Term
| what is a demographic perspective? |
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Definition
| a comparison of information(data, cencus, or growth rates) |
|
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Term
| Give several examples of statements that express a demographic perspective. |
|
Definition
Nat Geo- Earth has a carrying capacity and the population will continue to grow. this will cause resources to be depleted
center of biodiversity- as our population grows in america so does the impact on endangered species
scientific america- humans need nature, but nature does not need us. Humans are not more important than any other species
study of stuff- material economy is a linear system in a finite world. humans are all about overconsumption |
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Term
| What is the difference between a positive and negative statement? |
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Definition
positive - (the state of nature)(population has changed over time)
negative or normative- what should be (what is better?) the population should not grow any more. |
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Term
| Give an example of how a demographic perspective can inform a public policy? (NOT the China example) |
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Definition
| like in india where they offer about a weeks worth of pay for a male to receive a vasectomy procedure in order to voluntarily serilize himself |
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Term
| Describe the Chinese national government’s demographic perspective, the resulting public policy, and the implications of this policy. |
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Definition
| as chinas population climbed they put laws into effect preventing more than one child to be born to a family. This has now resulted in there being too many in one demographic (the working class) and soon they will all be to old to work and there will be no working class to pay for healthcare for all of them |
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Term
| What are some of the current debates about the relationship between population and the environment? |
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Definition
| propulation does not affect the environment directly its connection is with the large over consumption of our population not the pop itself |
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Term
| How is the global population expected to grow? |
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Definition
| global population is expected to grow by 2.5 billion or more by 2050. even though the population growth rate is actually decreasing, and after the 2050 projections, it is extremely unclear how population is expected to grow. It could keep skyrocketing, stay about the same, or decrease (due to a disaster or smarter pop control). Growth is slowing in developed areas and supposed to grow in developing areas. By 2050 the U.N. has estimated 9.2 billion people on planet earth |
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Term
| What is the link between literacy and fertility? |
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Definition
| the literacy rate is the best indicator of the fertility rate. the higher the literacy rate the lower the fertility rate, which also means that a higher literacy rate most likely leads to a lower population growth rate. Higher literacy rate means higher education in general but more specifically sexual education. |
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Term
| What is happening with fertility/population in India? |
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Definition
| the growth rate has increased in india especially in urban areas as people migrate from rural areas |
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Term
| Describe population control in India. |
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Definition
| incetivizing birth control. |
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Term
| What is the “demographic dividend? Where is it playing out? |
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Definition
the demographic dividend-working class is the major demographic, while young and old are smaller in size (ex. China/India)
Demographic Divide- lots of old and young (Japan) |
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Term
| How does US population size compare to its percent of energy use? |
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Definition
| even though the US pop size is smaller (5%) than other countries (China/India) our energy use makes up about 20% of the world |
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Term
| How does urbanization related to population and environmental issues? |
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Definition
| large parts of the world are moving toward being like "western Civilizations". If life were to improve in rural areas (india) maybe immigration to the cities would lessen. |
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Term
| What are some of the negative affects of population growth? |
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Definition
limited resources
unsuitable living conditions
greater chance for diseases to spread faster |
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Term
| What technologies have increased ability to support a growing population? What were the side effects? |
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Definition
agricultural technologies such as chemical fertilizers. the discovery of oil.
Side effects- phosphorous running out / polluting the water (Eutrophication), air pollution from burning the oil is heating the earth faster than its normal cycle. |
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Term
| What is the relationship between religion, fertility, and economic development? (What happened with religious enlightenment and France?) |
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Definition
| religious enlightenment in france led to lower fertility rates. religion usually is prenatal, which raises fertility rates which greatens economic development. but there are only so many resources so at some point economic development must level off. |
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Term
| What is the relationship between religion, fertility, and economic development? (What happened with religious enlightenment and France?) |
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Definition
| no, if they stop having children then there will be no one to pass on evironmentally "smart" genes too. no promise that the resulting children wont rebel and become environmental hitlers. |
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Term
| What was the relationship between WWII, mortality, and population? |
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Definition
lots of people were killed (lower pop = boom in birth rates) medical advances allowed children to live that would have died at birth.
