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| the process by which citizens develop the values, attitudes, beliefs, and opinions that enable them to support the political system |
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| refers to the democratic movements that spread across the middle east throughout 2011 |
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| three major methodological traditions or schools of thought |
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| traditionalism, behavioralism, and postbehavioralism |
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| "moral" or "value oriented". They seek answers to questions to determine if people with the governemnt as "acting as they should" |
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| look at the actual behavior of those in the political process and employ an empirical or data-driven approach |
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| hybrid between behavioralism and traditionalism |
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| The subfield of political science that examines different types of institutions and issues within different countries |
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| field of political science that studies the way nations interact with one another and the influence of global trends on nation-states |
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| The earliest greek philosophers that advocated employing greater rationality to reason through the important questions of the day |
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| Shifted Greek philosophy from the Universe to the individual. Otherwise known as, skeptics. They assumed that human beings are naturally power seeking and predisposed to the pursuit of self-interest. |
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| believed true happiness meant pursuing the "good life" which is attained when human conduct their lives in accordance with ethical principles derived from reason. He believed a successful political career required one to surrender core ethical principles. Wisdom is essentially an awareness of how little one knows. |
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| Plato wrote this book to highlight Scrates's teachings. He attempts to establish that a just behavior is innately superior to unjust behavior. He also divides humanity into three functioning groups. The craftspeople, the auxiliaries, and the guardians. Which is associated with, appetite, the spirit, and the rational. |
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| craftspeople and appetite |
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| auxiliaries and the spirit |
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| enforce laws of the state and defend the state |
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| guardians and the rational |
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| the ruling class. Only those who have reached "the good" should rule over society because they are a understanding of the ideal form of justice. |
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| a government in which the love of honor is the ruling principle |
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| the children of the ruling class of timocracy will form an oligarchy |
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| Philosophical Monarch/Aristocracy |
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| This is plato's idea of a truly just government |
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| Said the one attribute that separates humans from other animals is the ability to reason. He believes the highest form of happiness occurs when we fully immerse ourselves in politics because it is here in the community of polis that our thinking is elevated to the peak form of reasoning |
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| where many leaders administer the polititical system, could be first-rate if leaders pursue justice |
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| Theorized by aristotle that the majority pursue their self-interest and behave unjustly to minority factions |
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| Which group has seen an increase in membership since the 1960s |
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| - In late 1960's and early 1970's a crucial tide turned in the US. American pulled apart, community vitality weakened. He uses bowling as an example of how America's social capital is deteriorating. One reason for this is the movement of women into the labor force. |
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| Demystifying the Arab spring: parsing the differences between Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya |
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| The arab spring happened in 1919 as well. Tunisia's protests initiated the wave of unrest in the Arab world. Demonstrated the power of the country's labor movement. Egypt's army remains hostile to economic liberalization and private-sector growth. The pace of privatization and economic reform will be slow. Libya must restore security and introduce the law and order. It needs to form connections with its clans, provinces, and other countries to get it out of the "30s and 40s." |
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| He was the first comparative political scientist. Favored mixed government. |
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| believed politics is concerned with the real, not the ideal. Recognized the importance of the masses. Argued that ends justified means. |
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| Harold Lasswell's definition of politics |
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| "Politics is who gets what, when and how." This definition captures the connections between politics, economics and war. This means that politics determines what policies and goals the political system will pursue. |
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| explaining 'what is' through obervation. Seek an hypothesis then design a study to test the hypothesis. |
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| 'what ought to be.' Seeks to determine and prescribe values. |
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| Expressed the radical view that government is morally obliged to serve people, namely by protecting life, liberty, and property. He explained the principle of checks and balances to limit government power. He favored representative government and a rule of law. Locke was one of the most influential people in the writing of the declaration of independce. |
