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| Created before the present day cultural landscape developed. |
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| Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas. |
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| Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities. |
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| An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state. |
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| Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory. |
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| A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly. |
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| Conference of Berlin (1884) |
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| Regulated European colonization and trade in Africa. (Scramble for Africa) |
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| Changing from colonial to independent status. |
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| The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government. |
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| Large areas from which multiple members are elected to legislature on a proportional basis. (gerrymandering = manipulation of electoral regions) |
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| A state with a long, narrow shape. |
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| An area surrounded by a country but not ruled by it.(Lesotho)/ part national territory separated from the main body of the country to which it belongs |
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| A war between ethnic groups often as a result of ethnic nationalism. |
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| ethnographic/cultural boundary |
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| Political boundary that separates different cultures. |
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| Power is shared between a central government and the governments of provinces. |
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| One that is purposely placed in the interior of a country to show government's desire to encourage more uniform development. |
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| A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory |
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| Straight lines that serve as political boundaries that are unrelated to physical and /or cultural differences |
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| (state) a state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea. |
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| a policy of imperialism rationalized as inevitable (as if granted by God); expansion |
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| A state that encompasses a very small land area. |
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| A state that encompasses a very small land area. |
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| a territory or country as political entity or a grouping of people who share real or imagined common history, culture, language or ethnic origin, often possessing or seeking its own government. |
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| A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality. |
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| natural/physical Boundary |
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| Major physical features such as deserts, mountain ranges, and/or water bodies that serve as a means of separation |
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| an Arctic territory in northern Canada created in 1999 and governed solely by the Inuit |
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| A state that completely surrounds another one. |
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| An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension. |
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| (Ukraine) The act of reassigning states |
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| Political division of an area into partially autonomous regions. |
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| Boundary that ceases to exist, however the imprint of the boundary still remains on the cultural landscape |
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| To cause (a group, party, state, or sect) to become unified again after being divided. |
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| A country that was formally independent but under heavy influence or control from another country. |
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| Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves. |
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| Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states. |
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| An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs. |
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| (After the culture has already developed) Boundaries that are created as a result of long-term processes |
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| Result of more powerful country dividing boundaries. |
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| (state) An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials. |
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