Authoritarianism

    anti- democratic political stance that favours placing political power in the hands of an elite group of a dictator

Bourgeoisie

For Marx, the social composed of modern capitalists, owners of the means of social production and employers of wage –labour. In general, the middle class in a capitalist society.

Class struggle

      in the modern period, conflict between the bourgeoisie (capitalist oppressors) and the proletariat (working oppressed).

Communism

        Ideology that upholds equality by demanding an end to private wealth and insisting on public ownership of property and means of production.

Democratic Socialism

ideology committed to popular, constitutional rule and the protection basic rights while maintaining that key aspects of economic life must be publicly owned or socially controlled, to ensure, to ensure an equitable distribution of the community’s wealth.

Dialectical change

major societal change arising from the clash of two opposing ideas ,forces, or social contradictions

Dictatorship of the proletariat

          rule, Sometimes coercive, by the overwhelming majority of workers in their own self interest       

Egalitarianism

 Political goal that stresses a belief in human equality, especially as it relates to social, political, and economic rights, and privileges; political thought that unites socialists and traditional communists.

Fabians

group of British intellectuals in the ninetieth and twentieth centuries committed to the gradual achievement of socialism.

Materialism

belief that a society’s economic structure is the underlying force behind all societal institutions, including law, politics, ethics, religion, philosophy, ideology and art.    

Mixed economy

an economy that is both privately and publicly controlled.

Proletariat

   class of modern wage labours.

Revisionists

 as related to socialism, adherents to an intellectual tradition that agrees with Karl Marx’s outlook but opts for a peaceful, evolutionary path to socialism led by Edward Bernstein.

Totalitarianism

         ideology that espouses the complete political, and social control of people and institutions by a dictatorial, single-party regime.

Utopia

      perfect political and social order.

Utopian socialists

nineteenth-century writers who stressed cooperation and the possibilities of using education to change the social and economic environments.

Welfare state

Society that provides social services to ensure better family life, health care, and housing; protection against unemployment and security in old age.