Bachelors and spinsters past marriageable age were often ridiculed and their status in the village community was inferior.
Definition
true
Term
A girl was considered to be more of an asset to her family than an economic liability.
Definition
false
Term
A lot of Polish peasants remained unmarried.
Definition
false
Term
It was very important to marry somebody of the same status.
Definition
true
Term
Parents of girls and young men were usually not involved in helping them find the right spouse.
Definition
false
Term
“Misalliance" was a marriage between people of different status and this status was defined solely by the ownership of land.
Definition
true
Term
A lot of young people married outsiders, as the village community encouraged it.
Definition
false
Term
Polish peasants used to get married very young (men: 18-23, and girls: 16-18).
Definition
false
Term
Daubing the house with dots of paint, placing potted flowers on the window sill, or hanging a wreath on the door were some ways of announcing that there was a marriageable girl in the house.
Definition
true
Term
Girls liked to show off their skills in decorating their houses as such abilities were required of future housewives.
Definition
false
Term
Mutual love between young people was a prevailing reason for getting married.
Definition
false
Term
There were usually eight parts of the wedding ceremony and they included: inquiry and proposal, betrothal, maiden evening, baking of the wedding cake, marriage ceremony, putting to bed, capping and removal.
Definition
true
Term
A lot of orations and toasts made during the ceremonies were old speeches memorized and handed down from generation to generation.
Definition
true
Term
Usually women served as matchmakers.
Definition
false
Term
During the wedding, singing was mostly done for amusement while dancing was ritualistic in character.
Definition
false
Term
Definition
true
Term
When matchmakers came to the girl’s house, they asked her parents directly if they had a girl of a marriageable age.
Definition
false
Term
Only girls received a dowry.
Definition
false
Term
Usually the girl received land as a dowry.
Definition
false
Term
During betrothal the young couple put their hands on a loaf of bread.
Definition
true
Term
The bride used to personally invite guests to her wedding.
Definition
true
Term
Korowaj, the principal wedding cake, was baked by all of the married women from the village.
Definition
false
Term
Korowaj was made without salt so the life of the young couple was sweet.
Definition
true
Term
Traditionally in Polish folk culture a wreath was a symbol of virginity.
Definition
true
Term
On the wedding day the groom and his party came to the bride’s house before the church ceremony.
Definition
true
Term
The parents blessed the young couple before they went to church.
Definition
true
Term
According to a superstition, if a man was the first person entering the bride’s home on the day of her wedding, her husband would rule the household.
Definition
true
Term
After the church ceremony the newlyweds were greeted at the bride’s home with bread, salt and vodka.
Definition
true
Term
If the guests wanted the newlyweds to kiss they would shout “sour, sour!”
Definition
false
Term
During the capping ceremony the bride was supposed to smile and show that she was very content that she had became a married woman.
Definition
false
Term
The capping ceremony always involved cutting off some of the bride’s hair.
Definition
false
Term
The traditional song used for the capping ceremony is about the hopvine.
Definition
true
Term
During the wedding ceremonies the bride was the center of attention, but immediately after the wedding her life often became very hard, as her mother-in-law ordered her around, and she was treated by her husband as his property.
Definition
true
Term
While wife beating was quite common, husband beating was very rare.
Definition
false
Term
Polish peasants often showed their affection for each other in public.
Definition
false
Term
According to the 2002 national census minorities in Poland constitute five percent of the whole population.
Definition
false
Term
Donald Tusk is a Belarusian.
Definition
false
Term
Poland recognizes national, ethnic and language minorities.
Definition
true
Term
Kashubians are considered a language minority.
Definition
true
Term
Tatars and Roma are considered national minorities.
Definition
false
Term
Before WWII the German minority in Poland was millions strong.
Definition
true
Term
Currently there are nine national minorities officially recognized in Poland.
Definition
true
Term
“Silesians” consider themselves German.
Definition
false
Term
“Regained Lands” was the term used by the Communists and it meant the lands awarded to Poland after WWII.
Definition
true
Term
The main industry in Upper Silesia has been coalmines and steelworks.
Definition
true
Term
According to the1931 census a quarter of citizens of Poland belonged to ethnic minorities.
Definition
false
Term
The Silesian nationality was not listed on the 2002 census.
Definition
false
Term
The number of Belarusians and Ukrainians as revealed by the 2002 census was lower than expected.
Definition
true
Term
Some Silesians believe that there are about a million of them living in Silesia.
Definition
true
Term
In the 2002 census 173,000 people identified themselves as Silesians.
Definition
true
Term
According to professor Jan Miodek, the “Silesian language” is an archaic form of the German language.
Definition
false
Term
During WWII, in 1943 and 1944, tens of thousands of Polish civilians were massacred by anti-Soviet Ukrainian fighters.
Definition
true
Term
Operation “Wisla” ("Vistula") was the expulsion of 140,000 Ukrainian people shortly after the war from the southern eastern part of Poland into distant parts of Poland and the USSR.
Definition
true
Term
The main reason for Operation “Wisla” ("Vistula") were the activities of the Ukrainian nationalist army.
Definition
true
Term
Until 1956 any restoration or conservation work on Orthodox or Greek Catholic sites was officially forbidden by the Polish communist government.
Definition
true
Term
The most well-known Solidarity poster uses the image of
Definition
an EKG image of a heartbeat
Term
The immediate reason for the workers’ strike in August of 1980 was:
Definition
the government’s announcement of increases in food prices
Term
The strike of August 1980 started in the Gdansk shipyard and spread to other factories and cities.
Definition
true
Term
The event that is widely recognized as the spark that led to the creation of Solidarity was
Definition
John Paul II’s pilgrimage to Poland in 1979
Term
In the eighth day of the strike the Polish communist government entered into negotiations with the striking workers which was
Definition
unheard of in the communist block
Term
The strike of August 1980 was a violent and bloody event.
Definition
false
Term
The decision made by Lane Kirkland, the president of AFL-CIO, to support the Polish workers was not supported by the Carter administration because
Definition
both of the above
Term
Over the period of 1980 – 1988 the AFL-CIO provided Polish “Solidarity” with over $4 million in aid and a lot of moral support. The money was spend mostly on printing presses and aiding the striking workers.
Definition
true
Term
The AFL-CIO was the only foreign labor union supporting “Solidarity”.
Definition
false
Term
The declaration of martial law on December 13, 1981 shows that the Polish government
Definition
acted under pressure from the Soviets to restore order in Poland
Term
“Samizdat” is a Russian word and it refers to:
Definition
manifestoes, protest letters, books and other material printed illegally in the communist states
Term
During martial law over 10,000 “Solidarity” activists were arrested, “Solidarity” was de-legalized and banned, a curfew was introduced, and a lot of civil freedoms were curtailed.
Definition
true
Term
During 1981 – 1988 the underground “Solidarity” printed books, newsletters and stamps and organized strikes and other forms of nonviolent protest, and some of the “Solidarity” leaders were in hiding.
Definition
true
Term
The strike of 1980 was the first major strike in Poland after WW 2.
Definition
false
Term
As a result of martial law and Kirkland’s urging, the Reagan administration imposed sanctions on Poland. Among the sanctions was calling in the Polish debt.
