Term
| What are the different portions of the central tendon of the diaphragm? |
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Definition
| Sternal (xiphoid process), costal, lumbar |
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Term
| What are the divisions of the lumbar portion of the central tendon? |
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Definition
| Median arcuate, medial arcuate, lateral arcuate |
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Term
| Which arcuate ligament unites the left and right crura? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which arcuate ligament acts as a thickening layer of thoracolumbar fascia over psoas major? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which arcuate ligament acts as a thickening of thoracolumbar fascia over quadratus lumborum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is transmitted through the aortic hiatus? |
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Definition
| Aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein, occasionally intercostal lymphatic trunks |
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Term
| True or false: The aortic hiatus pierces the diaphragm |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What verterbral level is the aortic hiatus located? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what vertebral level is the esophageal hiatus located as a muscular part of the diaphragm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is transmitted through the esophageal hiatus? |
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Definition
| Esophagus, esophageal branches of left gastric artery/vein, anterior and posterior vagal trunks, some lymphatic vessels |
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Term
| The vena caval foramen is an opening in what? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what vertebral level is the vena caval foramen located? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is transmitted through the vena caval foramen? |
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Definition
| Inferior vena cava, right phrenic nerve, lymphatic vessels |
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Term
| The sternocostal hiatus is an interval between what structures? |
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Definition
| Adjacent sternal and costal muscular fasciculi |
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Term
| What is transmitted through the sternocostal hiatus? |
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Definition
| Lymphatic channels from the convex surface of the liver to the anterior phrenic nodes, superior epigastric artery |
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Term
| What pierces the crura of the diaphragm? |
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Definition
| Greater and lesser thoracic splanchnic nerves |
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Term
| What branches of the internal thoracic artery supply the diaphragm? |
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Definition
| Pericardiacophrenic and musculophrenic branches |
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Term
| What branches of the thoracic and abdominal aorta supply the diaphragm? |
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Definition
| Superior phrenic and inferior phrenic respectively |
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Term
| Pericardiacophrenic and musculophrenic tributaries drain blood from the diaphragm to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The right and left inferior phrenic veins drain blood from the diaphragm to what? |
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Definition
| Inferior vena cava and left suprarenal vein respectively |
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Term
| True or false: Superior and inferior lymphatics of the diaphragm communicate freely |
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Definition
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Term
| What innervates the diaphragm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the roots of the phrenic nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| While the phrenic nerve provides sensory perception to the central part of the diaphragm, what allows for sensation of the diaphragms peripheral portions? |
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Definition
| Lower six intercostal and subcostal nerves (T5-12) |
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Term
| Congenital diaphragmatic hernias result due to what developmental abnormality? |
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Definition
| Failure of pleuroperitoneal membranes to close |
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Term
| What are the consequences of congenital diaphragmatic hernias? |
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Definition
| Pulmonary hypolasia at birth, respiratory distress, cyanosis, herniation is usually left sided (bilateral is fatal) |
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Term
| Which form of congenital diaphragmatic hernia is posterolateral, left sided, and through the pleuroperitoneal canal (foramen of Bochdalek) |
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Definition
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Term
| Which form of congenital diaphragmatic hernia is anterior, right sided, and through the sternocostal hiatus? |
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Definition
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Term
| A congenital diaphragmatic hernia through the esophageal hiatus is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the origin and insertion of the psoas major? |
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Definition
| T12-L5, lesser trochanter of femur |
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Term
| What innervates the psoas major? |
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Definition
| Nerve to psoas major from lumbar plexus |
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Term
| The psoas minor is often absent and mistaken for what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the origin and insertion of quadratus lumborum? |
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Definition
Origin: iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest, tip of L5
Insertion: 12th ribs, tip of L1-4 |
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Term
| The psoas major is related superiorly to what ligament? |
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Definition
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Term
| The quadratus lumborum is related superiorly to what ligament? |
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Definition
| Lateral arcuate ligament? |
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|
Term
| What is the action of the quadratus lumborum? |
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Definition
| Fixes/depresses 12th ribs during respiration, flexes trunk laterally |
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Term
| What innervates the quadratus lumborum? |
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Definition
| Nerve to quadratus lumborum (lumbar plexus) |
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Term
| What is the action of the transversus abdominis? |
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Definition
| Compresses abdominal contents |
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Term
| What is the nerve supply to the transversus abdominis? |
|
Definition
| Lower 6 thoracic, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerves |
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Term
| What is the origin and insertion of the iliacus? |
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Definition
| Iliac fossa and lesser trochanter of the femur |
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Term
| What supplies innervation to the iliacus? |
|
Definition
| Femeral nerve from lumbar plexus |
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Term
| Where does the abdominal aorta begin and where does it terminate? |
|
Definition
| T12 at aortic hiatus, terminates at L4 as it divides into left and right common iliac |
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Term
| Where does the inferior vena cava begin and where does it terminate? |
|
Definition
| Begins at L5 behind right common iliac artery, terminates at T8 when it pierces the diaphragm and joins the right atrium |
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Term
| Which lymph nodes drain the GI? Where is it located? |
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Definition
| Per-aortic nodes around celiac trunk, superior/inferior mesenteric arteries |
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Term
| Which lymph nodes drain the urogenital system? |
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Definition
| Para-aortic (lateral) nodes |
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Term
| What drains lymph from the interstitial and lumbar trunks? Where is it located? |
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Definition
| Cisternal chyli in front of L1-2, start of thoracic duct |
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Term
| What are the roots of the lumbar plexus? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the roots of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the roots of the genitofemoral nerve? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the roots of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the roots of the femoral and obturator nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are sympathetic pre-vertebral ganglia of the abdomen and where are they located? |
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Definition
| Celiac (around celiac trunk), intermesenteric (between superior mesenteric artery and aortic bifurcation), superior hypogastric (at aortic bifurcation) |
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Term
| What are the parasympathetic nerves within the abdomen? |
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Definition
| Vagus (CNX) and pelvic splanchnics (S2-4) |
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