Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| roof of mouth (ridges to help manipulate food. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Salivary Gland
Sub-lingual |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Contraction of smooth muscle in a wave- like formation to help move food down the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| Contractions of smooth muscle in segments at the same time to mix content together in the Gastrointestinal tract. |
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Term
| What passes through the three holes in the diaphragm? |
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Definition
| aorta, vena cava, esophogus |
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Term
| Four main parts of the stomach: |
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Definition
| Cardia, Fundus, Body, Pylorus |
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Term
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Definition
| stretch out when stomach expands and fold when stomach is empty |
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Term
| Foue parts of the small intestine: |
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Definition
| Duodenuam, Jejunum, Illeum, Mesentary |
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Term
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Definition
| stomach empties into, small/straight beginning of the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| End part that connect to the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| Thin sheet of fat connective tissue which hold the intestines together and keep it from tangling. |
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Term
| Three parts of the large intestine: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pouch attached to colon and ileum |
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Term
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Definition
| Bulk of Large Intestine (ascending colon, transverse colon, and colon |
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Term
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Definition
| connects the large intestine to the anus |
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Term
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Definition
| thin membrane lining abdominal cavity (lines every organ) |
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Term
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Definition
| Big fatty flap of peroteneum |
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Term
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Definition
| Uncontentious always closed |
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Term
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Definition
| Conscious (defecate when choose to) |
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Term
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Definition
Pulp cavity - deepest layer of the tooth
Dentin - surrounds pulp cavity
Cementum - surrounds root of tooth
Enamel - covers crown of tooth (hard) |
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Term
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Definition
| Incisor, Canine, Premolar, Molar |
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Term
| Five nutrients the Small Intestine absorbs: |
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Definition
| Protein, Fats, Carbohydrates, Vitamins, Minerals |
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Term
| Two things absorbed in the Large Intestine: |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the Villi in the large intestine? |
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Definition
| long extensions off of call membrane, increases surface ares for absorption. |
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Term
| Parietal cells in the stomach: |
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Definition
| primary source of hydrochloric acid to break down proteins |
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Term
| Mucous cell in the stomach: |
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Definition
| produces mucous so acid wont burn stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| release gastrin to stimulate chief cells to release pepsinogen and parietal cells to release HCL |
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Term
| Three Pancreatic Enzymes: |
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Definition
| Amylase(carbohydrates), Lipase(fats), Peptides(proteins) |
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Term
| Three functions of the liver: |
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Definition
- bile production
- metabolism of nutrients
- filter blood from GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
| Portal Vein -> hepatic lobules -> sinusoids -> Central veins -> Hepatic vein |
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Term
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Definition
| Bile duct -> gall bladder -> common bile duct -> duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| digestive enzymes secreted in to duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| releases insulin, glucagon, and gastrin into the blood stream |
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Term
Ruminant Digestion
Regurgitate and chew cud to: |
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Definition
| mix ingesta, regulate ingesta, burp (CO2 methane), bacterial fermentation, digestion of cellulpose(plant materials) |
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Term
Ruminant Digestion
Four parts of the ruminant stomach: |
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Definition
| Reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum |
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Term
Equine Digestion
What does the horse use instead of a rumen? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| waste excretion, homeostasis: water, electrolytes, blood pressure at the right level, and hormone production |
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Term
| External Anatomy of the Kidney: |
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Definition
| Hilus, renal vein, renal artery, and ureter |
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Term
| Internal Anatomy of the Kidney: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| functional unit of the Kidney |
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Term
| Blood pressure forces plasma from _______ to ______. |
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Definition
| glomerulus, Bowman's space |
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Term
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Definition
| potassium, sodium and chloride, sodium and water, sodium and amino acids, and glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| connect kidney to bladder |
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Term
| Special lining of the bladder whose cells can stretch |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
long, narrow, curved.
through prostate.
carries urine and semen |
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Term
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Definition
| Short and wide. empties into vestibule |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| enclosed by vaginal tunics, contains ductus defferens, testicular artery and vein |
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Term
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Definition
| complicated vein network to cool the testicle while the testicular artery warm them. |
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Term
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Definition
| splits from spermatic cord, enters urethra caudal to bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| found in dog, horse, and ox |
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Term
Accessory Glands:
Seminal Vesicale |
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Definition
found in horse and ox.