Green revolution(Mechanical production)
striped land of top soil and nutients due to monocrop farming techniques. Genetic alteration of crops |
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Term
| Why is population control the solution to environmental problems? Why is it not enough? |
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Definition
| less people means less resource use, but less people means higher economic growth which in turn will spur higher consumption |
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Term
| Give several examples of empirical data that can inform a demographic perspective. |
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Definition
census
growth rates
deforestation rates
(DATA/Facts) |
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Term
| an example of a theory that could inform a demographic perspective. |
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Definition
Earth has a carrying capacity
cause of birthrates could be religious based (more people more prosperous)
reproducing is Animalistic/human nature |
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Term
| can we get out of studying the influential demographic perspectives of the past? |
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Definition
shape our own idease
identify key debates
learn argument/ counter arguments
develop a common language |
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Term
| What is pro-natalism? Anti-natalism? |
|
Definition
pro-natalism- the more children the better
anti-natalism- more children = disaster |
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Term
| Name several pro-natal groups and explain the justification behind their natalist doctrine. |
|
Definition
ancient greeks - goddesses used to bring children (blessed to have children)
jews -population was a means to an end (the bigger the population the greater the power)
kautilyn - population of a community (pop size should match resources so that they do not go to waste)
plato- population of a community( first to worry about population becoming to large, 5,040 people was his perfect community, enough to divide labor, but not to big so that people were anonymous .
roman empire-more people ment more worriors, more people ment expanding an empire.
islam - more children is a sign of flourishing/stronger community.
European conquest - densely populated areas were signs of prosperity. |
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Term
| When do we first see population size become a concern? |
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Definition
| industrial revolution(urbanization and sewer overload.) |
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Term
| Contrast Kautilya and Plato’s opinions on population size |
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Definition
kautilyn-pop should match resources
plato-pop should be 5,040 people |
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|
Term
| When were Christians pro-natal? Anti-natal? Explain the influential factors of those changes in perspective. |
|
Definition
genisis-pro natal (Procreate and dominate the earth.)
roman empire pro natal- more people meant more warriors/larger empire
middle ages- augustine put a stop to pro natalism, virginity is a high virtue, children out of wedlock was a sin. |
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Term
| When was the industrial revolution? |
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Definition
| about 1760-1830 but revolutions dont have start and end dates |
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Term
| Identify five things that changed during the industrial revolution. |
|
Definition
textile manufacturing
meallurgy (lighter stronger metals)
mining (coal and oil)
steam power
chemicals
machine tools
gas lighting
paper machines
mechanized ag. |
|
|
Term
| . Name several specific ways that the industrial revolution generated new forms of environmental degradation. |
|
Definition
water was turned into steam or moved turbines for energy (dams used and caused damage and water pollution)
coal and oil burning caused air pollution
fertilizers (eutrophication) |
|
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Term
| Identify (place, year, event) an environmental tragedy associated with transition to industrial economy. |
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Definition
Acid rain of 1852
Great smog 1873 too much coal burnign in England 700 died
Water-inadequate sewage system led to collera outbreak 1832 (20,000 died)
ecosystem damage- diversion and dams for power flooded areas and killed biodiversity, lochs, overworking of soil (monocropping, fertilizers, striped nutiendts from top soil (dust bowls) |
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Term
| What idea is Adam Smith best known for? |
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Definition
wealth of nations (laissez fiare - gov. should not interfere in economics)
supply and demand will stabilize economys
government should use invisible hand |
|
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Term
| According to Smith, what generates prosperity in a nation? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is a “physiocratic philosophy”? Give an example. |
|
Definition
| the land is the true measure of wealth |
|
|
Term
| . According to Condorcet, what generates prosperity in a nation? |
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Definition
| science will keep up with population growth. LLess resources to do the same thing |
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Term
| According to Concorcet, what should happen when population begins to out number resources? |
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Definition
| the government should use population control if land becomes a scarce resource. |
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Term
| Where do we see Concorcet’s policy prescription again during the industrial revolution? |
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Definition
| increase in labor is an increase in strength |
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Term
| Why wasn’t Godwin worried about having enough resources to keep up with population growth? |
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Definition
| science will keep up with pop growth. less resources to do the same things |
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Term
| Where do we see Godwin’s ideas again in the 20th century? |
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Definition
| Esther boserup and the green revolution(technology increases crop yield) |
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|
Term
| In what year did Malthus publish his book? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| On what did Malthus and Godwin disagree? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . Explain the difference between how food production and population growth increase over time, according to Malthus. |
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Definition
| population growth is exponential while food growth is linear. diminishing returns on crop growth. |
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Term
| According to Malthus, why won’t people curb their growth rates naturally or out of moral concern? |
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Definition
| people cant see what is not affecting them so when they do start to feel the consequences it will be to late |
