latitude, elevation, and proximity to water. Water reduces temperature extremes. |
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Definition
based on solar radiation, the angle between the ground and altitude |
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Term
Macroclimate - Islands/Costal Region |
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Definition
constant & moderate temperature |
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Term
Macroclimate - Arid/Desert Region |
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Definition
low humidity & greater temperature variation |
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Term
Macroclimate - Mountainous Region |
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Definition
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Term
Microclimate - Greatest sun rays |
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Definition
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Term
Microclimate - Winter Solstice! |
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Definition
least hours of sun and low sun angle |
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Term
Microclimate - Summer Solstice |
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Definition
most hours of sun and high sun angle |
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Term
Microclimate - Vernal/Autumnal Equinox |
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Definition
equal hours of sun and dark |
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Term
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Definition
area 24 mi. on a side defined by parallels/meridians & divided into 16 townships |
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Term
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Definition
area 6 miles on a side; divided into 36, 1-mile sections |
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Definition
1 mile square parcel of land containing 640 acres |
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Term
US Survey - Quarter Section |
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Definition
area 1/2 miles on each side |
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Term
Site Slope - flat area - good for all activities |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
Site Slope - steep - unusable |
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Definition
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Term
Site Slope - very steep, subject to erosion |
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Definition
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Term
Construction Slope - storm drains ! |
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Definition
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Term
Construction Slope - sanitary sewers! |
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Definition
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Term
Construction Slope - street surface drainage |
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Definition
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Term
Construction Slope - planted or large pavers |
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Definition
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Term
Construction Slope - lawns |
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Definition
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Term
Construction Slope - planted banks |
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Definition
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Term
Construction Slope - parking area/lot! |
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Definition
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Term
Construction Slope - automobile ramps |
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Definition
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Term
Construction Slope - sidewalks |
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Definition
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Term
Construction Slope - streets/paved driveways |
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Definition
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Term
Determining Land Value - Comparison Method |
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Definition
compared to other similar parcels (can be applied to all categories of use) and is the most accurate if current data is available. |
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Term
Determining Land Value - Development Method |
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Definition
when comparisons aren’t available, use estimates to determine the selling price of lot, cost to develop, time to develop, and net sale price |
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Term
Determining Land Value - Residual/Income Approach Method |
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Definition
used in highly developed areas by estimating potential income from improvements that yield the highest return (highest & best use) |
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Term
Determining Land Value - Allocation Method |
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Definition
used to determine value of improved properties by deducting the value of site improvements to get the value of the land. |
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Term
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Definition
well drained and able to bear loads (+2 mm) |
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Term
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Definition
well drained and can serve as foundation when graded (0.5 - 2 mm) |
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Term
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Definition
stable when dry, swells when frozen, do not use when wet (.002 - .05 mm) |
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Term
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Definition
must be removed, too stiff whe dry and too plastic when wet ( < .002 mm) |
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Term
Land Problems - Water within 6’-0” of land surface: |
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Definition
pump out excavation, waterproof basement, resist hydrostatic pressure (continuous drain pipe installed at foundation) |
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Term
Land Problems - Rock at/near surface of site: |
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Definition
use explosives to reduce manual labor |
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Term
Land Problems - Soil is soft clay, waterbearing sand or silt: |
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Definition
deeper foundations or drive piles, remove poor soil |
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Term
Land Problems - Underground streams |
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Definition
avoid and be cautious of siting of structure |
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Term
Land Problems - Cut and Fill |
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Definition
balance it. There shouldn’t be more taken away than added or vice versa |
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Term
Bearing Capacity - Bedrock |
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Definition
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Term
Bearing Capacity - Well graded gravel/sand |
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Definition
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Bearing Capacity - Compacted sand/fill |
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Definition
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Term
Bearing Capacity - Silt/Clay |
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Definition
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Term
Foundations - Spread Footing |
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Definition
Most economical…$ method. Delivers load directly to soil. Area of the footing = load/safe bearing capacity. |
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Term
Foundations - Mat Foundations |
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Definition
Very expensive…$$$ method. Typically it’s only used when the strata is weak, and it acts as one continuous foundation. |
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Term
Foundations - Belled Caissons |
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Definition
holes are drilled to firm strata and concrete poured. They’re basically really, really deep spread footings |
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Term
Foundations - Socketed Caissons |
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Definition
like Belled Caissons, but the hole is drilled deep into the strata. Bearing capacity comes from end baring and frictional forces |
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Term
Foundations - End Bearing Piles |
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Definition
2-3x cost of spread footings. Driven until tip meets firm resistance from strata |
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Term
Foundations - Friction Pile |
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Definition
Driven into softer soil. Friction transmits the load between pile and soil. bearing capacity is limited by whichever is weaker: the strength of the pile or the soil |
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