Connect gland to urethra |
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Term
Accessory Glands:
Prostate |
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Definition
found in all animal.
surround urethre and ducts defference goes through gland to enter urethra |
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Term
Accessory Glands:
Bulbourethral gland |
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Definition
| Found in Horse, cat, and ox |
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Term
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Definition
Root- starts at the back end of the pelvis
Body - the bulk
Gland - the tip
Prepuce - fold of skin penis is inside for protection |
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Term
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Definition
| Spongy connective tissue with sinuses |
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Term
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Definition
| Sigmoid flexture: muscle used to retract penis to "S" shape |
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Term
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Definition
| Bulb enlarges once in vagina, ("tied") |
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Term
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Definition
| Quick mating, female screams |
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Term
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Definition
| Urethral Process - extension of urethra |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Functions of the female Reproduction system: |
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Definition
| produce ova and hormones, house/ support fetus until birth, nurse newborns |
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Term
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Definition
| produce hormones estrogen and progestrone |
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Term
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Definition
| where fertilization occurs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| muscular valve that opens only during estrus and birth |
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Term
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Definition
| Urethra open on ventral surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Receives penis, birth canal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ovulation, mature follice, etsrogen rises and behavior changes |
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Term
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Definition
| Follicle develops a corpus luteum |
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Term
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Definition
| Corpus Luteum is active, progestron rises |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| one ovum per estrous cycle (horse cow) |
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Term
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Definition
| more then one ovum per estrous cycle (cat, dog) |
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Term
Ovulation:
induced ovulation |
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Definition
| ovulate when penetrated (cats, rabbits) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
intro mission
thrusting
ejaculation of semen |
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Term
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Definition
1. swim to oviducts
2. uterus and oviducts contract to push them along
3. cilia on the lining of the oviduct help them too
4. Fertilization in the oviduct |
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Term
| Fertilization (capacitation) |
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Definition
| Acrosomes release lysosomes to change the ovum membrane after one sperm enters to ensure no others can |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cell divides several times |
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Term
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Definition
| Embryo attaches to wall of uterus and a placenta develops around the embryo |
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Term
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Definition
| nutrient supply and waste removal |
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Term
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Definition
| Links fetus to placenta containing the umbilical artery and vein |
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Term
Uterus Classification:
Diffuse |
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Definition
| attaches to uterus all around (horse) |
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Term
Uterus Classification:
Catyledonary |
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Definition
| Spots attached to the uterus (ruminant) |
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Term
Uterus Classification:
Zonary |
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Definition
| Attaches by one band (dog and cat) |
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Term
Uterus Classifications by the number of cells between the mother and fetus:
cow pig horse |
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Definition
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Term
Uterus Classifications by the number of cells between the mother and fetus:
dog cat |
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Definition
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Term
Uterus Classifications by the number of cells between the mother and fetus:
human rodent |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Embryo, Fetus development, fetal growth |
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Term
Pregnancy Hormones:
Progestrone |
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Definition
| Prevents uterus from contracting |
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Term
Pregnancy Hormones:
Estrogen |
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Definition
| increases uterine contractions, mammary development |
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Term
Pregnancy Hormones:
Oxytocin |
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Definition
| uterine contractions, milk letdown |
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Term
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Definition
Cortisol rises in fetus once mature
corpus luteum begins to break down
progestron decreases estrogen rises |
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Term
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Definition
behavior changes
cervical dilation |
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Term
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Definition
uterine contraction
amniotic sac breaks
delivery of fetus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| specialized skin glands for nourishment of the young |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid produced for the first few days of lactation filled with protein, mineral, and vitamines |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| directly connected to the brain (anterior and posterior) |
