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Political Science Test 2
A set of flash cards covering materia on Test 2 l in Poli Sci 1336
44
Political Studies
Undergraduate 2
10/17/2012

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Cards

Term
Socialization
Definition
“a process of social interaction by which people acquire the knowledge, attitudes, values, and behaviors essential for effective participation in society”
Term
Political socialization
Definition
The Process in which people acquire their political ideals essential for fulfilling ones civic duty.
Term
Generational effect
Definition
The impact of an important external event in shaping the views of a generation.
Term
Public opinion
Definition
The public's expressed views about an issue at a specific point in time.
Term
Straw poll
Definition
A poll conducted in an unscientific manner, used to predict election outcomes. An unofficial ballot conducted as a test of opinion.
Term
Random sample
Definition
A scientific method of selection for a poll in which each member of the population has an equal chance at being included in the sample.
Term
Quota sample
Definition
A method by which pollsters structure a sample so that it is representative of the characteristics of the target population.
Term
Stratified sample
Definition
A process of random sampling in which the national population is divided into fourths and representative counties and metropolitan statistical areas are selected as representative of the national population.
Term
Sampling error
Definition
A statistical calculation of the difference in results between a poll of a randomly drawn sample and a poll of the entire population.
Term
Push polls
Definition
A special type of poll that both provides information to campaigns about candidate strengths and weaknesses and attempts to skew public opinion about a candidate.
Term
GOTV
Definition
Get out the Vote
Term
General elections
Definition
An election that determines which candidates win the offices being sought.
Term
Primary Elections
Definition
A primary election is an election that narrows the field of candidates before an election for office.
Term
Open Primaries
Definition
A type of primary in which both parties' ballots are available in the voting booth, and the voters simply select one on which to register their preferences.
Term
Closed Primaries
Definition
A type of primary in which voting in a party's primary is limited to members of that party.
Term
Semi-open primaries
Definition
Term
Referendum
Definition
An election in which voters in a state can vote for or against a measure proposed by the state legislature
Term
Proposition
Definition
A proposed measure placed on the ballot in an initiative election.
Term
Initiative
Definition
A process that allows citizens to propose changes to the state constitution through the use of petitions signed by registered voters; Texas does not have these procedures at the state level.
Term
Recall
Definition
A special election in which voters can remove officeholders before their term is over
Term
Australian ballot
Definition
A secret ballot prepared by the government, distributed to all eligible voters, and, when balloting is completed, counted by government officials in an unbiased fashion, without corruption or regard to individual preferences.
Term
Absentee voting
Definition
The casting of a ballot in advance by mail in situations where illness, travel, or other circumstances prevent voters from voting in their precinct.
Term
Predictors of voting (4)
Definition
Age
Education
Income
Race
Term
Prospective voting
Definition
A method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views.
Term
Retrospective voting
Definition
A method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to support them based on their past performance.
Term
Political efficacy
Definition
citizens' trust and faith in government and their own belief that they can understand and influence political affairs, commonly measured by surveys and used as an indicator of the broader health of civil society. Feelings of efficacy are highly correlated with participation in social and political life, however studies have not shown any relationship between public confidence in government or political leaders and voting; efficacy usually increases with age and education. This whole answers is wrong trust me I just jotted something down.
Term
Motor voter
Definition
o DMV and voter registration in one (National Voter Registration Act 1993)
o Also allows registration at public assistance agencies
Term
Election day registration
Definition
o Elimination of the closing date
o You just register at the polls
Term
Same day registration
Definition
o Registering and voting before the election
o Example of North Carolina
Term
Closing date
Definition
Date by which one must register in order to vote in a given election
Term
New media
Definition
Cable television, the Internet, blogs, and satellite technology
Term
Framing
Definition
The process by which the media set a context that helps consumers understand important events and matters of shared interest.
Term
Priming
Definition
Bringing certain policies on issues to the public agenda through media coverage.
Term
Agenda setting
Definition
The media also help to shape the public agenda—public issues that most demand the attention of government officials. The media commonly influence the setting of the public agenda by priming—using their coverage to bring particular policies on issues to the public agenda.
Term
Selective exposure
Definition
A theory of communication, positing that individuals prefer exposure to arguments supporting their position over those supporting other positions, media consumers have more privileges to expose themselves to selected medium and media contents.
Term
Selective perception
Definition
describes how we categorize and interpret sensory information in a way that favors one category or interpretation over another. In other words selective perception is a form of bias because we interpret information in a way that is congruent with our existing values and beliefs. Psychologists believe this process occurs automatically.
Term
Motivated reasoning
Definition
confirmation bias taken to the next level. Motivated reasoning leads people to confirm what they already believe, while ignoring contrary data. But it also drives people to develop elaborate rationalizations to justify holding beliefs that logic and evidence have shown to be wrong. Motivated reasoning responds defensively to contrary evidence, actively discrediting such evidence or its source without logical or evidentiary justification.
Term
Yellow journalism
Definition
An irresponsible, sensationalist approach to news reporting, so named after the yellow ink used in the “Yellow Kid” cartoons in the New York World.
Term
Muckracking
Definition
Criticism and exposés of corruption in government and industry by journalists at the turn of the twentieth century.
Term
Telegenic
Definition
Having a physical appearance and exhibiting personal qualities that are deemed highly appealing to television viewers
Term
Digital divide
Definition
The inequality of access to computers and Internet connections.
Term
Blogosphere
Definition
A community, or social network, of bloggers.
Term
Effects of fake news media
Definition
Gateway Effect
Term
Gateway effect
Definition
The Treatment of political topics in entertainment-oriented programs helps make political information more cognitively accessible, or top of mind, to entertainment audiences. At the same time, it provides a basic level of understanding about politics, or a knowledge schema, which aids in the assimilation and interpretation of new political information.
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