Term
| 4 Noble Lies/ 4 Mechanisms of Government |
|
Definition
1. Nationalism (education/ pop culture)
2. Religion (God on money/ Under "oath"
3. Participation (primarys/ senators)
4. Constitutionalism (Use myths like "american war victory" or "revolted against Britain to build constitution up, and then be able to blame it when people are upset at policy!) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
One of the 4 noble lies of government to ensure power. It does so by having every feel "loyalty" to the country. It does this through
-Education, teaching us that way
-Media (like TV or movies) to make America look good
-Monuments to make people proud of america |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
One of the 4 Noble Lies of the government to ensure power over the people. It does so by presenting the image of GOD as a way to get people to follow govt. Does indirectly by
-Putting IN GOD WE TRUST on the money
-Making people make an oath to god in the courts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
One of the 4 Noble Lies that the govt uses to ensure power over the people. It uses participation by allowing the people to get somewhat involved in the decision making process, it means they can't get mad when it doesn't go their way. Examples of this are:
-people voting in primary elections
-people voting for house of reps/ senators |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
One of the 4 Noble Lies of Government to ensure power over its citizens. It does so by emulating myths about our countries founding document, and these myths protect those who make government decisions. By putting blame on constitution, it takes blame away from congress
These myths include
-The Revoluationary War was a huge American Victory! (no it wasn't it was a french one. No france, no constitution)
-The american revolution was a revolt against british terror (actually war only happened after founding fathers werent given representation in parliament. If British allowed American representation, Constitution most likely never occurs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
USE FOR QUESTION 2
It was written by james madison to ensure that states new that it would not take power away from states. An example of this would be when hes states how the state militias would always be able to beat the federal militias in a battle, leaving military power as a huge power left to the states |
|
|
Term
| Federalism power given to federal govt |
|
Definition
| The framers of the constitution strengthened the federal government through means of creating a filtration system. They allowed people to vote for the electors, but that was only the first layer in a 4 layer system of those elected to congress to select the president and other high end federal members. It allowed the federal government to run itself |
|
|
Term
| Federalism power left to states |
|
Definition
Use Federalist 46!
-An example would be the fact that state and federal powers would be separate, including separate militias. State militias would still have much more power than federal ones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
USE IN QUESTION 2
Stated how early on, there was what was known as dual federalism. According to peterson, dual federalism, or the idea that state and federal governments act independently of each other, was important to prevent any form of government dominating. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The type of federalism used early on. started in 1789, when state and national government acted independently of eachother. Peterson argued this was used to prevent any one type of govermnent from dominating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The idea of Federal and State governments working together to implement laws. Clear that Federal government trumps state government. |
|
|
Term
| Events that show Congressional Dominance during the 19th century (1800's) |
|
Definition
USE ARTICLE I (SECTION 8) TO SHOW THEIR POWER AT THE TIME (QUESTION 3)
Congress was seen as the dominant branch in the 19th century. This was mainly because of the fact of the power it held over the federal government as a whole, while the executive branch had little power. Examples of this are
-Missouri Compromise was a congress made deal
-The war of 1812 was mainly conducted by those in congress, not "commander in cheif" president at the time
-Many argue jefferson, lincoln, and jackson were only presidents that meant anything during this time period. |
|
|
Term
| What factors weakened congress at the end of 19th/ beginning of 20th century? |
|
Definition
The president became the "popular" branch, or that the presidents rise to power became congresses gain. The factors that lead to this were:
-Foreign policy required 1 figure head, empowered president as symbol
-The parties became weakened through direct primary elections, people had more of a say and connection to the president
*he became the popular branch, the branch of the people. Congress lost its power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
USE IN NUMBER 3
Article I of the constitution says the powers that congress has. It is a big reason the legislative branch dominated during the 19th century. Clearly much larger than other articles.
- Explicitly speaking, example of power is SECTION 8: Which states that congress has the power to lay taxes on the citizens, a huge power not seen by either of the other two branches |
|
|
Term
| Factors of Congressional Comeback |
|
Definition
1. Becoming more popular through national media. Being able to propose wanted congressional items to people
2. Organization of the government into many of subdivisions. This organization lead to a win for congress when it created the Office of technology. The office of Technology got to deny Ronald Reagan the space weapon system he desired. Saying no to the president was a huge win.
3. Sending money to incumbents. This helped people maintain office by giving money to help them be re elected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This was an organiation after congress organized during the 1960s. When president ronald reagan was told by this division the space spation defense system he wanted was impossible, it was a win for congress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a policy targets a congressmen's specific district |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of Pork Barrel spending. It is when you add a desired bill for a congressmen's district to a larger bill, creating federal spending for a district |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
USE FOR QUESTION 3!
According to Mayhew, everything congress does is for re-election. If earmarking can get their district a federal funded benefit, why wouldn't a congressmen do it. They have incentives to cheat the system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
USE FOR QUESTION 3
According to hibbing, Earmarking gives the public too much of what it wants. He believed public did not understand what the issues of congress were truly like. Earmarking, or making public make decisions, is bad! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
USE IN QUESTION 3
Friel Quoted John Mccain. John Mccain stated that "Earmarking was a form of corruption, by forcing congress to look at multiple bills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
USE FOR QUESTION 3
Stated some examples of bad earmarks, which included the 223 million dollar bridge to nowhere in alaska. If federal money is being spent on this, isnt it plausible it should be spent in other places? |
|
|
Term
| Constitutional presidential power |
|
Definition
Originally, President power was not what it is today. he was more seen as a Chief Clerk than a Chief officer he is today.