Definition
false
Term
The approach of the American administrations towards the situation in Poland in 1980-1988 can be best described as cautious and inconsistent.
Definition
true
Term
The main reasons which led to the Round Table Agreement in Poland were:
Definition
the very poor economic situation in the country and workers’ strikes
Term
In the semi-free elections of 1989 the “Solidarity”candidates won
Definition
all of the seats they could have potentially won in both of the houses except for one
Term
Among the 21 demands of the Gdansk workers that he government agreed to there were NO demands to:
Definition
abolish communism, cut off the economic ties with the Soviet Union and increase the paid maternity leave to two years
Term
Among the popular images on the posters created for the elections of July 4, 1989 were:
Definition
children, open windows, flowers and the “Solidarity” logo
Term
One of the causes of the outbreak of WW2 was Germany’s discontent with the terms imposed on them after WW1.
Definition
true
Term
The Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact was a non-aggression pact signed shortly before WW2 by Germany and the Soviet Union.
Definition
true
Term
The Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact had a secret protocol dividing Poland between Germany and the Soviet Union.
Definition
true
Term
Definition
false
Term
Definition
false
Term
Definition
true
Term
At the beginning of October, 1939 Poland was officially conquered by Germany.
Definition
true
Term
The ethnic Poles were treated by Nazi Germany as “racial enemies” as they were not of Aryan race
Definition
true
Term
Definition
false
Term
Definition
false
Term
Definition
false
Term
In the first year of the German occupation of Poland the people targeted for extermination were Polish intellectuals and members of the clergy.
Definition
true
Term
During WW2 close to six million of the Polish citizens died. Half of them were Polish Jews.
Definition
true
Term
Definition
false
Term
Most of the Jews who died during WW2 were civilians killed by Nazis in acts of retaliation for the actions of the Polish underground.
Definition
false
Term
Aiding of a Jew in Nazi-occupied Poland during WW2 was punishable by death.
Definition
true
Term
Approximately 1.5 million Poles were forcibly taken to Germany to work there.
Definition
true
Term
“The Katyn Massacre” refers to over 15 thousand of Polish officers executed by the Soviets in 1940 in Katyn, Starobielsk and Ostaszkow.
Definition
true
Term
Definition
true
Term
During WW2 approximately million of ethnic Poles were expelled from their home to create room for German settlers.
Definition
true
Term
Definition
true
Term
Definition
true
Term
Definition
false
Term
Definition
true
Term
During WW2 Poland did not have a strong underground movement.
Definition
false
Term
During WW2 Poles fought the Nazis all over Europe, in Northern Africa and in the Middle East.
Definition
true
Term
The participation of Polish troops in the Battle of Monte Cassino played a decisive role in the outcome of this battle.
Definition
true
Term
Definition
false
Term
During most of WW2 the Polish Government in Exile operated from London, England. This government existed till 1990.
Definition
true
Term
During WW2 two Polish armies were formed in the Soviet Union.
Definition
true
Term
Definition
true
Term
Father Kolbe was arrested by the Gestapo because he was helping Jews.
Definition
true
Term
There were hardly any Catholic priests at the Auschwitz camp.
Definition
false
Term
Father Kolbe was selected by the camp’s guards to be executed.
Definition
f
Term
According to Mr. Tyndorf, before WWII Father Maximilian Kolbe was a well-known anti-Semite.
Definition
f
Term
According to Prof. Deak, before WWII Father Maximilian Kolbe was not an anti-Semite.
Definition
f
Term
According to Prof. Deak during WWII some Poles helped the Germans hunt down Jews.
Definition
t
Term
According to Prof. Deak during WWII some Jews became members of the Soviet or Polish Communist police and hunted down Christian Poles.
Definition
t
Term
Prof. Deak thinks that there is no hope for a mutual understanding between Poles and Jews.
Definition
f
Term
Krakow has a small Jewish community, but a vibrant Jewish culture.
Definition
t
Term
Joachim Russek says that for half of his life he knew more about Jews than about American Indians.
Definition
f
Term
The word “klezmer” is usually used when describing Jewish food.
Definition
f
Term
Krakow has only one Jewish-style restaurant.
Definition
f
Term
During the Holocaust eighty percent of Polish Jews were murdered.
Definition
f
Term
In Krakow one can learn Hebrew but not Yiddish.
Definition
f
Term
According to Konstanty Gebert, the enthusiasm among some Poles about reviving Poland's Jewish heritage is motivated mostly by guilt.
Definition
f
Term
All together about 25,000 Jews and people of Jewish decent lived in Poland in 2005.
Definition
t
Term
Preservation of the Jewish heritage in Poland depends mostly on Jews.
Definition
f
Term
The election of John Paul II in 1978 strengthened the Polish Communist government.
Definition
f
Term
Before 1989 Polish Catholics felt united in their opposition to Communism.
Definition
t
Term
After 1989 a lack of unity in the Polish Catholic Church became apparent.
Definition
t
Term
After 1989 one fraction of the Church considered the Church a moral victor and attempted to have a major impact on state institutions.
Definition
t
Term
John Paul II played an important role in mitigating conflicts within the Church in Poland.
Definition
t
Term
Many Poles decided to support Poland’s integration into the European Union only after John Paul II gave it his approval
Definition
t
Term
Radio Maryja attracts very open-minded and liberal Catholics.
Definition
f
Term
Karol Wojtyla started his life in the Church in a clandestine study group in Krakow during WWII.
Definition
t
Term
During WWII the future John Paul II worked in a factory.
Definition
t
Term
John Paul II was known for being progressive in matters of marriage and sex.
Definition
f
Term
According to Lech Walesa, John Paul II was 30 percent responsible for the fall of Communism.
Definition
f
Term
Archbishop Wielgus had to resign as it was proven that he harmed a lot of people while he cooperated with the security police during the time of communism.
Definition
f
Term
Germany attacks Poland in WW2 on
Definition
September 1, 1939
Term
Poland officially surrenders in WW2 on
Definition
September 27, 1939
Term
The Soviet Union attacks Poland on
Definition
September 17, 1939
Term
The”Blizkrieg” campaignof September 1939
Polish forces :
German forces:
tanks, planes, military casualties, wounded
Definition
Polish Forces:
Tanks: 150
Planes: 400
Military casualties: 60,000 dead, 140,000 wounded
Also: many civilians dead and wounded
German Forces:
Tanks: 2,600
Planes: 2,000
Military Casualties: 50,000 dead and wounded
Term
Over ______________ Polish citizens (one fifth of the population) died during WW2
Definition
6,000,000
Term
How many were deported by the Soviets in 1940-41 to Siberia and Kazakhstan
Definition
(estimated 1.5 million)
Term
How many were killed by the Soviets in Katyn Forest and in nearby villages
Definition
(4,321) and (15,000)
Term
The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising: started:
Definition
April 19,1943, lasted for three weeks
7,000 Jewish fighters were killed
6,000 fighters were deliberately burned to death
56,000 Jewish prisoners were transported to the death camp at Treblinka
Term
The Warsaw Uprising:
Definition
August 1 -October 2, 1944
20,000soldiers of “Home Army” were killed
225,000 civilians were killed
Remaining 700,000 citizens of Warsawwere evacuated
93% of the buildings in Warsaw were destroyed on Hitler’s order (Warsaw was to be “razed without trace”)
Term
Enigma
Definition
The machine has become notorious because Polish mathematicians-cryptographers and then Allied cryptographers were able to cryptanalyze, and thus decrypt, a vast number of messages which had been enciphered using the Enigma. The intelligence gleaned from this source, codenamed ULTRA by the British, was a substantial aid to the Allied war effort. The exact influence of ULTRA is debated, but an oft-repeated assessment is that decryption of German ciphers hastened the end of the European war by two years.[3][4][5]
Though the Enigma cipher had cryptographic weaknesses, in practice it was only in combination with other factors (procedural flaws, operator mistakes, occasional captured hardware and key tables, etc.) that those weaknesses allowed Allied cryptographers to cryptanalyze so many messages.[6]
Term
Yalta
Definition
he leaders of the United States, the Soviet Union and Great Britain made decisions about future of Europe at the conferences in Yalta in February 1945, and
in Potsdam in July - August 1945.
