Term
| comes through mediaN arcuate arcuate ligament around T12 |
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Definition
| where does the aorta come through the diaphragm (What ligament and what spinal level?) |
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Term
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Definition
| is the aorta mesenteric or retroperitoneal? |
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Term
| L4, common iliac arteries |
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Definition
| what spinal level does the aorta divide, what are these vessels called? |
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Term
1)body wall(these are paired except 1)
2)kidneys and glands (bilateral but asymmetric)
3) gut (midline, unpaired) |
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Definition
| where do branches of the aorta go (3 places) |
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Term
1)inferior phrenic arteries
2) 4 lumbar arteries
3) median sacral artery |
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Definition
| what are the branches of the aorta that go to the body wall below the aortic hiatus? (go north to south) |
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Term
| because the aorta is off to the left, so the vessels to the right side of the body have to cross the midline and are longer |
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Definition
| why are all of the aortic branches to the kidneys and glands assymetric? |
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Term
1) 3 pairs-suprarenal arteries
2) 1 pair-renal arteries
3) 1 pair-gonadal arteries |
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Definition
| list the aortic branches to the kidney and glands (north to south) |
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Term
| supplies the body wall, anastamoses with the pelvic artery |
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Definition
| what does the median sacral artery anastamose with? (what does the MSA supply?) |
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Term
| usually a direct branch off the aorta right below the hiatus at T12, but they can branch off the celiac trunk |
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Definition
| where do the inferior phrenics usually come off the aorta (what is an alternative?) |
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Term
| 8-10, branch off the inferior phrenic arteries |
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Definition
| how many superior suprarenal arteries are there, and what do they branch off of? |
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Term
|
Definition
| what vessel do the middle suprarenal arteries come off of? |
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Term
| one branches off each of the renal arteries |
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Definition
| what vessel do the inferior suprarenal arteries branch off of? |
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|
Term
| superior is smallest, middle is middle, inferior is largest |
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Definition
| describe the sizes of each of the suprarenal arteries compared to each other |
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Term
| the right one, it crosses the midline |
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Definition
| which renal artery is larger? |
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Term
| secondarily retroperitoneal, doesn't have anything to do with the kidney functionally or developmentally, just ends up on top of it |
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Definition
| is the suprarenal gland mesenteric or retroperitoneal? does it have anything to do with the kideny? |
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Term
S = Suprarenal glands (aka the adrenal glands)
A = Aorta/IVC
*D = Duodenum (second and third segments [some also include the fourth segment] )
*P = Pancreas (tail is intraperitoneal)
U = Ureters
*C = Colon (only the ascending and descending parts)
K = Kidneys
E = Esophagus(part)
R = Rectum(upper 2/3)
* D,P,C = secondary retroperitoneal
random vessels: (all secondarily retroperitoneal)
ileocolic, right colic most of left colic, most of IMA, most of splenic, superior rectal arteries |
|
Definition
| list the (primary and secondary) retroperitoneal organs & vessels |
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Term
|
Definition
| what spinal level is the celiac artery? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| what spinal level is the SMA? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| what spinal level is the IMA? |
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|
Term
SMA gives them off
after passing under the body of the pancreas |
|
Definition
| what gives off the anterior and posterior INFERIOR pancreaticoduodenal arteries, when does it do this? |
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Term
| celiac -> common hepatic -> gastroduodenal -> a/p SUPERIOR PD |
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Definition
| where do the anterior/posterior SUPERIOR PD arteries come from? |
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Term
| the vessels usually run perpendicular to the middle of the tube then branch parallel to it |
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Definition
| how do arteries typically reach the gut off the SMA? |
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|
Term
1) inferior PD's
2) middle colic
3) jejunal arteries (lots of branches)
4) right colic artery
5) ileocollic art. |
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Definition
| list the branches of the SMA from north to south |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the entire ileum, jejunum, and their vessels are ______ |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| what artery supplies the distal ileum and proximal colon and is mostly secondarily retroperitoneal (except for the branch it sends to the appendix)? |
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|
Term
| ileal and jejunal branches -> arcades (4 rows in jejunum, 2 rows in ileum) -> vasa recta |
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Definition
| list the vessels from the SMA to the illeum and jejunum |
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|
Term
1) left colic artery to descding colon
2) sigmoid arteries
3) superior rectal arteries |
|
Definition
| describe the branches off the IMA (northe to south) |
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|
Term
mesenteric: l&r gastric, l&r gastroomental, common hepatic, PD
retroperitoneal: |
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Definition
| which parts of the celiac artery are mesenteric? which parts are retroperitoneal? |
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|
Term
mostly mesenteric: last part of SMA, jejunal & ileal branches, vasa recta, arcades, middle colic
retroperitoneal: right colic, ileocolic(colic half), inferior PD's, first part of SMA |
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Definition
| which parts of the SMA are mesenteric? which parts are retroperitoneal? |
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|
Term
