Term
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Definition
| Use of a limited set of adjectives or adjective dimensions to describe and scale individuals |
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Term
| Myers-Briggs type indicator |
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Definition
| A widely used instrument that attempts to measure introversion and extroversion and several other subclassifications as defined by Carl Jung |
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Term
| Sensation-Intuition scale |
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Definition
| Subclassification of the Myers-Briggs indicator that reflects whether a person is more prone to realism or imagination |
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Definition
| subclassification of the Myers-Briggs type indicator that reflects whether a person is logical and objective or personal and subjective |
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Term
| Judgement-Perception scale |
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Definition
| subclassification of the Myers-Briggs type indicator that reflects whether a person is oriented toward evaluating or perceiving things |
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Definition
| The term used by R.B Cattell to describe data gathered from self-reports and questionnaires |
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Definition
| The term used by R.B Cattell to describe data gathered from placing a person in a controlled test situation and noting or rating responses |
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Definition
| The term used by R.B Cattell to describe data gathered about a person's life from school records or similar sources |
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Definition
| According to Gordon Allport, a generalized neuropsychic structure or core tendency that underlies behavior across time and situations |
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Definition
| Gordon Allport's concept that many behaviors of individuals are similar in their meaning because the individuals tend to view many situations and stimuli in the same way; For Allport, the trait is the internal structure that causes the regularity |
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Definition
| The term used by gordon Allport to decribe the organizing structures that people in a population share |
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Definition
| A term used by Gordon Allport the describe the idea that in adulthood many motives and tendencies become independent of their origins in childhood and that finding out where such tendencies originated is , therefore, not important |
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Term
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Definition
| Gordon Allport's term for the core of personality that defines who one is; Allport believed that the proprium has a biological counterpart |
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Term
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Definition
| Gordon Allport's term for describing personal dispositions in terms of a person's unqiue goals, motives, or styles |
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Term
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Definition
| A term used by Gordon Allport to describe a trait that is peculiar to an individual |
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Definition
| A term used by Gordon Allport to describe personal dispositions that exert an overwhelming influence on behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| A term used by Gordon Allport to describe the several personal dispositions around which personality is organized |
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Term
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Definition
| The trait approach to personality that is supported by a great deal of research and suggests personality can be captured in 5 dimensions: extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness |
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Term
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Definition
| The personality demension that includes enthusiasm, dominance, and sociability; people low on this dimension are considered introverted |
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Definition
| The personality dimension the includes friendliness, cooperation, and warmth; people low in this dimension are cold, quarrelsome, and unkind |
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Term
| Conscientiousness (Big 5) |
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Definition
| The personality dimension that includes dependability, cautiousness, organization, and responsibility; people low in this dimension are impulsive, careless, disorderly, and undependable |
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Term
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Definition
| The personality dimension that includes nervousness, tension, and anxiety; people low in this dimension are emotionally stable, calm, and contented |
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Definition
| The personality dimension that includes imagination, wit, originality, and creativity; people low on this dimension are shallow, plain, and simple |
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Term
| Implicit personality theory |
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Definition
| A type of biasing tendency for people, perhaps erroneously, to certain traits as going together to perceive consistencies when viewing the personalities of others |
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Term
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Definition
| Within the big 5 trait approach, the component characteristics (also sometimes called subfactors) that underlie each of the big 5 factors |
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Term
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Definition
| In Hans Eysenck's biolocially based theory, the term is used to describe the characteristic of being generally sociable, active, and outgoing; extroverts are thought to have a relatively lower level of brain arousal and thus tend to seek stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| One of Hans Eysenck's 3 biologically-oriented personality dimensions; it includes emotional instability and apprehensiveness |
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Term
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Definition
| This dimension includes a tendency toward psychopathology, involving impulsivity and cruelty, tough-mindedness, and shrewdness |
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Term
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Definition
| Observation and judgement of someone with whom one has never interacted |
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Definition
| A theoretical approach to personality in which people are divided into discrete categories or classes as opposed to being placed along a continuum |
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Definition
| Internal psychobiological forces that induce behavior towards a goal or push for expression |
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Definition
| Term used by Henry Murray to describe a readiness to respond in a certain way under given conditions |
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Term
| Need for achievement (n Ach) |
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Definition
| According the Henry Murray, the need to succeed on tasks that are set out by society |
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Term
| Need for affiliation (n Aff) |
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Definition
| According to Henry Murray, the need to draw near to and win the affection of others |
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Term
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Definition
| According to Henry Murray, the need to seek position and offices in which one can exert control over others |
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Term
| Need for exhibition (n Exh) |
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Definition
| According to Henry Murray, the need to show one's self before others to entertain, amuse, shock, and excite others |
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Term
Trait aspects of personality:
quick analogy |
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Definition
| humans as clusters of temperaments and traits |
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Term
Trait aspects of personality:
Advantages |
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Definition
-simplifies personality to a small number of basic dimensions
-looks for a deeper consistency underlying surface variations in behavior
-good individual assessment techniques
-allows for comparisons to be made between individuals
-uses both lab and field studies, theoretical and applied |
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Term
Trait aspects of personality:
Limits |
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Definition
-May reach too far in trying to capture the individual in a few ways
-may label people on the basis of test scores
-sometimes underestimates variability across situations
-may be biased my implicit personality theories
-difficult to determine the # of reliable personality dimensions
-may underestimate the influence of unconscious motives and early experience |
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Term
Trait aspects of personality:
view of free will |
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Definition
| Allows for free will at the margins, after predispositions and motives exert their influence |
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Term
Trait aspects of personality:
Common assessment techniques |
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Definition
| Factor analysis, self-reports, testing of styles, document analysis, behavior observation, interviews |
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Term
| According to hippocrates, what are the 4 bodily humors and what temperaments do they represent? |
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Definition
-Sanguine: blood-hopeful & cheerful
-Melancholic: black bile- sad and depressive
-Choleric: Yellow bile- angry and irascible
-phlegmatic: phlegm- slow and apathetic |
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Term
| What are the four scales on the Myers-Briggs type indicator? |
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Definition
*Introversion-extroversion scale
*Sensation-intuition scale
*Thinking-feeling scale
*Judgement-perception scale |
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Term
| What is factor analysis? Who used it? and what did they use it for? |
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Definition
-A statistical technique for summarizing correlation coefficients by summarizing these relations in a small number of dimensions. By taking into account the overlap (shared variance) factor analysis mathematically consolidates information.
Raymond B. Cattell used it to organize adjectives into categories of traits |
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Term
| Give me an example of someone with a cardinal disposition |
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Definition
-Hitler's obsession w/ power
-MLK's devotion to justice
-A social climber who spends life trying to climb the social ladder |
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Term
| What does cross-cultural research find about the big 5 approach to personality? |
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Definition
| cross-cultural confirms the existence of 5 or so dimensions; some studies in non english-speaking cultures find evidence for a spirituality dimension or an honest-humility dimension that includes sincerity, fairness, modesty, and greed avoidance |
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Term
| People who sit higher, stand taller, talk louder, have more expansive gestures, interrupt you more, and are likely to invade the space of others have what type of explanatory style? |
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Definition
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Term
| Eysenck's dimension of neuroticism combines Cattell's factors of ___ and ___ |
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Definition
| emotional instability & oppressiveness |
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