USE ARTICLE II of Constitution to talk about powers and lack there of |
|
|
Term
| ARTICLE II Of Constitution |
|
Definition
USE FOR QUESTION 4
the part of the constitution that gives the president his power. It was very limited compared to that of congress and article I. Article II had on 4 sections in it, and obvious his power was limited. It states in Article II that the president is selected by electors, however through the system of filtration, it is actually congress who decides who is truly elected to president. If congress had a say in who was president in addition to so many more responsibilites in article I compared to article II, it was clear that the president did not have the power he has today |
|
|
Term
| What made president rise to power in 19030s |
|
Definition
The power shift to the president was from the president become the popular branch, not congress. This was done by
1. New constituency with people (people got to vote for the president)
2. The Media prowess aiding the president
3. Institutionalized presidency (President was able to create programs to add to popularity)
*ALSO Foreign policy made president powerful |
|
|
Term
| Formal Powers of President |
|
Definition
Commander in Chief
Foreign Policy
Presidential Institutions (like social security) |
|
|
Term
| Institutionalized Presidency |
|
Definition
| FDR Created systems called bureaucracies. Because he said they were "temporary" and "for emergency," he was able to created executive branch organizations. A huge insert of federal government power |
|
|
Term
| Informal powers of president |
|
Definition
-Ability to persuade (NEUSTATD), or that get the public believe what he wanted was what they wanted
-Variable Skills (Jones) and being able to use his cabinet to make up for those skills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
USE FOR QUESTION 4
According the Neustatd, the presidents most powerful tool was his ability to persuade. He had to be able to make what he wanted what the public wanted! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
USE FOR QUESTION 4
Said that the president had the ability of variable skills. Which means he was able to be good at what he was good at, and then hire cabinet workers to be good at what he lacked. For example, if the president was really good at foreign policy but did not know a lot about conserving energy, he would appoint a cabinet member that did |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
USE FOR QUESTION 4
He stated the challenges Obama is going to face 2nd term, which are
-2nd term presidents are lame ducks, because even their own party is looking for a replacement
-congress is typically much harder to negotiate with 2nd term, so he must have to cooperate with the congress to get anything done |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
USE FOR QUESTION 4 (Amar loves obama)
Stated the opportunities that obama has for his 2nd term
-He is a young 2nd term, most presidents in 2nd term average to be 51 and are out of prime
-he cannot win, but he can help democrats become re elected. |
|
|
Term
| Obamas best chance at success |
|
Definition
| I beleive Obama's best chance at success is to rewrite his legacy by taking a big risk in getting something done. Currently he is viewed as a president who did not get very much done so far, but he can change that. Seeing as Clymer views him as a lame duck anyway, what does he have to lose? This may be a reason that he wants immigration bill to pass so much |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
USE IN QUESTION 4
Cavanaugh quoted president obama saying "the best is yet to come," and he must provide this to win his 2nd half of presidency. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organization set up for specific functions. Created by executive branch of government |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FDR wanted the democratic party to be the dominant party, by targetting aid to businesses and select minority groups. He did so by creating organizations to help these communities, starting the institutionalized presidential power by allowing the executive branch to make organizations! Because Bureaucracies were hard to be denied by congress, they were unstoppable for a long time. |
|
|
Term
| Fall of Bureaucracy and what it is today |
|
Definition
| Executive branch organizations rose to power for a long time until the 1960s. This changed when the view of government started to become negative, largely due in part of the draft. This lead people to believe that there was too much government interference in the world, which lead to bureaucracies becoming a main target for that. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
USE FOR QUESTION 5
The use for bureaucracies was one that was debated for a long period of time. Should the government be providing for citizens with organizations like that of social security?
According to Woodrow Wilson
-He said bureaucracies are important! but must be ran by professionals in order to seek the best results. This was the first proposal of privatization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The idea of a a private professional running a government funded business. |
|
|
Term
| Do today's modern bureaucracies play a significant role on policy formation? |
|
Definition
| No, due to privatization. With privatization, it has caused most efficient groups to be created. |
|
|
Term
| Advantages of Privatization |
|
Definition
USE THE CATO HANDBOOK
-Creates more efficiently ran and
higher quality bureaucracies (Cato Handbook)
-Provides services the people can rely on such as postal service and highways |
|
|
Term
| Disadvantages of Privatization |
|
Definition
-Bureaucracies are considered micro managers, they regulate to the last detail what an organization does
-JAMES WILSON Argues that a government run program cannot run like a true business, because government organizations try to maximize public interest, where as businesses seek profit. This leads to skewed expectations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
USE FOR QUESTION 5
-Argued that a disadvantage of bureaucracy was that it leads to skewed expectations. it cannot operate like a true business, by trying to maximize public want over profit.
-Also went onto say dismiss that bureacracies are micro managers, because companies such as mcdonalds have very strict rules for what every employee must do. |
|
|
Term
| Cato Handbook (Bureaucracy) |
|
Definition
USE FOR QUESTION 5
-stated advantages for privatization
-Creates more efficient and higher quality bureacracies
-provides services for people such as postal service and highway |
|
|