MOSTLY retroperitoneal: most of left colic, superior rectal, IMA itself
mesenteric: sigmoid, part of left colic, |
|
Definition
| which parts of the IMA are mesenteric? which parts are retroperitoneal? |
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Term
| 3rd part of duodenum, if compressed the SMA will squeeze the duodenum into the aorta |
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Definition
| what does the SMA go anterior to? (if this was compressed, what would be obstructed?) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| where does the middle colic artery anastamose with the left colic artery? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where does the ilecolic artery anastamose with the right colic? |
|
|
Term
| at the transition of sigmoid colon to rectum |
|
Definition
| where do the sigmoid arteries anastamose with superior rectal? |
|
|
Term
ileum: thinner wall, has 4 rows of arcades, short vasa recti, increased fat, mores peyers patches, less folds
jejunum: bigger longer vasa recti, thicker walls, less fat, 2 rows of arcades, more folds |
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Definition
| how can you tell the ileum form the jejunum? |
|
|
Term
| L5, by joining of the common iliac veins |
|
Definition
| what spinal level does the IVC form at? what vessels form it? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at what spinal level does the IVC come through the diaphragm? |
|
|
Term
| inferior phrenic vein, hepatic veins, R suprarenal, L&R renals, Right gonadal, lumbar veins, common iliac veins |
|
Definition
| what veins drain DIRECTLY to the IVC? (north to south) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| how do the left suprarenal and left gonadal veins reach the IVC? |
|
|
Term
| 1 pair of veins, 3 pairs of arteries |
|
Definition
| how many pairs of suprarenal veins are there? suprarenal arteries? |
|
|
Term
| at the l common iliac, the artery is a direct branch off the middle of the aorta |
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Definition
| where does the median sacral vein enter the IVC? where does the artery hit the aorta? |
|
|
Term
right renal artery passes posterior to the IVC
the left renal vein passes anterior to the aorta |
|
Definition
| where does the right renal artery pass in relation to the IVC? how about the left renal vein in relation to the aorta? |
|
|
Term
| left renal vein, right testicular/ovarian |
|
Definition
| what vessels cross the midline and passes anterior to the IVC & aorta? |
|
|
Term
| the aorta is at L4, the IVC forms at L5 |
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Definition
| what level is the bifurcation of the aorta? the IVC? |
|
|
Term
common iliac veins are posterior to the common iliac arteries
the median sacral artery is behind the left common iliac vein |
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Definition
| what is the relationship between the common iliac veins and the common iliac arteries? (which is anterior/posterior) where is the median sacral artery in relation to this? |
|
|
Term
| lumbar arteries cross behind the IVC, the lumbar veins pass behind the aorta |
|
Definition
| where do the lumbar arteries and veins pass in relation to each other? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how long is the portal vein? |
|
|
Term
foregut: splenic vein, portal, superior mesenteric
midgut: superior mesenteric vein
hindgut: inferior mesenteric vein |
|
Definition
| what MAIN vein drains the midgut? what about the hindgut? the foregut? |
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|
Term
1)l& r gastric
2) cystic
3) superior PD's
4) paraumbilical (small patch of skin on body wall) |
|
Definition
| what veins drain into the portal vein? |
|
|
Term
1)short gastic veins
2)left gastroomental |
|
Definition
| what drains into the splenic vein? |
|
|
Term
| right gastroomental and inferior PD's |
|
Definition
| what veins drain into the superior mesenteric vein? |
|
|
Term
| passes anterior/superior to the 3rd segment of duodenum and uncinate process then goes under the neck of the pancreas |
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Definition
| where does the superior mesenteric vein travel to reach the portal vein in relation to the pancreas and small intestine? |
|
|
Term
IMV joins the splenic behind the pancreas, then the splenic and SMV join, forming the portal vein
the IMV can vary and go straight to the portal |
|
Definition
| how do the splenic, IMV, and SMV make the portal vein? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what veins drain the liver to the IVC? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which is more superior, splenic artery of vein? |
|
|
Term
| posterior to the neck of the pancreas |
|
Definition
| where does the portal vein form in relation to the pancreas? |
|
|
Term
| cancer, cirrhosis, thrombosis, or congenital malformation of the IVC |
|
Definition
| what are the causes of portal hypertension? |
|
|
Term
| varices, splenomegaly, and acites |
|
Definition
| what is portal hypertension associated with? (what other conditions?) |
|
|
Term
| the portal side reverses until it reaches the anastamoses to the caval system |
|
Definition
| where does blood flow reverse direction in the case of portal hypertension? |
|
|
Term
1)left gastric-azygous
2)superior rectal vein - middle & inferior rectal veins
3)paraumbilical - thoracoepigastric
4) inferior mesenteric - posterior abdominal wall veins (IVC branches)-> hemiazygous (SVC)
these are sites where blood backs up caused by portal hypertension and can cause varices which may rupture |
|
Definition
| where are the 4 major portal-caval anastamoses in order of most deadly to least(why are they important?) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what results from portal hypertension increasing blood flow to the left gastric vein where it anastamoses with the azygous? |
|
|
Term
| ruptured esophageal varices |
|
Definition
| what is one of the most common causes of death due to portal hypertension? |
|
|
Term
| rectal varices, which cause bright red bleeding |
|
Definition
| what results from portal hypertension increasing blood flow to the superior rectal vein where it anastamoses with the middle and inferior rectal veins? |
|
|
Term
upper has tar colored stools
lower has bright red stools |
|
Definition
| what is the difference from an upper GI bleed and a lower GI Bleed? |
|
|
Term
| caput medusae, engorged superficial veins radiate out from the umbillicus |
|
Definition
| what results from portal hypertension increasing blood flow to the paraumbilical vein where it anastamoses with the thoracoepigastric veins? |
|
|
Term
| usually it is asymptomatic |
|
Definition
| what results from portal hypertension increasing blood flow to the inferior mesenteric vein where it anastamoses with the veins of the posterior abdominal wall? |
|
|
Term
| intestinal trunks which drain into the cysterna chyli(beginning of thoracic duct) ~L1,L2 level |
|
Definition
| where does lymph from the gut go mostly? |
|
|
Term
bare area of the liver sends lymph through the diaphragm to thoracic lymph nodes
this is an important metastasis route
also descending + sigmoid colon drain some lymph to posterior abdominal wall
also a metastasis route |
|
Definition
| what are exceptions to gut lymph drainage into intestinal trunks? |
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