Which of the following does government not do?

Guarantee an individual citizen's happiness.

Which of the following is most associated with contemporary liberals?

Strong support for social-welfare programs that help the poor.

The Declaration of Independence reflects the deepest values of the American political culture. (T/F)

True

The current government of Iran can best be classified as a:

theocracy.

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental principle of American democracy?

Minority rule and majority rights.

Americans who fall on the "extreme left" of the political spectrum are considered to be "extreme conservatives."

  (T/F)

False

Resolving conflicts such as who should receive various benefits such as wealth, status, health care, and higher education is the essence of:

politics.

According to the English philosopher John Locke, individuals are entitled to the rights of:

life, liberty, and property.

Natural rights are bestowed by governments.
(T/F)

There are currently around __________ illegal immigrants in the United States.

Individuals allowed into the United States because they face or are threatened with persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, or membership in a particular social group, or because of their political opinions are known as ____________________.

Today most foreign-born U.S. citizens come from countries that are part of___________________

Individuals born in the United States are American citizens, even if their parents are not, following the principle of ____________________________

Among those who argue against deporting everyone who has immigrated to the United States illegally are ___________________

businesspeople who enjoy the benefits of cheap labor.

Jus sanguinis is the legal principle that defines citizenship by the right by__________________

Government assurances that the rules will work smoothly and treat everyone fairly, with no promise of particular outcomes, are called __________________________

procedural guarantees.

The federal agency that now oversees the naturalization process is the U.S. ____________________________.

Citizenship and Immigration Services.

Citizens or subjects of other countries who come to the United States to live or work are known as____________________.

The legal process of acquiring citizenship for a person who was not born a U.S. citizen is known as __________________

The principle that power to govern rests with the people is also known as _____________________

In Federalist No. 10, James Madison warned against the dangers of _________________.

What did James Madison mean when he stated that the founders needed to "discover a republican remedy for those diseases most incident to republican government"?

Government had to contain the will of the people even though it was based on the will of the people

The Declaration of Independence was first and foremost a _______________________.

Ideas of political change and challenges to British ideology were largely a result of American acceptance of the political ideas of _____________________

The biggest winners under the Articles of Confederation were _____________________.

The delegates at the Constitutional Convention _________________________________.

met in secret to prevent opponents from organizing against their actions

____________ were more pervasive than owning property or paying taxes as a qualification for voting in the early days of colonial government.

Religious or moral qualifications

The founders adopted a federal system _________________________________.

as a compromise between those who wanted a strong central government and those who wanted to retain strong state governments

The delegates to the Constitutional Convention were ___________________________.

the most educated, powerful, and wealthy citizens of the new country

In a parliamentary system, the executive __________________________________.

is chosen by the legislature

The founders hoped that the Senate would be __________ the House of Representatives.

more stable than

Gibbons v. Ogden increased the power of the national government by interpreting the _______________________________________________.

commerce clause of the Constitution very broadly

All of the following comparisons between the president and senators are true EXCEPT ____________________________.

senators have always been chosen by direct election

The main debate at the Constitutional Convention about the powers of the executive branch focused on whether _________________________________________________.

to have a single-member or multi-member executive

Powers shared by the federal and state governments are _____________________.

known as concurrent powers

The official set of rules for who gets what, when, and how in America is contained in the ___________________________.

Constitution

In the United States, __________________________________________.

legislative, executive, and judicial powers are handled by separate institutions

The __________ is often used by Congress to justify its exercise of powers not specifically mentioned in Article I, Section 8.

necessary and proper clause

the other two branches would curb the possibly oppressive advances of each branch

According to the textbook, conflicts of rights often come down to conflicts _____________.

of power

The following statement is given at a political rally: "The U.S. government's policy toward the Middle East is responsible for the violence in the region." It is an example of what kind of speech?

The founders' opposition to prior restraint showed their commitment to ________________________________.

The Supreme Court recently ruled that the Second Amendment __________________________.

The Lemon test established that ______________________________.

there shall be no excessive entanglement of government and religion

The idea that language shapes behavior and, therefore, should be regulated to control its social effects is known as _________________________.

The Supreme Court has ruled that __________________________________.

public figures have less protection from the press than other members of the public

_____ is incorporation on a case-by-case basis.

Selective incorporation

Bills of attainder are laws _________________________________.

under which specific persons or groups are detained and sentenced without trial

According to the textbook, all of the following statements concerning rights are true EXCEPT

_________________________________.

rights involve the absence of power, not the creation of power

Which of the following is NOT constitutional?