Among others, they agreed on the new Polish borders and the Soviet control over Poland, and on the expulsion of Germans from Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary.
Term
AK
Definition
armia krajowa, Home Army, resistance movement in part of Poland occupied by Germany.Participated in the Warsaw uprising (or started it). In 1944 had about 400 K ppl making it the largest resistance movement.
Term
KOR
Definition
committe for Defense of Workers, a Polish civil society group that emerged under communist rule to give aid to prisoners detained after labor strikes in 1976 and their families. KOR was a strong example of successful organizing related to specific issues relevant in the public's daily lives, a precursor and inspiration to efforts of Solidarity a few years later.
Term
katyn massacre
Definition
The Katyn massacre, also known as the Katyn Forest massacre (Polish: zbrodnia katyńska, 'Katyń crime'), was a mass murder of thousands of Polish military officers, policemen, intellectualsprisoners of war by Soviet NKVD, based on a proposal from Lavrentiy Beria to execute all members of the Polish Officer Corps. Dated March 5, 1940, this official document was then approved (signed) by the entire Soviet Politburo including Stalin and Beria. The number of victims is estimated at about 22,000, the most commonly cited number being 21,768. The victims were murdered in the Katyn forest in Russia, the Kalinin (Tver) and Kharkov prisons and elsewhere.officers taken prisoner during the 1939 Soviet invasion of Poland, the rest being Poles arrested for allegedly being "intelligence agents, gendarmes, saboteurs, landowners, factory owners, lawyers, priests, and officials."conscription system required every unexempted university graduate to become a reserve officer,[6] the Soviets were able to round up much of the Polish intelligentsia, and the Jewish, Ukrainian, Georgian and Belarusian and civilian About 8,000 were Since Poland's intelligentsia of Polish citizenship.
Term
PRL
Definition
Peoples Republic of Poland-- The People's Republic of Poland or Polish People's Republic (Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) was the official name of Communist Poland from 1952 to 1989 inclusively.
Term
PZPR-
Definition
Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza or the Polish United workers' party, was the Communist party which governed the People's Republic of Poland from 1948 to 1989. It was based on Marxist and Leninist philosophical theories. For most intents and purposes it was controlled by Moscow.
Term
Nowa Huta
Definition
steelworks and a city (now: a district of Krakow)
built in the 50s
On July 22, 1954 the Vladimir Lenin Steelworks was opened and in less than 20 years the factory became the biggest steel mill in Poland. In the 1960s the city grew rapidly. The monumental architecture of the Central Square (Plac Centralny) was surrounded by huge blocks of flats. In the 1970s the steel production reached 7 millions tonnes of steel yearly. At the same time the biggest tobacco factory in Poland was opened there and a huge cement factory.
Term
Stalin's death
Definition
1953
Term
workers' revolt in Poznan (74 people dead)
Definition
june 1956
Term
march 1968
Definition
students' revolt; anti-Semitic purge in the party
40 thousands of Polish Jews leave Poland
Term
Dec 1970
Definition
workers' revolt in Gdansk (44 people dead)
Edward Gierek elected first secretary of PZPR
Term
1976
Definition
strikes in Radom and Ursus (2 people dead, 2500 detained)
Workers went on strike, but intellectuals come to help: establishment of KOR: The Committee for the Defense of the Workers, (1976)
The protests took place after Prime Minister revealed the plan for an increase in the price of many basic commodities, particularly foodstuffs (butter by 33%, meat by 70%, and sugar by 100%)
Term
1980, August
Definition
workers' revolt in Gdansk
strikes all over Poland
list of 21 demands
Term
Lech Walesa
Definition
Nobel Peace Prize in 1983
is a Polish politician and a former trade union and human rights activist. He co-founded Solidarity (Solidarność), the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland from 1990 to 1995.[1]
Term
Dec. 13, 1981
Definition
martial law, ("Wujek" coal mine - 9 strikers dead)-- The WRON declared Martial Law to "defend socialism". They felt threatened by the members of the first independent trade union behind the Iron Curtin - the Solidarity (Solidarnosc). The Solidarity had been founded only 18 months earlier, in August of 1980 after several weeks of strikes. The workers had gone on strike to protest poor living conditions and lack of independent representation.
Term
April, 1989
Definition
Round Table Discussion,
Semi-free parliamentary elections of June 1989
(Sejm: 65% of the seats had to go to the communists while35% were allowed to go to others)
Senate: free elections
An agreement ("Round Table Agreement") was signed on April 4, 1989. The most important postulates, including those reflected in the April Novelization, were:
* Legalisation of independent trade unions * The introduction of the office of President (thereby annulling the power of the Communist party general secretary) who would be elected to 6-year terms * The formation of a Senate
Term
The newest Polish Constitution
Definition
1997
Term
Poland admitted to NATO
Definition
april 99
Term
Poland admitted to the EU
Definition
may 1 2004
Term
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
Definition
an agreement officially titled the Treaty of Non-aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and signed in Moscow in the early hours of August 24, 1939. The agreement renounced warfare between the two countries and pledged neutrality by either party if the other were attacked by a third party.In exchange, the Soviet Union helped Nazi Germany attack Poland. After Poland fell, the country was split between the Nazis and the Soviets.
Term
samizdat
Definition
was the clandestine copying and distribution of government-suppressed literature or other media in Soviet-bloc countries. Copies were made a few at a time, and those who received a copy would be expected to make more copies. This was often done by handwriting or typing.
Term
klezmer music
Definition
is a musical tradition which parallels Hasidic and Ashkenazic Judaism. they draw on devotional traditions extending back into Biblical times, and their musical legacy of klezmer continues to evolve today. The repertoire is largely dance songs for weddings and other celebrations. Due to the Ashkenazi lineage of this music, the lyrics, terminology and song titles are typically in Yiddish.v
Term
yiddish
Definition
is a non-territorial High German language of Jewish origin, spoken throughout the world. Unlike other Germanic languages, Yiddish is written with the Hebrew alphabet as opposed to a Latin alphabet.
