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| What group are synapsids? |
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| What epoch did most mammal orders arise? |
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| What are some anatomical trends that led to mammals? |
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Definition
-Enlarged temporal opening
-Enlargement of dentary bone, and reduction of other jaw bones (becoming part of middle ear)
-Formation of secondary palate-more efficient airflow
---chew & breath at same time
----help with suckling
-Heterodont dentition-improved chewing
-Two occipital condyles-improved control of head movements
-Limbs rotated 90 degrees from splayed reptilian stance, plus other pectoral & pelvic girdle changes-move with less energy expenditure
-Loss of cervical and lumbar ribs, reduction of thoracic ribs-more flexibility in movement |
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| Characteristics of Modern Mammals [6] |
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1) Hair-most obvious, several types make up the pelage (coat)
2) Enucleated blood cells
3) Mammary glands
4) Muscular diaphragm
5) Placenta in Therians (more poorly developed in Metatherians vs. Eutherians)
6) Dentition |
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| What do open-rooted teeth do? |
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| Most teeth are ______ rooted |
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| Where is cementum in a tooth? |
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| It covers the roots and is deposited like the rings of a tree |
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| Edentulates have how many permanent teeth? |
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| Tooth that fits these characteristics: cut, gnaw, single root, modified in some |
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| Tooth that fits these characteristics: never more than one pair in modern mammals, enlarged and elongated in carnivores |
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| Tooth that fits these characteristics: more complex than anterior teeth, two roots, may be unicuspid, usually smaller than molars, have deciduous counterparts (milk teeth) |
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| Tooth that fits these characteristics: multicusps, three roots, no milk teeth, grind food--tend to be the most specialized (cusp patterns) |
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