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Term
| According to Malthus, what will result in the short run? Medium run? Long run? |
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Definition
short run- poverty
middle run- strip earth of resources
long run-humans will be forced to return to a subsistence living(hunting and gathering) to survive |
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|
Term
| . What is meant by the term “Malthusian Crisis”? |
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Definition
| humans will break down to animalistic behaviors doing anything they can to survive |
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Term
| What can prevent a Malthusian crisis? |
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Definition
| pop control (incentivize/force people to not reproduce) |
|
|
Term
| . Provide several critiques or counter arguments to Malthus. |
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Definition
use of urban areas
increased production in rural areas
self correcting populations
population control with education
technology |
|
|
Term
| . Compare/contrast Smith, Condorcet, Godwin, and Malthus |
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Definition
smith-more land more power
condorcet-more people more power
godwin-technology is the key
malthus-gloom and doom |
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Term
| What is Marxism and how does it relate to the advent of the industrial revolution? |
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Definition
| gap between rich and poor (solution is a redistribution of wealth) during the industrial revolution the gap between the rich and the poor became very large. |
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Term
| According to Marx, how can hunger and poverty be avoided? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Marx, what should be done if natural resources cannot satisfy the needs of the human population? How is this different than Malthus’s solution? |
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Definition
| measures must be taken to ensure that distribution of wealth of political structure/ class differential. this differs from malthus because he says let people suffer and die (neomalthusian-direct problem somewhere else) |
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Term
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Definition
| a philosophical and political movement that combines ecological concerns with feminist ones, regarding both as resulting from male domination of society (MOTHER EARTH ex.) |
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Term
| How does ecofeminism build on Marxism? |
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Definition
| distribute wealth (idea of equality) |
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|
Term
| In what year did Boserup publish her book? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is agricultural intensification (give several specific examples)? |
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Definition
| increasing inputs for greater yield (monocropping, fertilizers, mechanical agriculture) |
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Term
| What was the Green Revolution? When was the term coined? |
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Definition
| the green revolution refers to a series of research, development, and technology transferinitiatives that increases agricultural production world wide, particularly in the developing world. The coin was termed in 1968 by USAID directior William Gaud. the green revolution involved the development of high yielding varieties of cereal grains, expansion of irrigation infrastructure, modernization of management techniques, distribution of hybridized seeds, synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to farmers |
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Term
| Why was the US investing in research, development, and infrastructure in developing countries in the 1960s? |
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Definition
| beniefits for many parties, worlkd bank and IMF, ASAID benefitted large industry via taxpayer money while making US look good |
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Term
| What US agency and international organizations promoted the Green Revolution? |
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Definition
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Term
| Identify several critiques of the Green Revolution. |
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Definition
soil depletion
us dependency
chemical sideffects
ecological fallout |
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Term
| Identify negative externalities of the Green Revolution. |
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Definition
lwer diversity
pesticides created super bugs and caused human damage (shakes due to cantact with pesticides that make nurons fire continuously) (Nicotinides?) |
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Term
|
Definition
| humans are not more improtant than nature |
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Term
|
Definition
| man is the center of the planet |
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Term
| Who put ecocentrism on the map with The Land Ethic? In what year? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does NEP draw on ecocentrism to work for environmental change? |
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Definition
| recognizes the innovative capacity of humans, but says that humans are still ecologically interdependent as with other species. the NEP notes the power of social and cultural forces but does not profess social determinism. Instead, humans are impacted by the cause, effect, and feedback loops of ecosystems. the earth has a finite level of natural resouces and waste repositories.thus, the biophysical environmnet can impose constraints on human activity. |
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Term
| What do NEP advocates argue? |
|
Definition
what kind of value they have towards environment
need for a cultural shift
if people understood the relationship with environment they may change their behavior. |
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Term
| What does the NEP index measure? |
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Definition
| The environmental concern of groups of people using a survey. |
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Term
| What two ideas do the neo-malthusians have in common with Malthus? |
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Definition
| gloom doom and population control. not enought moral strength to stop from procreating. |
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Term
| What are two differences between the neo-malthusians and Malthus? |
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Definition
the crises can be reduced
can be directed towards others (LIFe boat metaphore. |
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Term
| Name Erlich’s book and year of publication. |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the space ship metaphor. Why does he argue against it? |
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Definition
if ther was a small finite space for humans that limits population procreation would not occur because of limitations to small resources.