Term
Janusz Korczak
Definition
he stayed with a group of orphans during the holocaust, and probably died with them
Term
zegota
Definition
a codename for the Council to Aid Jews (Rada Pomocy Żydom), an underground organization in German-occupied Poland from 1942 to 1945. It operated under the auspices of the Polish Government in Exile through the Government Delegation for Poland, in Warsaw. Żegota's express purpose was to aid the country's Jews and find places of safety for them in occupied Poland. Poland was the only country in occupied Europe where there existed such a dedicated secret organization.
Term
czestochowa
Definition
is a city in south Poland on the Warta River with 248,894 inhabitants (2004). It has been situated in the Silesian Voivodeship (administrative division) since 1999, and was previously the capital of Częstochowa Voivodeship (1975-1998). However, Czestochowa historically is part of Lesser Poland, not of Silesia and before 1795 (see: Partitions of Poland), it had belonged to the Kraków Voivodeship.
The town is known for the famous Pauline monastery of Jasna Góra that is the home of the Black Madonna painting, a shrine to the Virgin Mary. Every year, millions of pilgrims from all over the world come to Częstochowa to see it.
Term
greek catholic church
Definition
is a term which refers to the Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine (Constantinopolitan) liturgical tradition. It can also refer to the Roman Catholic Church in Greece.
Term
Maximilian Maria Kolbe
Definition
volunteered to die in place of a stranger in the Nazi concentration camp of Auschwitz in Poland. He was canonized by the Catholic Church as Saint Maximilian Kolbe on 10 October 1982 by Pope John Paul II, and declared a martyr of charity. He is the patron saint of drug addicts, political prisoners, families, journalists, prisoners and the pro-life movement. Pope John Paul II declared him "The Patron Saint of Our Difficult Century"
Term
gorzko
Definition
is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przemęt, within Wolsztyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.[1]
Term
May 8/9 1945
Definition
germany surrendurs
Term
black madonna
Definition
The Black Madonna of Częstochowa (Czarna Madonna or Matka Boska Częstochowska in Polish, Imago thaumaturga Beatae Virginis Mariae Immaculatae Conceptae, in Claro Monte in Latin, Ченстоховская икона Божией Матери in Church Slavonic) is a holy icon of the Virgin Mary, that is both Poland's holiest relic and one of the country's national symbols.[image]
[image]
Term
wawel
Definition
Wawel is an outcrop on the left bank of the Vistula River in Kraków, Poland, at an altitude of 228 metres above the sea level.[1] This is a place of great significance for the Polish people. The Royal Castle with an armoury and the Cathedral are situated on the hill. Polish Royalty and many distinguished Poles are interred in the Wawel Cathedral. Royal coronations took place there also.
Term
1. Peasant woman are expected to marry men with what sort of social/economic status?
The same level as the woman
Higher status than the woman
Lower status than the woman
Both A and B
Definition
The same level as the woman
Term
Why would a peasant woman normally seek marriage outside of her village in the city?
A. She has a good reputation in her village
B. She has a bad reputation in her village
C. She knows that men prefer to marry outsiders
D. None of the above
Definition
B. She has a bad reputation in her village
Term
Polish peasant siblings usually marry in what order?
A. Boys than girls
B. Youngest to oldest
C. Oldest to youngest
D. There is no order
Definition
C. Oldest to youngest
Term
As a general rule peasant Polish boys do not marry before the age of ____ and peasant Polish girls marry between ____ and ____.
A. 30, 15, 18
B. 20, 18, 30
C. 23, 17, 20
D. 17, 20, 25
Definition
C. 23, 17, 20
Term
The peasant parents of a marriageable girl often announce their readiness to bestow her hand by means of all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Daubing the cottage with dots of paint
B. Placing potted flowers on the window sill
C. Hanging a wreath on the door
D. Holding a party in the girl’s honor
Definition
D. Holding a party in the girl’s honor
Term
The “wystawic sie” is usually intended to announce the marriage ability of what type of man?
A. Wealthy
B. Deformed or crippled
C. A Soldier
D. Any man of age
Definition
B. Deformed or crippled
Term
In a small village the ________ conveys the marriage proposal.
A. Man
B. Woman
C. Matchmaker
D. Parents
Definition
C. Matchmaker
Term
2) Marie Curie won two Nobel Prizes in: a) Biology and Chemistry b) Chemistry and Physics c) Biology and Physics
Definition
b) Chemistry and Physics
Term
6) What two elements did Marie Curie discover?: a) Polonium and Radium b) Uranium and Plutonium c) Radon and Cesium
Definition
a) Polonium and Radium
Term
8) What did Marie Curie die from?: a)Prolonged exposure to radiation b)Street accident c)Influenza
Definition
a)Prolonged exposure to radiation
Term
10) When Marie Curie was 24 years old, where did she go to study Math, Physics, and Chemistry?: a)Krakow, Poland b)Detroit, Michigan c)Paris, France
Definition
c)Paris, France
Term
When the bride and groom arrive at their new home they are greeted with ________ so that their life may be sweet?
Definition
bread, vodka, and salt
Term
When a girl in Poland receives land, either as part of her dowry or by inheritance, it remains hers for how long?
Definition
For life
Term
In the home circle if a girl allows herself to accept a drink from a suitor or a go-between it is a sign that she?
Definition
consents
Term
The matchmaker or "proposer" in Polish culture is sometimes called a what?
Definition
Raj or Dzieoslab
Term
True or False it is not customary for Polish peasant males to marry young?
Definition
f
Term
Traditional peasant Polish marriage partners are usually selected from within the village they live. True or False?
Definition
t
Term
Who was the main leader of Solidarity?
a.Lech Walesa
b.Janusz Korczak
c.Aleksander Kwasniewski
Definition
a.Lech Walesa
Term
Who wrote the poem/ song "Mury"
a.Magdalena Abakanowicz
b.Jacek Kaczmarski
c.Wilhelm Sasnal
Definition
Jacek Kaczmarski
Term
What does "gorzko" means in Poland?
a.sweet
b.salty
c.bitter
Definition
c.bitter
Term
Tadeusz Borowski was the author of which famous piece of literature
a.This Way to the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen
b.Pigtail
c. The One from Hamburg
Definition
a.This Way to the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen
Term
What was "Zegota"
a. Polish Anti-Communist Movement
b.The Council to Aid Jews
c.Famous Polish painting ,destroyed by the Germans
Definition
b.The Council to Aid Jews
Term
____________ gave his life for another prisoner at Auschwits.
A.) Lech Walesa
B.) Maximilian Maria Kolbe
C.) Marie curie
D.) Pope John Paul
Definition
B.) Maximilian Maria Kolbe
Term
Around 1600 what percentage of population was considered non polish?
25%
60%
5%
80%
Definition
60%
Term
In the late 19th century ____ of the world Jewry lived in lands of partitioned Poland.
Four-fifth
One third
One half
None
Definition
Four-fifth
Term
The _______________________ was created in 1596 after accepting the pope as the head of their church.