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Term
Posterior Pituitary Hormones:
ADH |
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Definition
response to dehydration
increase water resorption in kidney |
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Term
Posterior Pituitary Hormones:
Oxytocin |
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Definition
milk let down
uterine contractions |
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Term
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Definition
| makes its own hormones, released when stimulated by brain |
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Term
Thyroid Gland Hormones:
Calcitonin |
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Definition
| increases calcium deposition in bone |
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Term
Thyroid Gland Hormones:
Thyroid Hormone |
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Definition
Drives metabolic rate
promotes growth
maintains body temp
stimulates heart rate
metabolism |
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Term
Parathyroid Gland Hormones:
Parathyroid Hormone |
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Definition
increases calcium in the blood
GI adsorption -> renal resorption -> release from bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| under nervous system control, releases epinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
| stops your GI tract when running, sweat, heart rate goes up |
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Term
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Definition
alpha cells release glucogon
Beta cells release insulin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
affects nutrient metabolism for growth
(protein synthesis, fat breakdown, blood glucose increases) |
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Term
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Definition
| increases blood glucose, increases synthesis |
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Term
Gonadotrophins Hormones: Male
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) |
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Definition
| spermatogenesis (creates sperm) |
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Term
Gonadotrophins Hormones: Male
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) |
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Definition
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Term
Gonadotrophins Hormones: Male
Prolactin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| crainial nerve spinal nerves |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
involuntary muscles
glands |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| excitatory or in hibitory |
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Term
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Definition
centers of higher intelligence
(learning communication, memory) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Center of balance and coordination and proprioception |
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Term
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Definition
| sense where body parts are in space and in relation to each other |
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Term
Autonomic Nervous System:
Sypathetic |
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Definition
Fight or flight
open ariways
dialate pupils
muscle use
skeletal muscle
viscera
epinephrine release |
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Term
Autonomic Nervous System:
Parasypathetic |
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Definition
Rest and restore
constrict air ways
constrict pupil
increase GI activiy |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Fibrous & Vascular (light focusing), and nervous (light sensing) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| no pigment, aids in low light vision |
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Term
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Definition
muscle attached to lens
produces aqueous humor |
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Term
Nervous layer:
Photoreceptors |
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Definition
| convert light to nerve impulse |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| fluid aqueous humor (watery) |
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Term
|
Definition
| vitreous humor (gel-like) |
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Term
Field of vision:
binocular |
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Definition
| eyes in front of head (hunter) |
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Term
Field of vision:
Monocular |
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Definition
| eye son side of head (prey) |
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Term
|
Definition
| covers eye inside the eyelid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
3rd eye lid
Tarsal gland of 3rd eye lid produce tears |
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Term
|
Definition
| retract eye and pull back |
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Term
Lacrimal System (Tears)
Corneal |
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Definition
| Protection, nutrition, moisture |
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Term
Lacrimal System (Tears)
Tear producing glands |
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Definition
lacrimal gland
tarsal gland
conjunctiva |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
ear flap
elastic cartilage
mobile |
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Term
|
Definition
base of pinna to ear drum
"L" Shape |
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Term
| Tympanic Membrane (ear drum) |
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Definition
paper thin membrane
vibrates to trasnmit sound |
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Term
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Definition
| middle ear, houses ossicles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Passage from middle ear to nasal larynx
allows air out of middle ear to equalize pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| three loops at right angles to one another for balance |
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Term
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Definition
| Sound Wave -> tympanum Vibrates -> Ossicle Vibrate -> perilymph vibrates -> hair cells |
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Term
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Definition
| bony labryrinth filled with fluid called perilymph |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical receptors in nasal passage |
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Term
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Definition
| detects pheromones for communication. Flehmen response (open mouth smelling) |
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