Term
| grutter v bollinger found |
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Definition
| affirmative action at Michigan State Law School was: |
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Term
mcdonald v city of chicago;
what case did they get the ruling from? |
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Definition
ruled in favor of cities that handguns were permissible in the past, but supreme court reversed actions bc 2nd amendment protects rights to bear arms in a federal enclave (house);
District of Colombia v Heller |
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| who argued that the 14th amendment incorporates the bill of rights |
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Definition
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Term
| the establishment clause of the first amendment |
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Definition
| congress shall pass no law respecting an established religion; or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or avoiding the freedom of speech, or the press; |
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Term
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Definition
| all persons born in the us are citizens. No state shall abridge the privileges and immunities of US citizens; shall not deprive them of life, liberty, or property, w/o due process of law; or deny person of equal protection of laws |
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Term
| Gertz v Robet Welch, Incorporated, found |
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Definition
| difference between private and public individuals, and that private ones could recover damages from defamation |
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Term
| Owens v National banking co 1987 found |
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Definition
| loval press does not need to have actual malice for coverage, but press with wider geog. circulation are subject to actual malice |
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Term
| Rosanova v Playboy Enterprises, Inc. (1976, SD Ga) was about |
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Definition
| The plaintiff said that the defendant was a part of organizes crime, although he was never convicted of anything |
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Term
| Chafoulias v. Peterson, 642 N.W.2d 764 (Minn. Ct. App. 2002). found |
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Definition
| a "limited–purpose public figure" is an individual who voluntarily injects himself or is drawn into a particular public controversy and therefore becomes a public figure for a limited range of issues |
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Term
| OAO Alfa Bank v. Center for Public Integrity, 387 F. Supp. 2d 20 (D.D.C. 2005). found |
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Definition
Dealt with russians who were accused of being a part of organized crime;
found that they were "limited-pupose figures" since they had written articles and answered interviews |
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Term
| State ex rel. Suriano v. Gaughan, 198 W. Va. 339, 480 S.E.2d 548 (1996) |
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Definition
| physician who withdrew helping patients who were insured by the state and wrote letters to legislation refusing controlled physicians fees |
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Definition
| the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed |
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Definition
| made it a federal criminal offense to transport in interstate commerce certain types of firearms without registering them and paying a fee to obtain a registration stamp |
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Term
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Definition
| An Alabama law authorized teachers to set aside one minute at the start of each day for a moment of "silent meditation or voluntary prayer," and sometimes the teacher of the classroom asked upon a student to recite some prayers. |
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Term
| Wallace v. Jaffree; who reversed |
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Definition
| District Court for Alabama allowed the practices. The United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit reversed, holding the law unconstitutional. Had a clear "effort to return voluntary prayer" to the public schools |
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Term
| Brown v. Gwinnett County School District |
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Definition
| A public school teacher from Georgia brought an action against the state and the school district challenging the constitutionality of a statute requiring a period of quiet reflection in public schools GEORGIA |
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Term
| Brown v. Gwinnett County School District's lemon test results |
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Definition
| The Court felt that the moment of silence expressed a secular purpose and deliberately disclaimed a religious purpose. The Act amended the former version which provided for a moment of "silent prayer or meditation." by deleting the words "prayer or meditation" for the words "period of quiet reflection" |
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Term
| Doe v. School Board of Ouachita Parish |
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Definition
| purposefully deleted the word silent to allow prayer in schools in Louisiana |
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Definition
| found that if it didn't promote prayer, it could still mention it as an option. "Even if a statute specifies that a student may choose to pray silently during a quiet moment, the State has not thereby encouraged prayer over other specified alternatives" used as a guideline for states to implement a moment of silence VIRGINIA |
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Term
oklahoma permits those students and teachers who wish to do so to participate in voluntary prayer
true or false |
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Definition
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Term
| Croft v. Governor of Texas |
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Definition
| statute amended from shall to may after being elaborated in 2003 |
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Definition
| changed may to shall and said the moment of silence was constitutional bc it was vague and did not limit the thoughts of students during the moment ILLINOIS |
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Term
| McCollum v. Bd. Of Education |
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Definition
| made it illegal to practice religious instruction during school hours |
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Term
| Everson v. Bd. Of Education |
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Definition
| Justice black wrote Jefferson's words about the wall between church and state, but allowed travel reimbursements for parents traveling to private religious school and public schools |
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Term
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Definition
| students in NYC were permitted to leave during school off-period hours to practice religion. Justice Black wrote the opinion saying that the government being neutral did not meet they would accommodate religion |
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Definition
| New York state board of regents wrote a specific prayer, the court shut it down |
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Term
| School Dist. of Abington Township v. Schempp, |
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Definition
| Struck down a state law in Pennsylvania calling for both prayer and Bible reading in a daily devotional exercise at the beginning of each school day in which students were required to participate. used test similar to LEMON |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) have a secular legislative purpose and 2) that its principal or primary effect is neither to advance nor inhibit religion and 3) that it not foster an excessive governmental entanglement with religion |
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Term
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Definition
| Pennsylvania law authorizing the state to purchase specified “secular educational services” from nonpublic schools and to reimburse those schools for teacher’s salaries, textbooks, and other instructional materials used in secular subjects was unconstitutional. |
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Term
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Definition
| RI held a nativity scene in the city's shopping district. 5-4 decision found it didn't violate the first amendment. |
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Term
| Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches School District 1993 |
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Definition
| 9-0 supreme court struck down complete prohibition against after hours use of public schools by religious groups. Under Lemon, no problem, because the action had a secular purpose, did not have the principal or primary effect of advancing or inhibiting religion, and does not foster an excessive entanglement with religion. |
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