A. The Roman Catholic Church
B. Coptic Catholic Church
C. Greek Catholic Church
D. Armenian Catholic Church
Definition
B. Coptic Catholic Church
Term
The song Rota was a song against:
Russia
United States
France
Germany
Definition
Germany
Term
Removal of the bride to the grooms home (known as przenosiny) is typically the last act in the marriage ceremony.
Definition
t
Term
In peasant Poland marriage is regarded as a
a) sin b) bad thing c) holy duty d) a and b
Definition
c) holy duty
Term
Marrying to someone within the community is considered
a) bad thing in peasant poland b) unusual for peasant poland
c) typical for peasant poland d) a and b
Definition
c) typical for peasant poland
Term
1. During betrothal the young couple put their hands on what?
a. bible
b. loaf of bread
c. sword
d. stove
Definition
b. loaf of bread
Term
2. In times of a wedding, korowaj was made without what to ensure sweetness in the life of the young couple?
a. sugar
b. lemon
c. salt
d. yeast
Definition
c. salt
Term
3. In the first year of German occupation in Poland, the people targeted for extermination were whom?
a. Members of the clergy
b. Polish intellects
c. Polish peasant
d. both A and B
Definition
d. both A and B
Term
4. What massacre refers to over 15 thousand of Polish officers executed by the Soviets in 1940 in Katyn, Starobielsk and Ostaszkow.
a. Katyn Massacre
b. Starobielsk Massacre
c. Ostaszkow Massacre
d. 1940 Massacre
Definition
a. Katyn Massacre
Term
5.Old churches and chapels made of wood in Poland are most famous where?
a. Nothern Poland
b. Eastern Poland
c. Southern Poland
d. Western Poland
Definition
c. Southern Poland
Term
"Misalliance" was a marriage between people of different status and this status was defined solely by what?
Definition
Term
Who was mainly responsible for inviting guests to their wedding in Poland?
a. The Groom
b. The Bride
c. The parents of the groom
d. The parents of the bride
Definition
b. The Bride
Term
The Name of the castaway characters in the play "Out to Sea" were what?
a. Charlie, Saul, Peter
b. Thin Castaway, Medium Castaway, Fat Castaway
c. Tall Castaway, Short Castaway, Tiny Castaway
d. Both A and B
Definition
b. Thin Castaway, Medium Castaway, Fat Castaway
Term
In Poland, 2002 national census put minorities at 1, but what do minorities’ organizations say the actual percentage is?
3
15
9
5
Definition
5
Term
Who was a solidarity leader, former political prisoner, and strong supporter for National and Ethnic Minorities Bill who unfortunately died before it passed?
Donald Tusk
Jacek Kuron
Jerzy Czerwinski
Jan Miodek
Definition
Jacek Kuron
Term
true or False?
The National and Ethnic Minorities Bill grants ethnic minorities several rights that haven’t been secured by several other acts of law, including the Polish constitution.
Definition
f
Term
The National and Ethnic Minorities Bill defines a “national minority” as a community that has lived in Poland for at least ____ years and is part of a nation that has its own state.
50
10
100
5
Definition
c
Term
According to the 2002 Poland census, which groups is the largest ethnic minority?
Germans
Roma
Belarusians
Ukrainians
Definition
b
Term
Linguists consider Silesian a dialect of:
Polish
German
Russian
Spanish
Definition
a
Term
The Event known to have sparked "Solidarity" was the Pilgrimage of John Paul II to Poland in 1979. True or False?
Definition
t
Term
During 1981-1988 the underground "solidarity" printed books, newsletters, and stamps to create violence in Poland. True or False?
Definition
f
Term
In 1956, "The Thaw" was in reference to what?
Definition
A: political changes after Stalin's death
Term
The polka was originated in Poland. True or False?
Definition
f
Term
The Polka is one of Poland's "National Dances". True or False?
Definition
f
Term
WWII was a big turning point for the polka and it became recognized as a symbol of Polish identity in the United States. True or false?
Definition
t
Term
Polka festivals take place all across the U.S. and are held by the United States Polka Association. True or False?
Definition
t
Term
The costumes that dancers wear are representative of different regions of Poland. True or False?
Definition
t
Term
It is popular to go out dancing on the weekends in Poland, to relax and unwind from the week.True or False?
Definition
t
Term
Dancing in Poland is similar to dancing in the U.S. in that couples dance close together in a "grinding" fashion. True or False?
Definition
f
Term
7)Kasha is what..
a) peas
b)cake
c)buckwheat
d) gravy
Definition
c)buckwheat
Term
8) ___________ is one of the most important wedding rites.
a) the baking of the cake.
b)The Dowry Exchange
c) the land Purchase
d) flower exchange.
Definition
a) the baking of the cake.
Term
9) The mother and the ________ prepare dough for the wedding cake the day before the ceremony.
a) the women of the village.
b)the daughters
c) the godmother
d) the aunts
Definition
a) the women of the village.
Term
10.) The bottom of the wedding cake is made of rye and served to whom?
a) the musicians.
b) kids of the village
c) strangers
d) the ushers.
Definition
a) the musicians.
Term
11) "Druzka" is the made of honor. T/F?
Definition
t
Term
12) The first guest is a sign for and determines what...
a) the lasting of the marriage
b) Who rules the household.
c) the length of the ceremony
d) the success of the ceremony.
Definition
b) Who rules the household.
Term
what is the life expectancy of Poland?
1. 79
2. 74
3. 76
4.78
Definition
74
Term
What desert is in the southern part of Poland in the Silesian Voivodeship?
1. Sahara
2. Bledow
3. Namib
4. Kalahari
Definition
2. Bledow
Term
when was Joanna Rajkowska born?
Definition
1968
Term
Where wasJoanna Rajkowska born?
Definition
Bygoszez
Term
What did Joanna Rajkowska construt and where was it located?
Definition
Joanna Rajkowska constructed a palm tree and put it in the street in the middle of Warsaw.
Term
what is the name of the street this palm tree was constrcted in?
Definition
Jerusalem Avenue.
Term
Jews in Poland are __________________ Jews.
Sephardic
Ashkenazi
Yiddish
Hebrew
Definition
Ashkenazi
Term
Kroke is a popular __________ band in Poland.
Jewish
German
Polish
Russian
Definition
Jewish
Term
Which instrument is NOT a typical instrument of Klezmer music?
Violin
Clarinet
Drums
Accordion
Definition
Drums
Term
Which film did Zbigniew Rybczyński make in 1980 that won an Oscar?
The Cathedral
Tango
Święto (Holiday)
Media
Definition
Tango
Term
____________ wrote “Mury” (Walls) in 1978.
Jan Kochanowski
Ryszard Kapuscinski
Jacek Kaczmarski
Stanislaw Lem
Definition
Jacek Kaczmarski
Term
“Mury” (Walls) proposes that capitalism is an ideal system.
Definition
f
Term
Kashubians of north central Poland speak a language of dialect closely related to Polish.
Definition
t
Term
Tartars and Romes are ethnic minorities.
Definition
t
Term
Belarusians, Ukranians, Lithuanians, Germans, Russians, Czechs, Slovaks, Armenians, and Jews are not recognized national minorities.
Definition
f
Term
In the 2002 census, how many people identified themselves as Silesians?
Definition
173k
Term
What is Pope John Paul II real name?