Fulfilling quotas of minorities in school admissions

The Supreme Court designated race a suspect class in ____.

the 1950’s

The Supreme Court of ________ declared that marriage was a civil right and that banning same-sex marriage violated the state's equal protection and due process clauses.

Massachusetts

In Lawrence v. Texas, the Supreme Court ruled that _____________________________.

state sodomy laws were a violation of the right to privacy

The rights given blacks in the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments did not really help African Americans following the Civil War because _________________________.

Congress, president, and southern state governments made little effort to enforce them

What is the definition of affirmative action?

A policy of creating opportunities for members of certain groups as a substantive remedy for past discrimination

Laws that treat men and women differently are subject to _________________________.

an intermediate standard of review

What is the definition of strict scrutiny?

A heightened standard of review used by the Supreme Court to assess the constitutionality of laws that limit some freedoms or that make a suspect classification

Women gained the right to vote by a strategy of ________________________________.

gaining the right to vote in states where they had support and expanding their support

Congressional policy toward Native Americans has historically varied between ______________________________________________.

assimilating Native Americans into a European-based culture and encouraging independence and self-government

All of the following statements concerning direct lobbying are true EXCEPT

It is hard for interest groups to lobby the bureaucracy.

The likelihood that people with a shared interest will form a group is increased when each of the following occurs EXCEPT

The _______ role of interest groups is reflected in MADD's attempts to increase public awareness of problems related to drunk driving and to direct legislative attention to the issue.

agenda-building

The “revolving door” exists because

some of the most effective lobbyists are former government officials.

Interest groups perform all of the following roles in politics EXCEPT

electing members to public office.

Political action committees, or PACs, are

the fundraising arm for interest groups.

Critics of campaign finance reform use the activities of 527 groups in the 2004 election as proof that

campaign finance reform is ineffective because groups will always find loopholes that allow them to influence election campaigns

Americans

are much more likely to belong to groups than are citizens of other nations.

Even though their goal is to provide a collective good, public interest groups often struggle because they

are often vulnerable to the free rider problem and to disputes over whether some collective goods (like abortion or gun rights) are beneficial.

_____ are the type of interest group that is least likely to meet Madison’s definition of “factions.”

Public interest groups

In recent presidential elections, voter turnout has been

rising.

Typically the three important tasks of the presidential convention are to pick the presidential candidate,

select the vice presidential candidate, and write the party's platform.

A valence issue is an issue

on which most voters and candidates share the same position.

Wedge issues are controversial matters

that one party uses to split voters in the other party.

Politicians probably won't pass major electoral reforms that might increase participation, because current politicians

won in the current system and are concerned about whom the beneficiaries of such changes might be.

The single biggest factor accounting for how people decide to vote is

party identification.

_______ determine(s) how delegates are distributed by the primaries.

Party rules

_______ voting occurs when people base their voting decisions on well-informed opinions and consideration of the future consequences of their votes.

Prospective

Citizens’ feelings of effectiveness in political affairs is called

political efficacy.

The term "convention bump" refers to

the opinion poll spike that most candidates enjoy immediately after the convention.

makes it less likely that certain public concerns will be overlooked

One concern about question wording in polls is that the person being sampled will be unfamiliar with a subject and thereby ________________________________.

give responses based on cues picked up from the context of the interview or the question

_____ is the process by which majority opinion becomes exaggerated because minorities do not feel comfortable speaking out in opposition.

The spiral of silence

A plebiscite is _______________________.

a popular vote on national policy issues

The danger of majority tyranny in a democracy most likely would result from _______________________________.

majority rule without the tempering influence of debate and discussion

The relationship between sample size and sampling error is ______________________.

the larger the sample, the smaller will be the sampling error

Regarding tolerance, Americans are generally ____________________________.

supportive of general issues such as free speech but less supportive when asked to extend rights to unpopular groups

The gender gap is especially large on issues of _____________________________.

violence

Compared to other industrialized nations, the United States ranks _____ in voter participation.

near the bottom

Regarding the impact of the public in American national decision-making, the founders wanted ___________________________________________.

a system legitimated by the public but also protected from the possible dangers of the public's power

Which of these terms does not apply to the national government of the United States?