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| Wrote Walden Pond. He helped start transcendentalism. He wrote about the simplicity and unity of all things in nature, his faith in humanity. Life is wasted pursing wealth and following social customs. Created an American "state of mind" in which imagination was better than reason, creativity was better than theory, and action was better than contemplation. |
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| Represents most of Plato's major philosophical assumptions. The world revealed by our senses is not the real world but only a poor copy of it, and that the real world can only be apprehended intellectually. That a good society must be one in which the truly wise (the Philosopher-King) are the rulers. |
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| Machiavelli and animal comparision |
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| He says typically, humans use laws and animals use force. But since playing by the law often proves inadequate, it makes sense to resort to force as well. A successful ruler must be able exploit both the main and the beast in himself to the full. |
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| Hobbes on truth and human nature |
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| Hobbes's hated religious authority. Citizens never have duties to God that override their duty to obey political authority. Hobbes looks at human nature as mechanical objects that pursue their self-interest. He says motivation is caused by human greed and the urge to avoid a violent death. |
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| Hobbes versus Locke versus Rousseau on the state of nature and human nature |
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| Locke believed man is by nature a social animal and hobbes believes that society could not exist except by the power of the state. Rousseau believes man is corrupted by the artificiality of society and the growth of social interdependence. Locke believed that men have inherent rights and that if a ruler seeks absolute power kill him. However, Hobbes believes that you should shut up or be killed. You give up your rights to the state so you can live. Rousseau claimed that the state of nature was a primitive and brutish conditions that humans left for the benefits and necessity of cooperations. He argued that, by joining together into civil society through the social contract and abandoning their claims to natural right, individuals can both preserve themselves and yet remain free. |
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| Marx and Engels’ Communist Manifesto on history and the classes |
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| The bourgeois class, manufacturing class that took control of trade, created a new social class, called the proletariat "wage-laborers". The development of bourgeois industries causes a proportional deterioration in the condition of the proletariat. The only way to protect the proletariat is to abolish private property which means to abolish capitalism. He says, "Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communistic revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Working men of all countries, unit!" |
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| Political Science Subfields |
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| Comparative politics, international relations, political economy, political philosophy, american government |
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| Stanton’s Declaration of Sentiments and women in political theory |
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| Declaration of Sentiments was made famous at the first Woman's Rights Convention, held in Seneca Falls, New York, on 19-20 July 1848. It was drafted by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Outlined a series of grievances resulting from the disenfranchisement of women and proposed eleven resolutions arguing that women had the right to equality in all aspects of their lives, including the right to vote. Although it would be 72 years before women finally won the vote. The Seneca Falls Convention had set the wheels in motion. |
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| Civil Disobedience by Thoreau |
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| It criticizes American social institutions and policies, most prominently slavery and the Mexican-American War. He contends that people's first obligation is to do what they believe is right and not to follow the law dictated by the majority. By refusing to participate in the government's institutions your protest is preferable to advocating for reform from within government. A person is not obligated to devote his life to eliminating evils from the world, but he is obligated not to participate in such evils. |
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| Rousseau and Locke on slavery and property |
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| Locke believed that everyone has natural rights. Slavery goes against the right of life and liberty. However, the state goes against Locke when it tries to take away the people's "property." Rousseau believes in abandoning their natural rights to preserve themselves and yet remain free. They remain free because submission to the authority of the general will of the people as a whole guarantees individuals against being subordinated to the will of others. Rousseau links freedom with moral significance: our actions can only be made moral if those actions were done freely. In giving up our freedom we give up our morality and our humanity. He also objects to they slavery of prisoners of war. The sovereign only has authority over matters that are of public concern. All laws must ensure liberty and equality. States also need a government to exercise executive power, carrying out day-to-day business. While the sovereign exercises legislative power by means of the law. He believed Aristocracies to be the most stable. Believes the people should meet regularly and not elect representatives. |
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| In the Congo there are extremely dangerous mines with child laborers who are extracting minerals for our phones. Congo is one of the most mineral rich countries on the planet, however, there is no control. Often, the military leaders are in control of mineral rich areas and they are extracting these minerals for profit. There are a lot of children working in these mines. Dodd-Frank act was passed in 2010 that made every American publically listed company responsible for reporting if they were receiving any minerals from the Congo or the surrounding area. |
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