Term
What was the German economy like in the 1920s and why? |
|
Definition
| Horrible, it suffered from hyperinflation and people were desperate. |
|
|
Term
What was the US economy like in the 1930s? |
|
Definition
| Horrible, it was the Great Depression, lots of Unemployment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A gov. that emphasizes loyalty to a leader, promises of good times ahead, lots of nationalism, militaristic. |
|
|
Term
What three major countries were fascist prior by WWII? |
|
Definition
| Italy, Germany, Spain, Japan |
|
|
Term
| What were the six major things the Nazis believed in? |
|
Definition
-A strong Germany with all the German-speaking people in it
-The fuhrer as the leader
-lebensraum "living space"
-Jews and Communists were enemies
-Autarky "Germany should be self-sufficient"
-Social Darwinism ("Aryan" race should be superior) |
|
|
Term
In the 1930s, how were the USSR and Nazi Germany similar? |
|
Definition
| Both had a worshipped leader, both had secret police, both were totaltarian, both wanted "new man," both against pacifism and also democracies |
|
|
Term
What was Hitler Youth about? |
|
Definition
| It was like a summer camp for the youth of Germany, and it was very successful as a propaganda tool. |
|
|
Term
Why was Ethiopia important before 1935? |
|
Definition
| It was the only major African country not colonized by a European country. In 1935 Italy conquered it. |
|
|
Term
Who fought in the Spanish Civil War, and who won? |
|
Definition
| The Nationalists (fascists) and the Republicans (liberals with some communists); the Nationalists won. |
|
|
Term
What excuse did the Nazis use for taking over parts of Europe in the late 1930s? |
|
Definition
| Germany was entitled to have all German-speaking people in it. |
|
|
Term
What did Hitler do that was good for Germany? |
|
Definition
| Stabilized economy, built lots infrastructure including roads, restored pride after losing WWI, 1936 Olympics were best ever. |
|
|
Term
What are the top two things that communism attempts to do? |
|
Definition
-Make a classless society
-Abolish all private property |
|
|
Term
According to communist theory, what is the final class struggle before a worldwide revolution? |
|
Definition
| It will be between workers and owners (proletariats vs. capitalists). |
|
|
Term
How did early communists feel about countries? |
|
Definition
| That countries will no longer exist after the successful worker worldwide revolution. |
|
|
Term
What do anarchists believe? |
|
Definition
| That the world would be better 0ff without governments. |
|
|
Term
| What were three ways that anarchists differed from communists around the year 1900? |
|
Definition
| Anarchists sae potential converts in the unemployed and peasantry, communists saw industrial workers as top converts; anarchists rejected a transitional stage and wanted to act immediately while communists thought a transitional stage would be necessary and wanted to wait for capitalism to collapse into a worker revolution. |
|
|
Term
Why did WWI hurt the communist movement? |
|
Definition
| Communists hoped that a class war would develop, instead nationalism proved to be far more powerful. |
|
|
Term
What powers did the Tsar have in Imperial Russia? |
|
Definition
| Head of all political matters, head of church; extremely powerful monarch ("autocracy") |
|
|
Term
What was "the lag" and what were some examples of this in Imperial Russia? |
|
Definition
| "the lag" = Russia had a long history of trailing other European countries technologically and culturally. Serfdom abolished only in 1861, still had old-school monarch, lost Crimean War in 1850s and Russo-Japanese war in early 1900s, vast majority of Russians were illiterate and peasants. |
|
|
Term
How were Tsar Alexander II and Tsar Alexander III different? |
|
Definition
| Alexander II was more liberal (freed the serfs), Alexander III put a stop to any reforms, also had a secret police. |
|
|
Term
| What made the Bolsheviks different than the Mensheviks? |
|
Definition
| Bolsheviks thought that revolution would have to be forced to start by full-time revolutionaries. |
|
|
Term
Why wasn't Russia considered an ideal place for the communist worldwide revolution to begin? |
|
Definition
| Russia was not industrialized enough with capitalists vs. proletariats. |
|
|
Term
What was the February Revolution about? |
|