Definition
Karol Wojtyla
Term
During WWII the future John Paul II worked in the army.
Definition
Answer: False-He worked in a factory
Term
During the Holocaust only 50 percent of Polish Jews were murdered.
A. True
B. False
Definition
Answer" False-90% were murdered
Term
The 2002 census found Germans to be the largest “_____” minority, numbering about 150,000.
A.)Ethnic
B.)National
C.)Nationwide
D.)Communities
Definition
B.)National
Term
This story was an autobiographical account of the Nazi Concentration camps:
A. This way to Gas, Ladies and Gentleman
B. Pigtail
C. The One from Hamburg
Definition
Answer: A. While all of these readings all had to do with the Holocaust, "This way to gas Ladies and Gentleman" was a first hand account of the experiences.
Term
The strike of 1980 was the first major strike in Poland after WW 2.
Definition
f
Term
The strike of August 1980 was not a violent and bloody event.
Definition
t
Term
What was the big event that marked the event of Solidarity
Definition
John Paul II’s pilgrimage to Poland in 1979
Term
Old churches and chapels made from wood are famous in Northern Poland
Definition
f
Term
What does "Man of Sorrows" depict
Definition
christ
Term
Polish Christmas Eve dinner include meat dishes as well as other fruits.
Definition
f
Term
What is the most traditional meal of Easter Day in Poland
Definition
breakfast
Term
Father Kolbe was selected by the camp’s guards to be executed.
Definition
f
Term
What historic movements is Pope John Paul attributed to?
A. Solidarity
B. End of Communism
C. First Polish pope
D. All of the Above
Definition
D. All of the Above
Term
Greetings from Jerusalem Avenue, 2002, is___________________
a. A fake palm tree, and work of art, created by the Polish artist Joanna Rajkowska.
b. A Jewish 'Greeting Card' shop equivalent to a "Hallmark" store here in the U.S.
c. The nickname for a legal document guaranteeing Jews equal rights in Poland.
d. A song created to commemorate the Jews who lost their lives in WWII in Poland.
Definition
A fake palm tree, and work of art, created by the Polish artist Joanna Rajkowska.
Term
"Oxygenerator" was the nickname that Poles gave to the gas chambers that the Nazis used to murder countless thousands of Jews during WWII. True/False?
Definition
Answer: False. In reality, it was actually a pond, and work of art, created to change a small part of the Polish environment in a way that markedly enhanced the nearby people's ability to come together and simply talk and enjoy life more with one another....
Term
Katarzyna Kozyra (artist born in 1964) was so inspired by the painting "Olympia" (Painted by Edouart Manet in 1863) that in her own art, she allowed herself to be photographed and displayed in the nude, emulating the hooker portrayed in Manet's original painting. True/ False?
Definition
t
Term
"A Pole", the painting created by Leszek Sobocki in 1979, is our professor's (Alina Klin) favorite portrait of John Paul the Second. True/TRUE?
Definition
True (Even though the portrait makes the Pope look like he could bench press 300 pounds without breaking a sweat)
Term
How would you best describe Krzysztof Penderecki's style of musical composition (the music that Professor Klin played for the class at the end of her contemporary Arts/Mores Project) ?
a) Electronic (use of synthisizers, "where the ability to create music is limited soley on your own creativity, not by the limitations inharent in the use of instraments")
b)Avant-garde (very non-formal, "when noise and music are difficult to distingush from one another")
c) Choir (the human voice, "Pure in it's form and harmonics")
d) Hip-Hop (basic melodies and popular catch phrases, "a way to reach out to the masses, to be heard by all!")
Definition
B. Avant-garde. Personally, I don't think much more of his compositions than being simply noise. In fact, the only difference I really felt was that his noise was more anoying than most noise, but that does not make it music in my book.
Term
1.) What year was the University of Warsaw founded?
A: 1574.
B: 1691.
C: 1749.
D: 1816.
Definition
D: 1816.
Term
Which of the following is the largest University in Poland.
A: University of Gdansk.
B: University of Warsaw.
C: Jagiellonian University in Krakow.
D: University of Lodz.
Definition
B: University of Warsaw.
Term
The 1863 Uprising led to the shut down of all the Polish Language Schools.
A: True.
B: False.
Definition
t
Term
What year did Poland regain Independence?
A: 1918
B: 1934
C: 1968
D: 1971
Definition
A: 1918
Term
The Invasion of Poland in 1939 began World War I.
A: True.
B: False.
Definition
f
Term
In the mid to late 1900's, Most professors in Christian Descent in universities were forced to emigrate.
A: True.
B: False.
Definition
f
Term
Which of the following sports are popular in Poland.
A: Soccer (Football).
B: Handball.
C: Fencing.
D: All of the Above.
Definition
D: All of the Above.
Term
Poland is the the ninth biggest country in Europe.
A: True.
B: False.
Definition
Correct answer is A. True. Poland is the the ninth biggest country in Europe and it shares frontiers with seven countries: Russia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Germany.
Term
Which of the following is the most popular name for a dog in Poland.
A: Burek.
B: Meunesti.
C: kavrey.
D: Zequed.
Definition
Correct Answer is A. The most popular name for a dog in Poland is Burek (meaning a brownish-grey colour)
Term
10.) What is estimated as the current population in Poland?
A: 38 Million.
B: 89 Million.
C: 112 Million.
D: 127 Million.
Definition
A: 38 Million.
Term
What type of composer was Chopin?
Definition
Romantic
Term
Before Karol Wojtyla decided to become a priest he wanted to do what?
Definition
be an actor
Term
The traditional way of doing pisanki is using what?
Definition
Wax and dye
Term
which vodka was the first one made from potatoes?
luksusowa
belvedere
teton glacier
smiroff
Definition
luksusowa
Term
1.What is the equivalent to an american birthday
A. Polka
B. Name Day
C. Pieta
Definition
B. Name Day
Term
2. Was the Polka orignially from Poland? True or False
Definition
f
Term
3. What we the initials that are separated by a cross on a funeral announcment?
A. S. and P.
B. B. and D.
C. What initial?
Definition
A. S. and P.
Term
The Klepsydra or the hour glass is also printed on a funeral announcment that means what?
A. Time of my life
B. The passage of time
C. Time beginning
Definition
B. The passage of time
Term
True or False Did people plan ahead for their death
Definition
ANS: True, it is said the wors thing that could happen is to meet death unprepared
Term
6. True or False polish coffins are the same as American coffins?
Definition
ANS: False, they are wider at the shoulder and narrower at the feet and the lid is removable.
Term
What pact that was signed shortly before WW2 by Germany and the Soviet Union.
Definition
The Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact
Term
Irena has won five consective olympic Games.
