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| average weight gain for preschoolers |
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| average height gain in preschoolers |
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| Refinement of eye-hand and muscle coordination |
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Definition
| Refinement of eye-hand and muscle coordination |
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Preschool (Children’s drawings before age 6 are similar
After age 6 culture and environment influence) |
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Definition
| Drawing used to assess IQ, personality, & psychosocial adjustment |
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Definition
| Transition from totally egocentric to social awareness |
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Use language without comprehending the meaning of words
Magical thinking |
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Definition
Language major mode of communication
Vocabulary increases from 500 to 2100 words
Give and follow simple commands
Use language without knowing the meaning of the words
- Why? |
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Term
| Preschool (Psychosocial Development Erickson) |
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Definition
Developing a sense of initiative
Development of superego or conscience
Aware of appropriate behavior through punishment and reward
Experience a sense of guilt for misbehaving
Play provides opportunities to develop communication and socialization skills |
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Term
| Preschool (Moral Development Kohlberg) |
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Definition
Preconventional or premoral level
Punishment and obedience orientation
Age 2-4 years
Action is judged good or bad based on reward or punishment received
Naïve instrumental orientation
Age 4-7
Reciprocity or fairness |
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Term
| Preschool (Spiritual Development) |
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Definition
God is viewed like an imaginary friend
Development of conscience is strongly linked to spiritual development
Illness may be viewed as punishment for bad behavior |
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Term
| Preschool (social development) |
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Definition
Individuation-separation process completed
Need parental assurance, guidance and approval
Hospitalization:
Respond to concrete explanations
Gain security from familiar items |
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Term
| Preschool (Development of body image) |
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Definition
Recognize differences in race
Vulnerable to learning prejudices
Poorly defined body boundaries and minimal knowledge or their internal anatomy
Fear that blood can leak out
Bandages are critical |
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Term
| Preschool (Development of Sexuality) |
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Definition
Freud—(Oedipal) resolution with the child identifies with same sex parent
Sex Typing
Learn sex differences and appropriate behavior
Sex role imitation
“dressing up”
Sexual exploration
Manipulate their genitals
Questions regarding sexual reproduction
Find out what they think and know |
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Term
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Definition
enjoy associative play, group play without rigid rules
Imaginary friends occurs at 2 ½ years
Imaginative, imitative, and dramatic play |
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Term
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Definition
| Most critical period for speech development occurs between |
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Definition
| have the greatest number of real or imagined fears |
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Definition
prime time for sleep disturbance
Evaluate nightmares versus sleep terrors
Children who delay bedtime need consistent bedtime rituals
Television viewing just before bedtime can cause resistance and delay sleep onset |
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Term
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Definition
Temperament
Temperamental characteristics may seem exaggerated
“Slow to adapt” in addition to normal ritualism of toddlers
Biologically active in addition to normal activity level of toddlers |
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Term
| 12-18 months (part of toddler stage) |
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Definition
Like novelty
Discover new means of solving problems
Trial and error |
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Term
| 18-24 months (part of toddler stage) |
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Definition
Increasingly complex and deferred imitation
Use mental strategies to solve problems
Use tool to attain objects |
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Definition
Magic thinking
Egocentricity |
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Definition
Magic thinking
Egocentricity |
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Term
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Definition
| when the child is trying to get someone to pay attention to the same thing that they have their attention focused on. (a toy ect) this is a sign of autism. |
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Term
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Definition
Tantrums very common
Avoid by
Directing child to activities they can master
Avoid situations that may overwhelm child
Manage by ignoring if possible
Restraints if needed |
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Term
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Definition
Ritualistic
Means to have some control in large, unpredictable world
Responsibility
Can begin to have simple chores with support and positive reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
Understands “no no”
Remembers “no no”
Can verbalize “no no”
Beginning control (weak!)
Does right thing for fear of punishment
Internalized right thing– beginning of conscience |
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Term
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Definition
| Not more than ___ ounces/day (toddlers) |
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Term
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Definition
| Need around ___ calories/kg/day from birth to 6 months |
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Term
| ounce a day, pound every two weeks, two pounds a month |
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Definition
| proper weight gain for toddlers |
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Term
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Definition
| formula is ___ calories/ounce |
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Term
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Definition
Need iron foods—meat, cereals, leafy greens, beans
Self feeding
“Not eating enough”
Choking hazards
Picky eating and food jags
Solid food at 4-6 months |
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Term
| Sleep patterns of toddlers |
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Definition
Needs 12-14 hours/day
Sleep problems
Sleep onset
Night waking
Sleeping with parents |
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Term
| signs of readiness for toilet training |
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Definition
Able to walk
Dry for 2 hours
Can indicate need by word or gesture
Interest in potty procedures
Indicates dislike of wet/soiled diapers |
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Term
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Definition
Sense of competency
Beginnings of provacativeness
Increased parental vigilance
Appetite and growth changes
Distal communication |
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Term
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Definition
Discipline and limit setting
Sleep and reawakening
Rhythmic behavior
Autonomy and negativity
Verbalization |
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Term
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Definition
Activity level
Impulse control
Pregnancy
Fears
Shift in play and language
Separation |
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Term
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Definition
Presence of excess adipose (fatty) tissue in the body.