hardin dissagrees because the spaceship would be under universal sovergn control which is not how earth is |
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Term
| Explain the lifeboat metaphor and “carrying capacity.” |
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Definition
| each country has its own life boat which has a carrying capacity. rich have a lifeboat(with resources) poor have the water |
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Term
| . What is the ethical dilemma on the lifeboat? Relate to North/South. |
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Definition
| if you take on all people onto your lifeboat everyone will die. if you kick everyone off then you will live but have the ethical delema of watching others die. North has the wealth and south does not |
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Term
| What decision must be made in the lifeboat? What are the options. |
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Definition
rich sacrifice safty factor
how to decide who gets on
if we take people in what to do with them
people will have guilt |
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Term
| How does the metaphor relate to population? What is the argument? |
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Definition
| within the lifeboat there is a carying capacity and if that is broken then the boat will sink. if there are too many people coming to the wealthy then we all go down. if we keep them out we survive. |
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Term
| What is the “tragedy of the commons”? Argument on human nature? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why doesn’t foreign aid work? Explain. |
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Definition
| creates dependancey, raises prices on pesticides, encourages to not manage own source of crops. other countries dont hold leaders accountable (if things get bad enough people will revolt) |
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Term
| What is the ratchet effect on population growth? The alternative? |
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Definition
| bails out the (poor counties) with a food bank. when country should fall due to lack of resources they are racheted up and not suffering. alternative is a cycle that population grows, runs out of food, dies off and starts over (Lynx and Hare pop dynamics) the rachett affect allows population to grow when i does not have its own resources to do so. |
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Term
| What are the implications for immigration policy? |
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Definition
people immigrate carbon footprint increases 7 times
immigration moves people to the food
we conquered the land and we wont give it back |
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|
Term
|
Definition
I= impact
P=population
F=function per capita based on pop growth
arathmatic way to justify pop control |
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Term
| Explain economy of scale + diminishing returns (as related to article) |
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Definition
| diminishing returns, every year you farm your yield will get smaller unless you put more work into the field economy of scale = bigger opperation |
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Term
| What do we know about population growth over time? (numbers and dates) |
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Definition
pop growth causes a disproportionat negative impact on the environment.
in 2050 pop is predicted at 9.5 billion but overall the growth rate is declining |
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Term
| What is the global population now, and what will it be in 2050 (give a range of 3 billion)? |
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Definition
| pop now is 7bollion and in 40 years between 9-12 billion |
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Term
| Explain the difference between population growth and growth rate. |
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Definition
| pop growth is the number of people increasing over time. growth rate is its derivative. The slope of population growth when t=x |
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Term
| Explain how the human population can be increasing in size, but have a decreasing growth rate. |
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Definition
| to have a lower growth rate means that over time say the last year pop grew 1 billion and that is a rate of 1% if the next year it grows half a billion then it is a rate of .5% |
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Term
| When did population growth rates peak? What are they now? |
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Definition
| growth rates peaked at about 1965 at a rate of 2.25%. Now they are at a rate of a little over 1%. |
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Term
| Give two examples of the world population being set back (decreased). |
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Definition
the black plague
european conquest |
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Term
| By how much did the Black Death diminish the population of Europe? |
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Definition
| 30-60% of the european population 75-200 million people |
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Term
| What three technologies greatly increased population growth rates (over human history)? |
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Definition
ad advance
increase in birth survival
proximity to H20 and food |
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Term
| What/when was the agricultural revolution? |
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Definition
| happened between the 18th and 19th centuries and started witht eh invention of the plow and other mechanical instruments which helped create food surpluses |
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|
Term
| Why did the agricultural revolution increase growth rates? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What variables play into predictions of population growth/contraction over time? (name several and explain how they could vary) |