Definition
| Nicholas II, the Tsar of Russia, stepped down from power and a provisional government took over |
|
|
Term
What was the October Revolution about? |
|
Definition
| The Bolsheviks (communists) took over Russia's government |
|
|
Term
What was the Russian Civil War about? |
|
Definition
| It was a civil war in Russia between the Reds (communists) and the Whites (anti-communists). The Reds won and Russia became the Soviet Union, (or USSR) and the world's first communist country as a result. |
|
|
Term
What was Comintern about, and to what extent was it successful? |
|
Definition
| A spy ring that tried to spread communism worldwide. China eventually became communist (it's communist party was set up with Comintern help) and some other countries, but a worldwide revolution never happened. |
|
|
Term
What were some good things that communism gave the people in the USSR (at least in theory)? |
|
Definition
| Free education, free health care, sexism and racism gone, free services for all. |
|
|
Term
What class of people had the highest standard of living in the USSR? |
|
Definition
| The government bureaucrats (nomenklatura). |
|
|
Term
How was the USSR's economy in the 1920s? |
|
Definition
| A disaster, Mismanagement, famine, people feared secret police, millions died. |
|
|
Term
When Stalin took power, how had the idea of global revolution changed? |
|
Definition
| It was not seen as possible at the moment; the best thing would be for the USSR to bide time and grow. |
|
|
Term
What was Stalin's (first) Five Year Plan about? |
|
Definition
| Command economy, goal was to industrialize the USSR at all costs and improve standard of living. Standard of living went down significantly but industrialization did occur. |
|
|
Term
How did Stalin change agriculture in the USSR? |
|
Definition
| Agriculture became a collective enterprise. It was disastrous and millions died of famine, in particular in the Ukraine. |
|
|
Term
What were the purges of the 1930s about? |
|
Definition
| Stalin arrested and killed millions of "guilty" people, many of whom were innocent. Fear was enormous. |
|
|
Term
What was the dual purpose of the Gulag system in the USSR? |
|
Definition
| To work as a prison system as well as a forced labor system. |
|
|
Term
How did religion change under Stalin? |
|
Definition
| Religion was strictly outlawed; if anything Stalin was worshipped like a god. |
|
|
Term
What was socialist realism art about? |
|
Definition
| It falsely showed how communism was working. It became common in the USSR, China, and other communist countries. |
|
|
Term
Prior to WWII, what was the top enemy to communists? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What were the Opium Wars about? |
|
Definition
| Great Britain wanted tea from China, but China would only accept silver for payment. When Great Britain ran out of silver, they decided to illegally sell opium to the Chinese for silver, and then bought the tea with it. This led to war over trading rights in China. |
|
|
Term
What was the significance of the Taiping Rebellion? |
|
Definition
| It was the bloodiest civil war in human history, and showed how little power and the Qing dynasty had despite the rebels losing the war. |
|
|
Term
Overall, what was China's relationship with the West and Japan by 1900? |
|
Definition
| China was being forced into trade agreements and was often at the mercy of what the foreigners wanted to do. |
|
|
Term
What was the fate of the Qing Dynasty in China? |
|
Definition
| It fell in 1911. There has not been a monarchy in China since. |
|
|
Term
| Who fought in the Chinese Civil War, and who won? |
|
Definition
| The communists (CCP) vs. the Kuomintang (KMT). The communists won. |
|
|
Term
| In general, what was the Meiji period about in Japan? |
|
Definition
| Japan stopped its isolation and began trading more, started to behave like a European country, industrialized, defeated the samurai system. |
|
|
Term
What was the significance of the Nanking Massacre? |
|
Definition
| Japanese soldiers committed horrible atrocities after taking over this big Chinese city, and it led more foreigners to dislike the Japanese and support the Chinese. |
|
|
Term
What are the five parts ("paragraphs") of a normal social studies-type research essay? |
|
Definition
| Introduction, Body paragraph #1, Body paragraph #2, Body paragraph #3, Conclusion. |
|
|