Definition
Answer: False. Irena has won 3 consecutive Olympic games
Term
1. Who is arguably the greatest athlete Poland produced?
Definition
Irena Szewinska
Term
2. Who was Irena Szewinska's idol?
Definition
Wilma Rudolph
Term
3. In Polish clibs, grinding is popular among dancing.
Definition
f
Term
4. Big Brother was one of the reality shows discussed in the reality tv presentation.
Definition
t
Term
5. What is used as an indentication of a hit in fencing?
Definition
a light
Term
1. What name was Pope John Paul II borned with?
A. Stefan Karol Wyszynki
B. Edmund Karol Wojtyla
C. Karol Jozef Wojtyla
D. Karol Stanislaw Dziwisz
Definition
C. Karol Jozef Wojtyla
Term
2. T/F Pope John Paul II was the first non-Italian pope since the 1200's.
Definition
f
Term
3. T/F Pope John Paul II is a saint.
Definition
f
Term
What are the 3 type of weapons for fencing and what are each of their targets.
Definition
Answer- foil the target is just the torso, arms aren't included. Epee the whole body is included. Saber the waist up is included (head and arms as well).
Term
1. John Paul II's pilgrimage to Poland in 1979 was the spark that led to the creation of solidarity.
A. True
B. False
Definition
t
Term
2. "Samizdat" is a Russian word that refers to manifestoes, protest letters, books and other material pirnted illegally in the communist states.
a. True
B. False
Definition
t
Term
3. The main reason which led to the Round Table Agreement in Poland was due to the very poor economic situation in the country and the workers' strike.
A. True
B. False
Definition
t
Term
Q. Among the popular images on the posters created for the elections of July 4, 1989 were
Definition
A. children, open windows, flowers and the “Solidarity” logo
Term
Q. The strike of 1980 was the first major strike in Poland after WW 2.
Definition
f
Term
1) Lech Walesa initially emerged from the working class in what profession?
a. electrician
b. carpenter
c. baker
d.fisherman
Definition
a. electrician
Term
2) Lech Walesa had a strong educational background. True/False?
Definition
f
Term
3) some demands that were initiated from the solidarity movement were related to the rights of religious beliefs. True/ False?
Definition
t
Term
Pope John Paul II was a great encouragement to the people of Poland and the Solidarity movement. True/False?
Definition
t
Term
5) Kirkland aiding in the Solidarity movement brought him into negative terms with what U.S. White House Administration?
a) Wilson
b)Carter
c)Bush
d) Roosevelt.
Definition
b)Carter
Term
6)Which countries aided in contributions to Poland's Solidarity movement?
a)Japan
b)France
c)West Germany
d) All of the above.
Definition
d) All of the above.
Term
Tennis is the most popular professional sport in Poland?
Definition
f
Term
What are some characteristics of Romanesque architecture?
Definition
A) Stone, rounded arch, barrel vault
Term
What are some characteristics of Gothic architecture?
Definition
Pointed arches, slender/tall walls, many windows.
Term
3) How many ethnic Poles were the Nazi's responsible for killing?
A) one million
B) two million
C) hundred thousand
D) five million
Definition
B) two million
Term
4) In addition to Nazi concentration camps ______ led to the death of citizens of countries such as Poland.
A) Soviet Gulag
B) bombings
C) labor camps
D) both A & C
E) all of the above
Definition
D) both A & C
Term
Where is Wit Stwosz originally from?
Definition
germany
Term
what is " The High Alter " best know for?
Definition
The bible for the poor.
Term
What is so interesting about Zamoc?
Definition
The city is built from scratch.
Term
what is Pieta?
Definition
In English it is Piety. It refers to the image of the Virgin Mary sitting down and Jesus Christ is in her lap.
Term
Zamoc had many churches in it including Armenian churches.
Definition
t
Term
How many buildings in Warsaw were destroyed by hitlers order?
Definition
*93%
Term
When was the Battle of Britain?
Definition
July 1940- May 1941
Term
What is the Katyn Massacre?
Definition
The most notorious incident was the 1940 murder of thousands of Polish military officers; the bodies of 4,000 of them were discovered in a mass grave in the Katyn forests near Smolensk in 1943
Term
"The Katyn Massacre" refers to ten thousand of polish officers executed by the Soviets in 1940 in Katyn, Starobielsk and Ostaszkow.
Definition
False-over 15 thousand
Term
Renaissance
Definition
(in Poland the 16th century)
Time of rational optimism; concept of successful combination of esthetics and functionalism (in architecture) one of the goals
Deep interest in antiquity: philosophical and political systems, mythology, art and architecture
Philosophy: Epicureanism (carpe diem), Stoicism (Observance of the golden mean)
Interest in all of aspects of human life: earthly pleasures, sensuality, eroticism, but also spirituality, religiousness transcendence
Exploration of human life in all of its manifestations:
Also interest in ecology, in geography, history, astronomy, etc.
Variety of literary forms and genres used: known in antiquity or developed in Italian poetry (epigrams, sonnets, songs, fables, etc.)
A lot of different figures of speech used, but they are there to express certain ideas, not “for the sake of form itself”
Attitude towards the world: it is there for the humans to enjoy, use, it was created by God, but maybe God’s involvement with the world is over (God created the world and is not interested in it anymore: Deism); it is a beautiful, purposeful world,
God: a creator, an engineer, benevolent, loving; no fear of God; people are grateful to him, but are not desperate.
Sometimes a poet puts himself at the same level as God (as both are creators),
Secure human being worshiping God as the source of all of riches
Also: jovial, humorous poetry, written to entertain guests at a dinner party
In the works of Kochanowski: Polish language achieved the high level of expression previously unknown to Polish literature
Interests in current politics; discussing matters important for the state
High culture (high-brow)
Term
Baroque
Definition
(in Poland: the end of the 16th century, the 17th and the first half of the 18th century)
The ideas of rational optimism, clarity of expression crucial for the Renaissance were abandoned and replaced by:
putting more emphasis on form than on content, ideas;
dominance of very ornate, elaborate, complex forms;
Popularity of such stylistic devices as: run-on-lines, paradox, oxymoron, conceit, enumeration, etc.
Baroque poet wanted to surprise, dazzle, startle the reader
Most often does not have such intellectual gravity as Renaissance poetry does
Trembling, fear of God: religiousness of a man who feels that without God he is nothing, sometimes a death wish appears: as life on earth is so painful, and the only hope is unity with God; it is the faith of a desperate human being
Also:
Lowbrow, patriotic literature is very prolific at that time (much simpler, so the images are understood by the majority of people, not only by the learned ones)
Term
Enlightnment
Definition
in Poland: the second half of the 18th century; the reign of the last king of Poland)
In general: it is called “The Age of Reason”: supremacy of reason, logic, applied scientific approach to the problems of human being, belief in the power of human mind, and in human governance over nature.
Exhibited the classical taste for harmony (popularity of some classical literary forms also popular in Renaissance)
Huge advances in the sciences resulted in different attitudes toward religion: Enlightenment was either unreligious or antireligious,
Catered to the elites; the projected receipient of this poetry needed to know certain literary conventions in order to fully appreciate these poems
Used literary forms known and used in antiquity and later on popular during Renaissance (such as: ode, sonnet, fable, etc.)
Advocated restraint in the way of expression and adherence to conventions, rules in poetry
Didactic aspect of Polish poetry of that time:
Some poets – like Krasicki – made it their goals to educate and entertain at the same time; fight superstitions, advocate ideas like reforms of the state, use of a common sense, reason, education, criticized the blind following of the foreign fashions.
