Term
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Definition
i. Helical, enveloped
ii. ds linear DNA
iii. Largest virus (200-300nm)
iv. Core containing DNA surrounded by 2 lateral bodies
v. DNA virus that replicates in cytoplasm
vi. Poxviridae family |
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Term
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Definition
ii. Rapid adsorption to receptors
iii. Endocytosis
1. First uncoating is removal of outer membrane
2. Second uncoating is partial removal of core membranes and proteins
iv. Leads to activation of viral DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
v. Transcripts are translated into virus-coded enzymes which further degrade core proteins and release naked viral DNA
vi. Early transcription continues leading to synthesis of viral DNA polymerase
vii. Late functions begin with DNA replication
viii. Synthesis of structural proteins
ix. Host protein synthesis is inhibited by viral protein
x. Assembly in the cytoplasm
xi. Acquires envelope membrane in the cytoplasm, probably from golgi. |
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Term
| Explain the clinical features of smallpox, including the spread, symptoms, and complications. |
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Definition
a. Infection by inhalation
b. Virus replicates in upper respiratory tract epithelial cells
c. Spread to regional lymph nodes
d. Go all over body…skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs
e. Fever and malaise precede lesions
f. Vesicles appear on face, arms, and lower extremities
g. Complications: keratitis, encephalitis, pneumonia, bacterial superinfections |
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Term
| How and when is the smallpox vaccine administered and what are the pros and cons? |
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Definition
a. Intradermal injection that occurs at the age of 1 and should be repeated every 10 years.
b. Can lead to generalized vaccinia, vesicles form over the entire body
c. Can get encephalitis which carries 40% fatality
d. Vaccinia can be progressive, especially in immunocompromised patients. This carries a 50% mortality rate.
e. If pregnant, the fetus can die. |
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Term
| How does a clinician diagnose and treat smallpox. |
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Definition
a. Diagnosis: Serology, clinical picture
b. Treatment: Methiszaone (Marboran), reduces severity, must be given soon after infection |
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Term
| What are the different strains of smallpox and how do they differ? |
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Definition
a. Ortopoxviruses:
i. Variola major: Smallpox with 3-40% fatality
ii. Variola minor: Smallpox with 1% fatality
iii. Cowpox: mild lesions on hand
iv. Monkeypox: similar to smallpox, but less severe.
1. Cases have shown up recently, including 12 cases in Wisconsin, Indiana, and Illinois in 2003.
2. Mainly human to human transmission but can be transmitted through animal bites. |
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Term
| Describe the related parapoxviruses. |
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Definition
b. Parapoxviruses:
i. Orf: Natural infection in sheep and goats
1. Human infection by contact…usually single lesion which spontaneously regresses
ii. Pseudocowpox:
1. Milkers nodules found on the hands of those who milk cows |
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Term
| What related smallpox virus creates a cutaneous pearl like lesion that spontaneously regresses? |
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Definition
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