Complex chronic disease involving genetics, metabolism, physiology, environmental, psychosocial factors |
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Term
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Definition
| BMI at 85-95th percentile. |
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Term
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Definition
| BMI at > 95th percentile. |
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5 fruits and vegetables a day
Two hours or less of screen time per day
One hour of vigorous exercise
Zero sweetened juices or drinks |
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Definition
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Definition
| Activities directed toward maintaining or increasing health |
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Definition
| Decreasing the probability of health disruptions in an individual or group |
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Definition
| environmental or regulatory activities that confer broad based protection |
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Term
| Health Education (intervention to promote health) |
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Definition
| activities to teach parents and children specific health-related information |
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Term
| Anticipatory Guidance (intervention to promote health) |
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Definition
| activities to help parents/children anticipate changes and to plan actions in advance to deal with changes |
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| Counseling (intervention to promote health) |
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Definition
| Mutual problem solving process whereby the nurse provides support and helps client recognize and cope with health-related concerns |
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Term
| Screening (Interventions to promote health) |
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Definition
| activities to detect actual or potential health problems in apparently well individuals so that intervention can be provided to prevent or minimize problems (to detect before they are clinically apparent) |
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Term
| specific measures (interventions to promote health) |
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Definition
| activities such as immunizations |
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Term
| Injury prevention (interventions to promote health) |
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Definition
| actions taken to influence the agent, host or environment in order to minimize or prevent injury. May include education, anticipatory guidance, counseling as well as actions taken at a community or governmental level |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of antibodies from mother to infant by placenta or breast milk |
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Term
| artifical passive immunity |
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Definition
temporary immunity by administration of preformed antibodies that lasts 4-6 week. Used in:
immunodeficiency disorders
when time does not allow natural immunity
some snakebites
to ameliorate disease already present
to prevent disease after exposure when no active immunization exists |
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Term
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Definition
| immunity that results from having the disease |
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Term
| artificial active immunity |
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Definition
| occurs by introduction of weakened or dead antigen into host to cause formation of antibodies |
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Term
| 4-6 weeks when their immune system is ready to respond |
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Definition
| immunization in children can be started when... |
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Term
| Parent Training Program developed by Carolyn Webster-Stratton |
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Definition
This program:
Focuses on specific parenting skills with a detailed intervention manual
Has been tested through a number of RCTs
Uses video tapes, discussion, handouts and homework
Was developed as a group model |
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Definition
| "the proportion of subjects with immunity in a given population". |
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Term
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Definition
| "the reduction of infection or disease in the unimmunized segment as a result of immunizing a proportion of the population". |
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Term
| newborn social development |
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Definition
Infant enjoys being talked to, cuddled, touched, held
Shows subtle preference for parents
Prefers to look at human faces |
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Term
| newborn motor development |
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Definition
Makes crawling movements when prone
Lifts head briefly and unsteadily when prone
Arms and legs predominately in flexed position
Hand-mouth movements |
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Term
| newborn visual development |
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Definition
Prefers faces
Stares at interesting colors, shapes, contrasts
Fixes on objects
May follow slowly moving object with eyes |
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Term
30 grams/day (1 ounce/day)
½ pound/week
2 pounds/month
Double birth weight by 5 months |
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Definition
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Term
110-120 calories/kilograms/day
110 ml/kilogram/day |
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Definition
| caloric needs for a newborn |
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Term
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Definition
| average crying time: 1 1/2 hours/day |
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Definition
| average crying time: 3 hours/day |
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Term
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Definition
| average crying time: 1 hour a day |
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Term
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Definition
| Crying > 3 hours/day, 3 days/week, for > 3 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| Ego Development Outcome: Trust vs. Mistrust |
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Term
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Definition
Ego Development Outcome: Autonomy vs. Shame
Basic Strengths: Self-control, Courage, and Will |
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Term
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Definition
Ego Development Outcome: Initiative vs. Guilt
Basic Strength: Purpose |
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Definition
Ego Development Outcome: Industry vs. Inferiority
Basic Strengths: Method and Competence |
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Term
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Definition
Ego Development Outcome: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Basic Strengths: Devotion and Fidelity |
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Term
| 18-35 years (young adulthood) |
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Definition
Ego Development Outcome: Intimacy and Solidarity vs. Isolation
Basic Strengths: Affiliation and Love |
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