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1. information 2. common carrier 3. watchdog 4. convey public opinion |
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unspent funds that an incumbent can use for reelection |
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1. delegate 2. trustee 3. politico 4. sociological |
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negativity about Congress's ability to get things done, yet there are still high reelection rates for incumbents |
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large media networks that filter information down to the local news networks |
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legislation that brings money to the district and constituency |
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- warchest - travel - PAC support - franking privilege - media attention - experience - staff - gerrymandering - name recognition |
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- scandals - major, disruptive event or issue - strong challenger - change in voter turnout |
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permanent and legislative ex: Senate Armed Services Committee |
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temporary and legislative |
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permanent and legislative |
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temporary and non-legislative |
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- commander-in-chief - head of state - chief executive |
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the president is an administrator and isn't meant to deal with national problems (up until Teddy Roosevelt) |
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president should have a strong, assertive role confined only by the points specifically prohibited by the constitution (1901: Teddy Roosevelt) |
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- the period after the presidential primaries and before the conventions - time to "repair the party" and gain more money |
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presidential power (outside of the Constitution) |
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- power to appoint - the Cabinet - Executive Office of the President (1939) |
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ideological test to gauge someone's political stance |
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a judge agrees, but for a different reason |
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no clear majority because some of the opinions are concurring |
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media will attack politicians with questionable character or actions; this invasion of privacy is eliminating the line between their public and private life |
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- determines the terms for discussing a bill on the House floor - majority leadership decides who is on the committee - no Rules Committee in the Senate |
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tools of majority House leadership |
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- committee assignments - give access to the floor - whips |
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longest serving member of the majority party in the Senate |
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- "vote-counters" - persuade members to vote with them in order to get bills passed |
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1. cabinet 2. independent 3. regulatory 4. government corporation 5. presidential commission |
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sensational headlines to sell newspapers |
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why have longer terms for Senators |
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broader interests, slower and more detached from popular passions |
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why have shorter terms for Representatives |
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they are more majoritarianistic |
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idea that competitive elections have been disappearing |
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president wants to have his hand in every pot and be involved; not good for procedural legitimacy |
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first 100 days in office, president is given leniency from the media, and is expected to ride the campaign wave to get more done |
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1. judicial review 2. not supposed to have a political position 3. make decisions in isolation 4. legitimacy (precedent) |
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judicial opinion that goes further than asked, becoming policy |
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representative body and a lawmaking body |
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judiciary is least powerful branch because they cannot control their agenda |
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ways the judiciary is a political branch |
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1. they make policy (if their opinion goes further than asked) 2. they seek power (must be ambitious to get to SC) 3. represent constituency 4. must compromise and debate |
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-constitution -ideology -institutions (3 branches) -inputs (parties, lobbying, public opinion) -outputs (elections, policy) |
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