|
Definition
disease - access to drugs
natural disasters - climate change
women education - literacy
new technologies
population control policies
life expectancies decreases because people are getting fatty fat fat (Hey mike he's not stealing a ham he is just a fat kid) |
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Term
| How are economic development, fertility, and consumption related? |
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Definition
| increases economic development = increase in literacy = decrease in fertility = increase in consumption (Mo money mo problems) |
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Term
| What is the link between child survival and population growth? |
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Definition
| child survival means lower pop growth |
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Term
| What is “fertility rate”? What is “total fertility rate”? |
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Definition
total fertility rate is the average number of children children a woman will bear in her lifetime
fertility rate is the ratio of births in an areas over the total population |
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|
Term
| What is the unit of measurement for fertility? |
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Definition
| nuber of babies per woman in country |
|
|
Term
| . Animals have different reproductive strategies. Describe the two strategies. |
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Definition
k-strat - high competition, more energy to fewer offspring (ELEPHANT)
r-strat- little resources to offspring, many offspring for higher chance of genetic survival |
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Term
| Describe the human reproductive strategy and how it relates to human natural fertility rate. |
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Definition
| the human reproductive strategy is like the k strategy lots invested into small number of offspring, but natural human fertility rate is much higher. |
|
|
Term
| . If social/ cultural factors did not limit fertility, how many children, on average would a woman have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between natural fertility rate and actual fertility rate? |
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Definition
| natural fertility rate is if a woman was pregnant for almost the entire time she was fertile and the actual is what womaen actually have which is much lower |
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Term
| What community had the highest fertility rate recorded in world history? |
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Definition
| hatterittes in southern canada with 12 children per lifetime |
|
|
Term
| What was the rate? At what year did it peak? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe some of the social and cultural factors that account for actual fertility being much lower than natural fertility (aside from state population control policies). |
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Definition
| contraceptives, economic burden, urbanization makes for little room , ability to care for children, and religion |
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Term
| Name three countries with fertility rates above 4 births per woman. |
|
Definition
congo
nigeria
niger
mali
afghanistan |
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|
Term
| Name three countries with fertility rates below 2 births per woman. |
|
Definition
canada
brazil
australia
italy
germany |
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|
Term
| What three theories have explained why some countries have high fertility rates and others have low fertility rates, and why many countries’ fertility rates are dropping? Explain and critique each theory. |
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Definition
demographic trasition theory-economic development lowers birthrate
revised demographic transition theroy - edcucation + more secular |
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Term
| Smail, Abernethy, and Hartman disagree on a lot of things. Identify two points of disagreement; explain how their views differed; note what arguments were used to back them up. |
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Definition
| relationship between environment and population |
|
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Term
| Population control means limiting population size. True/false. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Population control policies by the state never work. True/false. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify and describe 5 approaches to population control. |
|
Definition
condoms
insentives- sterilization for money, tax breaks for less children
policies - 1 year maternal leave payed
increase literacy rate = decrease
less children means higher economic advantage |
|
|
Term
| Describe population control in China. |
|
Definition
for a time only one child allowed
then allowed to have another if first was a girl
fines for having to many kids
abductions and abortions
now they are screwed |
|
|
Term
| What information is provided on a population pyramid? |
|
Definition
| breaks down the age of a population by ages and females and males |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the distribution of people over differnet ages of life at a certain time |
|
|
Term
| What is an age dependency ratio? (provide age ranges as well) |
|
Definition
| the ratio between the dependant ages (old and young) and the productive ages (15-65) |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean to have a high age dependency ratio? Low? |
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Definition
| high is lots of old and young and low is lots of working age people |
|
|
Term
| Give several examples of social, political, and cultural events that impact population structure. |
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Definition
| chinese government, relilgious changes, famine |
|
|
Term
| What is an aging population? (be specific) |
|
Definition
| a phenomenon that occurs when the median age of a country or region rises due to rising life expectancy and/or raising birth rates |
