Term
|
Definition
1. Wing digit 1
2. Wing digit 2
3. Wing digit 3
4. Carpals
5. Radius
6. Ulna
7. Humerus
8. Scapula
9. Thoracic vertebrae
10. Femur
11. Ilium
12. Synsacrum
13. Pygostyle
14. Ischium
15. Pubis
16. Fibula
17. Tibiotarsus
18. Tarsometatarsus
19. Four foot digits
20. Patella
21. Carina of sternum
22. Furcula of 2 clavicles
23. Coracoid
24. Cervical vertebrae |
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Term
| Are the vertebrae in poultry fused or relatively mobile? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many occipital condyles do poultry have? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the atlas unique in poultry? |
|
Definition
| has a large odontoid process that projects anteriorly |
|
|
Term
| Of the 7 thoracic vertebrae, how many are fused? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
a fused length of the vertebral column
(thoracic vertebra 7, 14 lumbo-sacral & 1st caudal) |
|
|
Term
| When does fusion of the vertebral column occur? |
|
Definition
| many weeks after hatching |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the three-sided pyramidal bone formed by the last caudal vertebrae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are the caudal vertebrae primarily fused or mobile? |
|
Definition
| aside from the first, all are mobile |
|
|
Term
True or False
Poultry do not have costal cartilage |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the process that overlaps each rib? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure increases the area of attachment for flight muscles? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
1. Glenoid
2. Scapula
3. Coracoid
4. Clavicle
7. Sternum |
|
|
Term
| What bones are distal to the humerus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are the carpals, metacarpals and digits modified to form wings? |
|
Definition
| -greatly reduced to form a stiff anchorage for primary flight feathers |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 digits of the wing equivalent to in other animals? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the wing articulate with the body? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What three bones converge at the glenoid cavity? |
|
Definition
| scapula, coracoid & clavicle |
|
|
Term
| How is the coracoid in birds different from in mammals? |
|
Definition
| separate bone in birds, is an integral part of scapula in mammals |
|
|
Term
| What is the proper term for the wish bone, and of which bones is it made? |
|
Definition
| the left & right clavicle fuse to form the furcula |
|
|
Term
| Why don't pigs, sheep and cattle need clavicles? |
|
Definition
| they have restricted movement in the limb/shoulder joint |
|
|
Term
| Which end of the coracoid is braced against the sternum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. digit
2. digit
3. digit
4. carpometacarpus
5. radius
6. ulna
7. humerus |
|
|
Term
| What bones are immediately distal to the femur? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Why do birds have a greatly reduced fibula? |
|
Definition
| differential growth in the embryo (distal part of fibula becomes part of the tibia) |
|
|
Term
| What is the tibiotarsus comprised of? |
|
Definition
| fibula, tibia, proximal tarsal bones |
|
|
Term
| What is the tarsometatarsus comprised of? |
|
Definition
| fused metatarsals 2, 3 & 4 |
|
|
Term
| Describe the positioning of digits in birds? What is the significance? |
|
Definition
Digit 1 is posterior
Digits 2, 3, & 4 are anterior
-enables the bird to perch |
|
|
Term
| Are the pubic bones fused or separate in birds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To what bone does the ilium fuse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of the open structure of the pelvis? |
|
Definition
| facilitates passage of eggs from the body cavity |
|
|
Term
| Describe the floor of the acetabulum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bones form the structure of the acetabulum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Digits 1, 2, 3 & 4
5. Tarsometatarsus
6. Tibiotarsis
7. Fibula
8. Femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Obturator foramen
2. Acetabulum
3. Sciatic foramen
4. Ilium
5. Ischium
6. Pubis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. Clavicle
2. Minor head of supracoracoideus
3. Coracoid
4. Posterior coracobrachialis
5. Sternum
6. Pectoralis
7.Supracoracoideus |
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|
Term
| What muscle is the origin of the major power stroke of the wing? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What muscle is found between the pectoralis and the sternum? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What muscle is used to raise the wing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What allows the supracoracoideus to raise the wing, despite being adjacent to the pectoralis, which lowers it? |
|
Definition
| the tendon is inserted onto the opposite side of the humerus to the tendon of the pectoralis |
|
|
Term
| What are the largest muscles of the body in poultry? |
|
Definition
| pectoralis (8% of body weight!) |
|
|
Term
| What region of the sternum allows for attachment of the pectoralis? |
|
Definition
| the zone around the supracoracoideus muscle |
|
|
Term
| Where does most of the pectoralis originate from? |
|
Definition
| the furcula & a membrane that stretches between the furcula and coracoid |
|
|
Term
| Describe the continuation of the main tendon of the pectoralis muscle |
|
Definition
| continued intramuscularly as a layer of connective tissue that divides the muscle into two heads |
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