Shared Flashcard Set

Details

PPP 02
Existing Site/Environmental Conditions
71
Architecture
Professional
04/12/2016

Additional Architecture Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Catchment Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area
Definition
geographic area from which the
participants in an activity are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity.
Term
Proctor Compaction Test
Definition
Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically
achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
Term
Survey - Baseline
Definition
parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west layout of the US Survey system
Term
Survey - Standard Parallels
Definition
parallels between the baselines in the US Survey
Term
Survey - Principal Meridian
Definition
meridian (north-south line that follows longitude of earth) that serves as the basis for the north‐south grid layout of the US Survey
Term
Survey - Guide Meridian
Definition
meridians between the principal meridians
Term
Survey - Metes‐and‐bounds
Definition
verbal description of land that begins at a known point and describes the bearing and length of each side of the property until the point of the beginning is reached
Term
Topography - Contour interval
Definition
change in elevation between two contours. Smaller scaled maps typically have a larger interval for clarity.
Term
Topography - Crown/Ridge
Definition
contours point “down” toward the lower elevation
Term
Topography - Swale/Valley
Definition
contours point “up” towards the higher elevation
Term
Topography - Hills
Definition
concentric circles with elevations getting higher towards the center
Term
Topography - Depression
Definition
concentric circles with the elevations getting lower towards the center
Term
One Acre =
Definition
43,560 SQ FT
Term
Water - Swamp
Definition
wetland that features permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry‐land protrusions
Term
Water - Swale
Definition
an elongated depression in the land surface that is at least seasonally wet, is usually vegetated and is normally without flowing water.
Term
Water - Detention Pond
Definition
low lying area that is designed to temporarily hold a set amount of water while slowly draining to another location. They are more or less around for flood control when large amounts of rain could cause flash flooding if not dealt with properly
Term
Water - Retention Pond
Definition
designed to hold a specific amount of water indefinitely. Usually the pond is designed to have drainage leading to another location when the water level gets above the pond capacity, but still maintains a certain capacity
Term
Water - Riparian Rights
Definition
system of rights and duties that determine the reasonable use, duties, and allocations of water to owners of waterfront property (includes bottomland, beach, and upland, but not the water itself). Owners can use water adjacent to their property, but can’t infringe upon the rights of others to use the water.
Term
Water - Sheet Flow
Definition
water that flows across paved surfaces
Term
Energy - Albedo
Definition
how much radiant energy that is reflected by a surface where 0 is a flat black surface which absorbs all heat and 1 is a mirror (rate is listed as a fraction).
Term
Energy - Conductivity
Definition
the speed with which heat passes through a material. Metals are high, and soils/sand are low.
Term
Macroclimate
Definition
based on latitude, elevation, and proximity to water. Water reduces temperature extremes.
Term
Microclimate
Definition
based on solar radiation, the angle between the ground and altitude
Term
Macroclimate - Islands/Costal Region
Definition
constant & moderate temperature
Term
Macroclimate - Arid/Desert Region
Definition
low humidity & greater temperature variation
Term
Macroclimate - Mountainous Region
Definition
winds are forced to rise
Term
Microclimate - Greatest sun rays
Definition
perpendicular to ground
Term
Microclimate - Winter Solstice!
Definition
least hours of sun and low sun angle
Term
Microclimate - Summer Solstice
Definition
most hours of sun and high sun angle
Term
Microclimate - Vernal/Autumnal Equinox
Definition
equal hours of sun and dark
Term
US Survey - Check
Definition
area 24 mi. on a side defined by parallels/meridians & divided into 16 townships
Term
US Survey - Township
Definition
area 6 miles on a side; divided into 36, 1-mile sections
Term
US Survey - Section
Definition
1 mile square parcel of land containing 640 acres
Term
US Survey - Quarter Section
Definition
area 1/2 miles on each side
Term
Site Slope - flat area - good for all activities
Definition
<4%
Term
Site Slope - moderate
Definition
4 - 10%
Term
Site Slope - steep - unusable
Definition
10 - 50%
Term
Site Slope - very steep, subject to erosion
Definition
>50%
Term
Construction Slope - storm drains !
Definition
0.3% minimum
Term
Construction Slope - sanitary sewers!
Definition
0.4 - 1.4%
Term
Construction Slope - street surface drainage
Definition
0.5% minimum
Term
Construction Slope - planted or large pavers
Definition
1% minimum
Term
Construction Slope - lawns
Definition
25% max
Term
Construction Slope - planted banks
Definition
50% max
Term
Construction Slope - parking area/lot!
Definition
5% max
Term
Construction Slope - automobile ramps
Definition
8% max
Term
Construction Slope - sidewalks
Definition
10% max
Term
Construction Slope - streets/paved driveways
Definition
10% max
Term
Determining Land Value - Comparison Method
Definition
compared to other similar parcels (can be applied to all categories of use) and is the most accurate if current data is available.
Term
Determining Land Value - Development Method
Definition
when comparisons aren’t available, use estimates to determine the selling price of lot, cost to develop, time to develop, and net sale price
Term
Determining Land Value - Residual/Income Approach Method
Definition
used in highly developed areas by estimating potential income from improvements that yield the highest return (highest & best use)
Term
Determining Land Value - Allocation Method
Definition
used to determine value of improved properties by deducting the value of site improvements to get the value of the land.
Term
Soil Type - Gravel
Definition
well drained and able to bear loads (+2 mm)
Term
Soil Type - Sand
Definition
well drained and can serve as foundation when graded (0.5 - 2 mm)
Term
Soil Type - Silt
Definition
stable when dry, swells when frozen, do not use when wet (.002 - .05 mm)
Term
Soil Type - Clay
Definition
must be removed, too stiff whe dry and too plastic when wet ( < .002 mm)
Term
Land Problems - Water within 6’-0” of land surface:
Definition
pump out excavation, waterproof basement, resist hydrostatic pressure (continuous drain pipe installed at foundation)
Term
Land Problems - Rock at/near surface of site:
Definition
use explosives to reduce manual labor
Term
Land Problems - Soil is soft clay, waterbearing sand or silt:
Definition
deeper foundations or drive piles, remove poor soil
Term
Land Problems - Underground streams
Definition
avoid and be cautious of siting of structure
Term
Land Problems - Cut and Fill
Definition
balance it. There shouldn’t be more taken away than added or vice versa
Term
Bearing Capacity - Bedrock
Definition
10,000 psf
Term
Bearing Capacity - Well graded gravel/sand
Definition
3,000 - 12,000 psf
Term
Bearing Capacity - Compacted sand/fill
Definition
2,000 - 3,000 psf
Term
Bearing Capacity - Silt/Clay
Definition
1,000 - 4,000 psf
Term
Foundations - Spread Footing
Definition
Most economical…$ method. Delivers load directly to soil. Area of the footing = load/safe bearing capacity.
Term
Foundations - Mat Foundations
Definition
Very expensive…$$$ method. Typically it’s only used when the strata is weak, and it acts as one continuous foundation.
Term
Foundations - Belled Caissons
Definition
holes are drilled to firm strata and concrete poured. They’re basically really, really deep spread footings
Term
Foundations - Socketed Caissons
Definition
like Belled Caissons, but the hole is drilled deep into the strata. Bearing capacity comes from end baring and frictional forces
Term
Foundations - End Bearing Piles
Definition
2-3x cost of spread footings. Driven until tip meets firm resistance from strata
Term
Foundations - Friction Pile
Definition
Driven into softer soil. Friction transmits the load between pile and soil. bearing capacity is limited by whichever is weaker: the strength of the pile or the soil
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