|
|
Term
| Identify 2 countries that have aging populations. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a young population? (be specific) |
|
Definition
| when the median age of the population lowers do to lower life expectancy and or raising birth rates |
|
|
Term
| Identify 2 countries that have young populations. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a declining population? |
|
Definition
| any large reduction in the population (growth rate less than 1) |
|
|
Term
| What is the replacement level fertility rate (typically—it is not a perfect measure)? |
|
Definition
the number of children a couple needs to hgave to replaced them in the population
Just under 2 |
|
|
Term
| what is the relationship between replacement level fertility and declining population? |
|
Definition
| if replacement is lower than it needs to be then population will decline |
|
|
Term
| Think about a country going through demographic transition according to demographic transition theory. How would this look on a population pyramid? |
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Definition
| it would be skinny on bottom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the availability of food and ones access to it |
|
|
Term
| What is food insecurity? How many people are food insecure in the US? |
|
Definition
| 3 months of insecurity about food 15% of US |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean to be very food insecure? How many people are very food insecure in the US? |
|
Definition
| 16% if they are food insecure for 7 months |
|
|
Term
| How many calories are available per person per day in our world? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is that enough for everyone to have enough calories? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Draw on the Irish Potato Famine case to explain why famines are not natural but instead political. |
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Definition
| potatoes were exported and the only real food that was grown in Ireland so when the blight came it killed off everything |
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Term
| Are famines caused by nature? Why and why not. |
|
Definition
| can be caused by nature id. drought/natural disaster. but most of it is human caused because of monocropping, one parasite gets on the singel strain and all hell will break loose. |
|
|
Term
| Why can’t famines be eliminated by sending US food? Giving cash? |
|
Definition
| cause inflation, dependancy, reachet effect, FORIGN AID DOES NOT WORK |
|
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Term
| Give four reasons why increasing the number of small farms might reduce world hunger. |
|
Definition
small farms have higer yield
polycropping
cuts down on food miles
decrease risk of disease
decrease poverty |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of disposable income do Americans spend on food in 2005, compared to 1970? |
|
Definition
| 14% in 1970 and 10% in 2005 |
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Term
| What does it mean that industrial food production externalizes costs? |
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Definition
| food may be cheap at the store but we pay for it later in healthcare, pollution, etc ... |
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Term
| What was the estimate of costs to natural resources, wildlife, biodiversity, and human health in 2004? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the concept of food miles and at least two critiques |
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Definition
for every calorie of food it uses 10 calories of fossil fuel in transport
actually uses more energy to process the food than it does to ship it |
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Term
| What is life cycle analysis—what can it help us to understand (be specific) |
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Definition
| used to assess the overall ecological footprint for a variety of food items. |
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Term
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Definition
| water used in the production of foods and services |
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Term
| What is irrigation efficiency? |
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Definition
| the amount of water (transevaporation from plants) evaporated over the amount used |
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Term
| . How is phosphorus used what are the negative impacts of mining it and how can we reduce dependency on phosphorus? |
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Definition
used to transfer energy
runoff causes eutrophication in water
stop using fertilizer |
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Term
| Compare American food system and health in the great depression with the post WWII era. |
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Definition
| food was scarce especially in the south before WWII and after WWII cheap food became the norm so that but it was so unhealthy for you that America gained lots of weight |
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Term
| Discuss the origin of processed foods. Include WWII, changes in social patterns, technology, public policy. |
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Definition
| Butz started farm bill that encouraged farmers to grow more food, help came from pesticides and oil. farmers wer urged not to leave land fallow. women went into workforce and media pushed conveniance food. shaped food pyramid |
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Term
| Contrast food systems in 1900 and food systems in 2000. |
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Definition
1900 small farms v large
variety v monoculture |
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Term
| Describe the relationships between war, American agriculture, 1960s counterculture, and food. |
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Definition
war ment food needed to be shipped far distances and still be eatable and nutritious, war also meant that chemicals were made to help in the war and a stockpile was forced onto american. american ag, was a grow as much as you can the the gov will help you sell it.
