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| - the change in position of an object |
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| the rate at which velocity changes over time; an ovject accelerates if it’s speed direction or both change |
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| an action exerted on a body in order to change the body’s state of rest or motion; force has magnitude and direction |
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| a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact |
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| Static V.S Kinetic Friction |
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| Static friction is the force that resist the initalition of sliding motion between tow surfaces that are in contact and at rest, and kinetic friction is the force that opposes the movement of two surfaces that are in contact and are sliding over each over |
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| An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion maintains its velocity it experiences an unbalanced force |
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| the the tendency of an object to resist being moved or if the object is moving to resist a change in speed or direction until an outside force acts on the object |
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| The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the object’s mass times it’s acceleration |
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| Law of universal gravitation |
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| Free fall and weight- the motion of a body when only the force of gravity is acting on the body |
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| the curved path that an object follows when thrown launched or otherwised projected near the surface of earth, the motion of objects that are moving is two dimensions under the influence of gravity |
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| For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction force |
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a quantity defined as the product of the mass and velocity of an object
Formula:
Momentum= mass*velocity |
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- the transfer of energy to a body by the application of a force that causes the body to move in the direction of the force
Formula: Work= Force * Distance |
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- a quantity that measures the rate at which work is done or energy is transformed
Formula: WOrk/time=power |
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| Machines- Machines help us do work by redistributing the work that we put into them. Machines can change the direction of an input force. |
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a quantity that measures how much a machine multiplies foce or distance
Formula:= Output force/ input force or input distance/ output distance |
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| first class lever has it's fulcrum located in the middle |
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| in a second class lever the fulcrum is at one end of the arm and the input force is applied to the other end. The wheel of a wheel barrow is a fulcrum( wheel of wheel barrow) |
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| third class levers multiply distance rather than force. As result they have a mechanical advantage of less that one, the human body contains many third class lever. |
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| - inclined plane changes both the magnitude and the direction of force |
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| : a wedge turns a downward force into two forces directed out to the sides |
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| A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder |
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| Law of enegy conservation |
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| energy can't be destroyed nor created |
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| the energy that an object has because of the position shape, or condition of the object |
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| the energy of a moving object due to the object due to the object's motion |
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| the energy of a moving object due to the object due to the object's motion |
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| the transfer of energy as heat through a material |
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| the movement of matter due to diffrences in density that are caused by tempature vibrations |
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| the energy that is transferred as electromagnetic waves, scuh as visale light and infared waves |
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| good conductors vs Bad conductors |
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| good conductors can conduct heat and electricity well but bad conductors can't, good conductors are usally made of metal |
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| are used to raise the indoor temperature on cooler days, energy must by transferred into a room’s air by a heating system. Most heating systems use a source of energy to raise the tempature of a substance such as air or water |
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| in all cooling systems, energy is tansferred as heat from one substance to another leaving the first substance with less energy and thus a lower tempature |
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| a wave is caused by a vibration of some sort, there are two kinds of waves, Mechanical waves and Electomagnetic wave |
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| is a place where the wave travels through( example- sesmic waves medium is earth) |
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| Wave that require a medium is called a mechanical wave( example- water wave) |
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| Electromagnetic wave- a wave that doesn’t require a medium( example- light waves) |
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| waves transfer energy from one place to the other |
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| vibrations cause waves to start |
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| vibrations cause waves to start |
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| Transverse waves move in a perpendicular motion( water waves) |
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| Longitudinal waves move in a parallel motion( sound waves) |
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| reflection is the bouncing back of a ray of light, sound heat, when the ray hits a surface that it does not go through |
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| - a change in direction of a wave when the wave finds an obstacle or edge such as an opening |
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| bending of a wave front as the wave front passes between two substances in which the speed of the wave differs |
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| the combination of two or more wave of the same frequency results in a single wave, it could be a constructive or a destructive wave. A constructive wave is formed when two waves that are moving at the same direction and same frequency bumps to each other making the two waves combine so that the wave is bigger than the original wave. A destructive wave is formed by a wave that is not travelling the same direction resulting the two waves combing but the result is smaller than the original larger wave |
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| standing waves are a pattern of waves/ vibrations that look like the wave is standing still( not moving) |
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| any sound wave with frequencies higer than 20000hertz |
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| any sound wave with frequencies lower than 20hertz |
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| a phenomenon that occurs when two objects vibrate at the same frequency |
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| sound navigation and ranging, a system that uses acoustic sgnals and echo returns to determine the location fo objects or to communicate |
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| sound navigation and ranging, a system that uses acoustic sgnals and echo returns to determine the location fo objects or to communicate |
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| the rate at which energy flows through a given area of space |
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