Term
| Hedley Bull and Adam Watson’s notion of an international society differs from other liberal conceptualizations of an international system in that the actors in an international society: |
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| What did John Mearsheimer predict would happen following the end of the Cold War and the demise of the bipolar international system? |
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Definition
| The world would be less stable and less predictable. |
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Term
| According to the text, a(n) _____ is “an assemblage of units, objects, or parts united by some form of regular interaction.” |
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| At the end of the Gulf War, given the power and position of the United States, many states became worried that the international system had become: |
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| Which of the following is a realist assessment of the possibility of change in the international system? |
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Definition
| Change happens, but it is slow. |
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| Those who argue that a multipolar system is the most stable claim that: |
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Definition
| numerous interactions among all the various parties moderate hostilities. |
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| Efforts to test the relationship between polarity and stability: |
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| According to Marxists and most other radicals, the international system is characterized by crippling stratification caused by _____. |
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Definition
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| _____ contend that some states in the international system are economically advantaged, while others are disadvantaged. |
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Definition
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| According to constructivists, what causes change in the international system? |
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Definition
| Changing ideas and cultural change. |
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Term
| During the Cold War, U.S. policymakers had little information about the Soviet Union and therefore assumed it was following the rational model of decision making. When Soviet archives were opened to American scholars, they discovered: |
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Definition
| that the Soviet Union did not have a rational plan as the United States had assumed. |
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Term
| _____ diplomacy involves trying to create an overall image that enhances a state’s ability to achieve its objectives |
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Definition
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Term
| How can the Israeli-Palestinian conflict be characterized? |
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Definition
| As two nations fighting over whether two states should be established in a certain territory. |
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Term
| Forbidding Iraq to sell oil on the world market following the Gulf War is an example of: |
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Definition
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Term
| How do radicals believe states determine their foreign policies? |
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Definition
| By following the economic imperatives of the dominant class. |
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Term
| Deterrence is a strategy that: |
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Definition
| involves a commitment by one state to punish another for a negative action. |
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Term
| Which of the following today provides the best example of a nation-state? |
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Definition
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| Marxists believe that a state’s behavior reflects: |
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Definition
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Term
| Viewing decisions as products of subnational organizations is characteristic of the _____ model of foreign-policy decisionmaking. |
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Definition
| bureaucratic/organizational |
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Term
| A state’s power potential depends on its natural sources of power, the most important of which are: |
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Definition
| geography, natural resources, and population. |
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Term
| Which of the following is an example of track-two diplomacy? |
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Definition
| A Norwegian sociologist’s efforts to reconcile relations between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization. |
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Term
| _____ refers to individuals’ tendencies to select or amplify information that is compatible with their previously held beliefs and ignore or downplay information that is not. |
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Definition
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Term
| When it comes to foreign policy and other international issues, leaders often pay attention to the dominant moods of the public, which can be measured by: |
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Definition
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Term
| What does mirror imaging entail? |
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Definition
| The tendency of individuals and groups to see in their opponent the opposite characteristics seen in themselves. |
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Term
| Part of the reason Franklin Roosevelt and Mikhail Gorbachev had so much individual influence on their respective countries was because: |
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Definition
| their countries were in economic crises during their time in power. |
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Term
| Why do realists and radicals downplay the individual level of analysis? |
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Definition
| They think the international system is more important than the individual in determining foreign policy. |
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Term
| Scholars who argue that all individuals and societies share common psychological and biological traits contend that: |
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Definition
| these traits can help explain state behavior. |
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Term
| Political psychologist Margaret Hermann found that leaders can be divided into two foreign policy orientations based on their combination of personality traits. What are these orientations? |
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Definition
| independent and participatory |
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Term
| The text cites which of the following as an example of groupthink? |
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Definition
| President Johnson’s Tuesday lunch group. |
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Term
| Which of the following is an example of mirror imaging? |
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Definition
| Americans viewing the Soviet Union as hostile and untrustworthy during the Cold War. |
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Term
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Definition
| A dominant state that has a preponderance of power; often establishes and enforces the rules and norms in the international system. |
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Definition
| States or nations that use nuclear weapons. |
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Definition
| the states and substate actors in the international system and the institutions and norms that regulate their interaction; implies that these actors communicate, sharing common interests and a common identity; identified with British school of political theory |
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Term
| New International Economic Order (NIEO) |
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Definition
| a list of demands by the Group of 77 to reform economic relations between the North and the South, that is, between the developed countries and the developing countries |
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Definition
| a group of people sharing a common language, history or culture. |
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Term
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Definition
Most critical: industrial development, level of infrastructure, characteristics of military
"the higher power" enhance/modify power potential |
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Term
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Definition
| use of certain diplomatic methods to create a favorable image of the state or its people in the eyes of other states and their publics; methods include, goodwill tours, cultural and student exchanges, and media presentations |
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Term
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Definition
| the policy of maintaining a large military force and arsenal to discourage any potential aggressor from taking action; states commit themselves to punish an aggressor state |
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Term
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Definition
| the model of foreign-policy decision making that posits that national decisions are the outcomes of bargaining among bureaucratic groups having competing interests; decisions reflect the relative strength of the individual bureaucratic players or of the organizations they represent |
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Term
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Definition
| groups of people from different states who share religious, idealogical or policy briefs and who work together to change the status quo |
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Definition
| ability to change a target's behavior based on the legitimacy of one's idea or policies, rather than on military, economic or material power |
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Definition
| democratic leader of Venezuela. Practices socialism. Used money on social programs such as housing and hospitals. Put Venezuela on a new path with his new policies. Poverty was cut in half because of his policies. Strong critic of neoliberal economic policies. |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to look for details in a contemporary situation that are similar to information previously obtained |
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Definition
| Carnegie Council (ethics and international affairs) and International Crisis Group (members) |
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Term
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Definition
| in decision making theory, the tendency of states and their leaders to settle for the minimally acceptable solution, not the best possible outcome, in order to reach a consensus and formulate a policy |
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Term
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Definition
| an alternative international relations theory that hypothesizes how ideas, norms, and institutions shape state identity and interests |
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