1960s counter culture was against processed food with no taste |
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Term
| Who is Alice Waters and what role did she play in the American food system? |
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Definition
| ower of restaurant chez pennise, restaurant built around taste for a diverse group of people |
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Term
| What is the relationship between agriculture policy and health care costs? |
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Definition
| as food became cheaper and more processed, health care costs rose due to the wellbeing of americans that needed more jelp to stay alive due to being overweight |
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Term
A lot of people are working to change the food system in America. Describe three such ventures and how
they aim to change the relationship between population and the environment. |
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Definition
growing project
food deserts
edible school yard
black guy in michigan |
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Term
| Describe the concept of ecological footprint. |
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Definition
| the measure of human demand on the earths ecosystem |
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Term
| How is ecological footprint measured? (give two ways and explain) |
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Definition
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Term
| Identify several of the individual behaviors that had a great impact on ecological footprint? |
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Definition
| flying, eating meat, driving, recycling, eating lovally, appliances, |
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Term
How amany earths would be needed to sustain ablobal poulation achieving the current lifestyle of the
average European or North Amerian? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of Earth’s water supply is fresh? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Why is desalinization not a great solution to fresh water shortage? |
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Definition
| takes too much energy and costs too muych money not worth it |
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Term
About what percent of freshwater is consumed by irrigation/ag, household/domestic/individual, and
industry/manufacturing? |
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Definition
Ag (70%)
industry/manufacturing (20%)
household/domestic/individual (10%) |
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Term
| Describe global meat consumption—rising/falling? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the relationship between increased national income per capita and percentage of protein consumption derived from meat? |
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Definition
| as per capita income increases so does protein consumption |
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Term
| How much of water used in US goes to raising animals for food? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How does US water use compare to other countries? |
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Definition
| double the worlds average but still not the worst (india and china) |
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Term
| What part of the US faces water scarcity? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the developed or developing world deforesting? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the main driver of deforestation? |
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Definition
| export to developed world and clearing for aggriculture |
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Term
| What is the “scientization” of public health policy? |
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Definition
| correlation does not prove causation, what type of evidence constitutes proof |
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Term
| What is “boundary work” and how does it apply to the previous question? |
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Definition
| the process of questioning scientific data, process of creating distinctions between groups of people. Boundry work in scientization is experts vs all others |
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Term
| Provide two examples of health social movements |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are contested illnesses? |
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Definition
| illness whos causes are sontested either caused by environment of other things |
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Term
| Give a bit of history on how US policy makers and activists have addressed contested illnesses. |
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Definition
| 1960's started it, rachel carson could not prove environmnet was cause of cancer but steingraber could |
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Term
| Give two examples of contested illnesses. |
|
Definition
chronic fatigue syndrome
gulf coast syndrome |
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Term
| What is atrazine and how does it relate to breast cancer? |
|
Definition
| found in pesticides and shown to increase chances of breast cancer |
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Term
| How does high rates of breast cancer present a public health problem for babies? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do amphibians tell us a lot about pollutants in water? |
|
Definition
| exposed to environment their entire life |
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Term
| What did we learn about atrazine from Darnell (the frog)? |
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Definition
| can make males into females |
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Term
| How many Americans and Canadians die each year from cancer? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Who are Sandra Steingraber and Rachel Carson? Describe their activism. |
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Definition
| people outside of their field that fought against pesticed use due to bioaccumulation effects |
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Term
| Around what year were babies first born into an environment laden with DDT and other synthetic chemicals? |
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Definition
| BABY BOOM right after WWII |
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Term
| What is the relationship between synthetic home cleaning products, fertilizers/pesticides, and WWII? |
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Definition
| there was an over production in WWII and they pawned all the extra off on the publix to make their money back |
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Term
| Identify two specific issues that the environmental human rights movement does or should take on. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| significant change in measures of climate lasting for an extended period. Cimate change may result from natural or human caused factors |
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Term
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Definition
| average increase in the temp of atmosphere near the earths surface |
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Term
| Identify 5 indicators and consequences of climate change. |
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Definition
| CO2 concentration, Flobal Surface temp, arctic sea ice, land ice, sea levels |
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Term
| Explain how the Greenhouse Effect warms the earth’s surface temperature. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Today’s global atmospheric CO2 concentration is 395 ppm. |
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Definition
| Today’s global atmospheric CO2 concentration is 395 ppm. |
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Term
| USA emits what percent of world greenhouse gasses? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which sector (energy, international transport, ag, industry, or waste) emits the most greenhouse gas? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does it mean for a college to “divest” from dirty energy? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe climate change denial as described in “Hot in My Backyard (the NPR podcast) |
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Definition
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