Term
Romanticism
Definition
(in Poland: 1820 –1864)
In general Romanticism developed in opposition to the classicistic Enlightenment, it questioned and negated its tenets.
The emphasis on feelings, emotions; negation of the rational.
For the Romantics human experience is irrational
The Enlightenment’s vision of nature governed by humans, the Romantics replaced with the notion of nature as an untamed force and the human being trembling before it.
Romanticism was attracted to everything that opposed the established conventions: the wild, the exotic, and the deranged.
Also by pain, madness, death, passions, supernatural, paranormal,
In imagery: they often use scenes of raging seas, storms, vastness of mountains and emptiness of deserts,
Was profoundly religious
Addressed newly liberated masses
Also: very patriotic, even nationalistic (especially Polish Romanticism)
Term
In Polish Romanticism:
Definition
The fatherland was likened to or even equaled with God, or religion
The regaining of the independence of Poland was perceived as the most important goal and the highest value
The idea of “Messianism”: Poland is like the Messiah, who was killed for the sins of the people but was resurrected; therefore Poland is going to be resurrected too.
National identity became very important: the Romantics felt it was threatened: religion, history and race became its markers and they needed to be protected and nourished.
Term
preamble to the polish constitution
Definition
Having regard for the existence and future of our Homeland, Which recovered, in 1989, the possibility of a sovereign and democratic determination of its fate, We, the Polish Nation - all citizens of the Republic, Both those who believe in God as the source of truth, justice, good and beauty, As well as those not sharing such faith but respecting those universal values as arising from other sources, Equal in rights and obligations towards the common good - Poland, Beholden to our ancestors for their labors, their struggle for independence achieved at great sacrifice, for our culture rooted in the Christian heritage of the Nation and in universal human values, Recalling the best traditions of the First and the Second Republic, Obliged to bequeath to future generations all that is valuable from our over one thousand years' heritage, Bound in community with our compatriots Aware of the need for cooperation with all countries for the good of the Human Family, Mindful of the bitter experiences of the times when fundamental freedoms and human rights were violated in our Homeland, Desiring to guarantee the rights of the citizens for all time, and to ensure diligence and efficiency in the work of public bodies, Recognizing our responsibility before God or our own consciences, Hereby establish this Constitution of the Republic of Poland as the basic law for the State, based on respect for freedom and justice, cooperation between the public powers, social dialogue as well as on the principle of subsidiarity in the strengthening the powers of citizens and their communities. We call upon all those who will apply this Constitution for the good of the Third Republic to do so paying respect to the inherent dignity of the person, his or her right to freedom, the obligation of solidarity with others, and respect for these principles as the unshakeable foundation of the Republic of Poland.dispersed throughout the world,
Aware of the need for cooperation with all countries for the good of the Human Family, Mindful of the bitter experiences of the times when fundamental freedoms and human rights were violated in our Homeland, Desiring to guarantee the rights of the citizens for all time, and to ensure diligence and efficiency in the work of public bodies, Recognizing our responsibility before God or our own consciences, Hereby establish this Constitution of the Republic of Poland as the basic law for the State, based on respect for freedom and justice, cooperation between the public powers, social dialogue as well as on the principle of subsidiarity in the strengthening the powers of citizens and their communities. We call upon all those who will apply this Constitution for the good of the Third Republic to do so paying respect to the inherent dignity of the person, his or her right to freedom, the obligation of solidarity with others, and respect for these principles as the unshakeable foundation of the Republic of Poland.
Term
Magdalena Abakanowicz
Definition
(born:1930)
she made Agora, 80 backs, and Abakan, and Unrecognized (2k2, Poznan)
Term
Wilhelm Sasnal
Definition
Airplanes,
Girl Smoking (Anka), Untitled 2k1 (with astronot fish bowls over thier heads)
Term
Joanna Rajkowska
Definition
Born 1968, Greetings from Jerusalem Ave. 2k2, and Oxygenerator.
It is an attempt to infuse with Israel's scenery Warsaw's Aleje Jerozolimskie - a street whose name and history, in return, sends the observer back to Israel. In another way, the palm tree refers to a popular idiomatic expression in the Polish language (Polish: palma odbija - literally: "the palm tree sprouts/bounces back") that indicates something unthinkable, outside common understanding, escaping the usual way of reasoning, simply - something idiotic. On the other hand, through the very presence of the palm tree in the middle of Warsaw's centre, it may signify that the commonly accepted way of reasoning does not fit the real world
Term
Zbigniew Libera
Definition
Lego, Concentration Camp 96
Term
order of architecture styles, dates
Definition
Romanesque Style (11th -12th centuries)
Gothic (13th -15th centuries)
Renaissance (16th century)
Baroque (17th and the first half of 18th century)
Term
Gniezno Door
Definition
1175, bronze door cathedral, decorated with 18 scenes from the life of st. adalbert.
Term
Szczerbiec
Definition
a sword traditionally used at the coronation of Polish kings. 12th century.
Term
Gothic
Definition
Its characteristic features include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress. The Gothic style arrived in Poland in the 13th century.
Term
St. Mary's Church in krakow
Definition
high altar by Veit Stoss,
Term
arras
Definition
expensive tapestry or rugs, 1553-71, purchased by kings.
Term
The Polish attic
Definition
an architectural element from the Renaissance period used for decorating the keep's upper side, is made of two friezes of blind arcades ended with a band of upper crenels both supported by consoles and columns. .
Term
Mury walls
Definition
was a sung poetry protest song written by Polish singer Jacek Kaczmarski in 1978. In People's Republic of Poland, in the early eighties of 20th century it became a symbol of the opposition to the communist regime. It became popular among the workers of Solidarity (NSZZ Solidarność) and is one of Kaczmarski's best known songs.
Term
Poland under Communism
Definition
•Command (centrally planned) economy: (resulted in “economy of shortages”: chronic lack of goods and services)
•One-party political system: PZPR (“United Party of Polish Workers”) was “the leading party” in Poland
•Theoretical “dictatorship of the proletariat” (working class), but in reality a privileged party elite were the rulers
•“State socialism” (the means of production owned by the state as the vast majority of the factories were nationalized immediately after the war); now commonly referred to as “communism”
•Nowa Huta (steel works and city near Krakow) and other big state-owned enterprises; the Six-Year-Plan:1950-55
•Censorship (preventive: all of the printed publications, films and public performances were scrutinized before they were presented to the public).
Term
current role and past roles of catholic church
Definition
•In Poland: churches are still full (although attendance is going down)
•Why? A few reasons:
•During the time of Partitions (1795-1918) the Catholic Church helped to preserve the Polish language and culture and “Catholicism” became one of the markers of Polishness (together with the language and ethnicity)
•During WW2 the Church was persecuted and suffered with the people, over 3000 priests were murdered (some of them like Father Maximilian Maria Kolbe in the camps), helped the underground movement, hid Jews
Term
21 demands
Definition
The first demand was the right to create independent trade unions. Other demands called the government to respect the constitutional rights and freedoms, dismantling the privileges for the Party members and taking actions to improve the economic conditions of Polish citizens. The demands eventually led to the Gdańsk Agreement and creation of Solidarity.
