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Definition
| An election in which voters chose directly whether a particular proposal will become law |
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| The idea that no one should vote if their only reason for voting is that they whish to help their favored candidate win |
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| to be bound to a party by more than just an appeal to a candidate or platform |
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Definition
| an organized group of citizens that has as one of its goals ensuring the state follows certain policies |
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| benefits that can be given to some people and denied to others; organizations use these to build membership and avoid free riders. |
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Definition
| a political system where only one party is allowed to be active |
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Definition
| A democratic system in which two parties regularly recieve 90% or more of the votes cast |
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| a group of officials or would-be officials who are linked with a sizable group of citizens into an organization; the object of the organization is to ensure that its officials attain or maintain power |
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| the systematic stimulation of concerted efforts by large numbers of people, as in election or demonstrations. |
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| a political party system in which various parties are allowed to function openly with reasonable effectiveness but in which a single party nonetheless holds power all the time |
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Term
| single-member-district plurality |
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Definition
| an electoral system in which the state is divided in geographical subdivisions, each subdivision is represented by a single member in the legislature and the candidate who recieves a plurality wins the election |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of rules by which the outcomes of an election is determined from the distribution of votes cast by the electorate |
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Term
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Definition
an interest group, to make more of an impact with elected officials, may use them
support interests |
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Term
| proportional representation system |
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Definition
| an equal percentage representation. if 100 seats are available and a party gets 15% of the votes, they get 15 seats. |
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Term
| single-member-district electoral system |
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Definition
| whichever party has the most votes gets the seat for the district. |
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Term
Essay:
Explain the Iron Law of Oligarchy |
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Definition
| all forms of organization, regardless of how democratic they may be at the start, will eventually and inevitably develop oligarchic tendencies, thus making true democracy practically and theoretically impossible, especially in large groups and complex organizations. |
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Term
ESSAY:
Explain the Logic of Collective Action and how do groups address it? |
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Definition
by Mancur Olson
individuals are so fragmented and diverse that it is difficult for their collective interests to be represented in the public policymaking. That’s why it’s so darn hard for citizens to prevail against corporate lobbies, who tend to have the advantage in securing government favors, subsidies, legal entitlements, etc. |
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Term
ESSAY:
Define and Explain the Paradox of Voting and how political parties/states address it or solve it. |
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Definition
no one should vote if they are only voting to help a candidate win.
political parties address it by releasing advertising about importance of voting and they insistance that every vote counts.
States address it by confronting the paradox in schools and educational resources, pushing for voter registration, election education, socialization of democratic citizens.
majority of voters will vote for candidates because of the desire for that person/party to win, paradox makes no sense in common logic. |
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