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| Communication channels, such as newspapers and radio and television broadcasts, through which people can communicate to mass audiences |
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| Communication channels that consist of printed materials, such as newspapers and magazines |
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| Communication channels that involve electronic transmissions, such as radio, television, and the internet. |
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| In televised news reporting, a brief comment, lasting for only a few seconds, that captures a thought or a perspective and has an immediate impact on the viewers. |
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| Advertising undertaken by or on behalf of a political candidate to familiarize voters with the candidate and his or her views on campaign issues; also advertising for or against policy issues. |
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| Negative Political Advertising |
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| Political advertising undertaken for the purpose of discrediting an opposing candidate in the eyes of the voters. Attack ads and issue ads are forms of negative political advertising. |
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| A negative political advertisement that attacks the character of an opposing candidate. |
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| A political advertisement that focuses on a particular issue. Issue ads can be used to support or attack a candidate. |
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| News coverage that is manipulated by a campaign manager or political consultant to gain media exposure for a political candidate. |
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| A political candidate's press adviser, who tries to convince reporters to give a story or event concerning the candidate a particular "spin". |
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| A reporter's slant on, or interpretation of, a particular event or action. |
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| The collection, analysis, and dissemination of information online by independent journalists, scholars, politicians, and the general citizenry. |
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| The distribution of audio or video files to a personal computer or a mobile device, such as an iPod |
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